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A comprehensive review, based on about 180 references, synthesizing research and development about Stylosanthes guianensis accession CIAT 184 is presented. This genotype has been widely tested across the tropics and was developed into commercial cultivars in several countries. Agronomic evaluations in a range of disciplines and other research in numerous countries of tropical America, Africa, Southeast Asia and China, and utilization of the legume by farmers are reported. CIAT 184 is particularly successful in southern China, where it gave origin to 5 cultivars. Its outstanding feature is an apparently durable tolerance of the fungal disease, anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), throughout the tropics, with exception of the savanna ecozone in tropical America. Further assets include adaptation to acid, infertile soils, drought tolerance and high production of nutritious dry matter that can be used as traditional forage for ruminants and as leaf meal or pellets to feed monogastrics. CIAT 184 has also found application for soil conservation and improvement (such as erosion control, mulch and green manure), alone or in association with crops and trees. Published work dealing with basic research, mainly conducted in China, is presented. The review concludes with a brief discussion on the current adoption of CIAT 184 and with suggestions regarding future perspectives and research needs.

The object detection algorithm based on deep learning has good recognition performance in foreign object detection. But the model memory requirement is large and the detection speed is slow. The lightweight deep learning networks can significantly reduce model memory requirements and improve detection speed. But their detection precision is low in weak light environments underground. In order to solve the above problems, a real-time foreign object detection algorithm for belt conveyors based on Faster-YOLOv7 is proposed. By using the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) with limited contrast for image enhancement, the contrast of foreign objects in low light environments is improved. Lightweight design of the YOLOv7 backbone network based on Mobilenetv3 is carried out to reduce the computational and parameter load of the YOLOv7 model. By adding an effective channel attention mechanism, the method alleviates the problem of high-level feature information loss caused by a decrease in the number of feature channels. Alpha-IoU is used as the loss function to improve the precision of foreign object detection. The experimental results show the following points. ① The initial loss of Faster-YOLOv7 is 0.143, and the final stability is around 0.039. ② The detection speed of Faster-YOLOv7 can reach 42 frames/s, which is 17 and 20 frames/s higher than YOLOv5 and YOLOv7, respectively. Faster-YOLOv7 has a memory of 14 MiB, which is 29 and 57 MiB lower than YOLOv5 and YOLOv7, respectively. The detection accuracy reaches 91.3%, which is 8.8% higher than YOLOv5. ③Applying SSD, YOLOv5, lightweight YOLOv7, and Faster-YOLOv7 object detection algorithms to the coal conveying images and videos of underground belt conveyors in coal mines, it is found that SSD misses detection during video detection. YOLO series models effectively recognized the foreign objects to be tested, and Faster-YOLOv7 recognition results has a higher confidence level.

CFRP composites are widely used in aerospace due to their excellent mechanical properties, however, due to the anisotropy of the individual plies, the electro magnetic interference(EMI) shielding efficiency(SE) for vertically polarized waves of the unidirectional fiber laminates is poor. In order to protect electronics within these equipments from increasingly severe electromagnetic interference, it is particularly important to enhance the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the CFRP. In this paper, Al particles were introduced and a conductive network was constructed in the CFRP interlaminar region by condensing the Al particles on the prepreg surface. The effects of different Al particle contents on EMI SE and mechanical properties of composites were studied. With the increase of Al particle contents, the electrical conductivity and the EMI SE of CFRP composites increase. When the Al mass fraction in the resin is 33.3%, the in-plane conductivity of the composites increases by 3 orders of magnitude, the EMI SE of the Al particle sandwich CFRP composites is improved by more than 10 dB in the frequency range of 3-17 GHz. With the increase of Al particle contents, the interlaminar shear strength and bending strength of the composites increase first and then decrease. When the Al mass fraction in the resin is 33.3%, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites increases by 5.2% to 80.5 MPa, and when the Al mass fraction in the resin is 50%, the bending strength of the composites increases by 20% to 1441.0 MPa and the bending modulus increases by 10.2% to 101.83 GPa. It can be seen that the mechanical properties and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the Al particles sandwich CFRP composite can be improved simutaneously. It is a kind of structure electromagnetic shielding integrated composite with broad application prospects.

Taking into consideration the difficulties in predicting the properties of liquid production and evaluating the irreducible water saturation of low-porosity and ultra-low-permeability sandstone reservoirs, the relationships between the irreducible water saturation and logging reservoir evaluation parameters are explored based on a large number of core mercury injection experiment. When the permeability cumulative contribution value reaches 99.9%, the lower limit of pore throat radius is determined as 0.025 μm and the corresponding irreducible water saturation is more accurate. The experimental results of 77 samples in the research area showed that the irreducible water saturation has a good correlation with the median pore throat radius which has a good correlation with the porosity. The irreducible water saturation is consistent with the nuclear magnetic experiment results. Therefore, a new method to determine the irreducible water saturation based on logging data is established. The application results of this method in tight sandstone reservoirs in the Keshen area show that the fluid types identified by the relationship between the calculated irreducible water saturation and total water saturation are consistent with the actual test results, which confirms the accuracy and feasibility of this method. This method solves the problem of irreducible water saturation evaluation in low-porosity and ultra-low-permeability sandstone reservoirs. In the field or other situations where core testing is lacking, accurate irreducible water saturation can be obtained based on only porosity. It also lays a foundation for further improving the prediction accuracy of fluid properties, which has broad application prospects.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Ommaya sac combined with external ventricular drainage in improving neurological function after periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in neonates. Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out on the neonates hospitalized due to PIVH in the neonate and neurosurgery departments in our hospital from January 2015 to July 2020. They were divided into Ommaya sac combined with external ventricular drainage surgery group (surgery group) and non-surgery group. All of them were followed up until they were 12 months old. The concentration of inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid in the early stage, the incidence of complications (epilepsy, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, and death) during follow-up, and neurodevelopmental outcomes were observed and analyzed in the 2 groups. Results A total of 71 PIVH neonates were enrolled, including 35 cases treated with Ommaya capsule combined with external ventricular drainage, and 36 cases treated without surgery. The levels of neuron enolase (NSE), nerve growth factor (NGF) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the cerebrospinal fluid in 3 d after surgery were significantly decreased than the levels before surgery (P < 0.05). In the non-surgery group, no such differences in the above indexes were seen in 3 d after treatment (P>0.05). During the follow-up to 12 months of corrected age, 1 neonate (2.9%) died in the surgery group and 6 neonates (16.7%) died in the non-surgery group. The incidences of complications in the surgery group and non-surgery group were compared as follows: epilepsy (0 vs 2 cases), hydrocephalus (4 vs 9 cases) and cerebral palsy (1 vs 3 cases), and statistical differences were seen in the incidences (P < 0.05). Gesell Developmental Scale score indicated that the developmental of the surviving children in the surgery group were significantly better than those in the non-surgery group in terms of adaptability, fine motor, language and personal social interaction (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with non-surgical treatment, Ommaya sac combined with external ventricular drainage significantly reduces the concentration of inflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid of neonates with moderate and severe PIVH, effectively decreases the incidence of PIVH complications, and improves the prognosis of neurological function.

The non-contact bulk material accumulation detection method has problems, such as slow detection speed, low detection precision in image fuzzy scene, large memory requirement of deep learning model. In order to solve the above problems, a video real-time detection method of bulk material accumulation on belt conveyor based on lightweight Mask-RCNN (mask region-based convolutional neural network) is proposed. Firstly, the collected image is preprocessed by the dark channel prior algorithm to reduce the image fogging phenomenon caused by dust in the transportation and loading process and improve the image edge features. The traditional Mask-RCNN backbone network ResNet can not meet the requirement of real-time detection of bulk material accumulation on an embedded platform. In order to solve this problem, the defogging preprocessed image is input into the backbone network based on MobileNetV2 + feature pyramid network (FPN) for feature extraction. The feature graph is generated. The backbone network is designed to be lightweight. The backbone network is deployed on the embedded platform to collect image data in real-time for instance segmentation. In order to find the edge of the segmented object more accurately, a method of adding edge loss in the mask branch of traditional Mask-RCNN is proposed. The mask is generated by using full convolutional network layer. The edge loss function is constructed by combining the Scharr operator. The segmentation image is obtained by fusing object classification, bounding box regression and semantic information. Finally, the bulk material accumulation detection is realized by judging whether the pixel value in the bulk material accumulation mask exceeds a preset threshold value. The experimental results show that the memory requirement of the proposed method is reduced to 1/5 of that of the model taking ResNet 101 as the backbone network. The average precision mean value after image defogging pre-processing is increased by 8%. The average detection time of one image is 0.56 s, the detection precision can reach 91.8%.

In this article, we proposed a novel but simple multilayer resin film infusion-compressive molding (MLRFI-CM) manufacturing process that can harness the resin shear flow to architect hierarchical carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with tunable 1D nanocarbons orientation. Via this novel process, we demonstrated that the orientation of two typical 1D nanocarbons, namely, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), can be successfully tuned via altering the infusion time and that the tuning strategy is especially effective toward CNTs. Further, the structure-performance relationships between the electrical conductivity/interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and filler through-thickness orientation of the hierarchical CFRP composites is explored and compared. In the best case, with only 0.3 wt% of CNTs, the ILSS of CFRP composites revealed an increase of 19.7%, and the through-thickness conductivity demonstrated an increase of 38%.

Understanding hydrological process of surface water and groundwater is significant for the management of urban water resources. In this study, a total of thirty-seven water samples have been collected from the river (RW, 15 samples), shallow aquifer (SG, 12 samples), and deep aquifer (DG, 10 samples) in Suzhou, Northern Anhui Province, China, and their major ion concentrations and stable H–O isotopes have been measured. The results revealed that Na+ and HCO3− were the dominant cation and anion, respectively, and most of the water samples are classified to be Na-HCO3 type, to a lesser extent, Mg-HCO3 type. K-mean and Q-type clustering analyses ruled out the hydrological relationship between river and groundwater, but there was a significant connectivity between shallow and deep groundwater, which was further confirmed by the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. The relationship between δ2H and δ18O has shown that precipitation was the main source of the groundwater in the study area. Furthermore, the values of deuterium excess (d-excess) in different water bodies suggested that the groundwater has not been affected by evaporation, which was the main process controlling the isotopic composition of river water.

Reforms in social governance are promoted by changes in social environments. Social governance models cannot be constant, and the rise of every innovative governance model is inseparable from an ever-changing society. The theoretical connotation of the collaborative innovation model in regional social governance is mainly reflected in its agents, actions, and processes. The fundamental requirements of the collaborative innovation model in regional social governance are de-administration and market-based. The key elements of the collaborative regional social governance model include: delegating power from central authorities, transferring selected social governance affairs, enhancing the development of governance capabilities in social governance agents, diversifying these agents by giving full play to the agency to strengthen the concept of collaborative governance for social governance agents, strengthening the establishment of the governance system, and ensuring the normal progress of the governance processes. The collaborative innovation model in regional social governance should be built in three aspects: a system of institutional norms, an evaluation indicator system, and law-based collaborative governance.

The 52307 working face with large mining height in Daliuta coal mine is chosen as the research background, where there is the special mining condition in the overburden structure with a buried depth of more than 150 m and only one layer of key structure in Shendong mining area. Using the methods of similarity simulation experiment and theoretical analysis, the overburden movement law based on the arch mechanical model of plane contact block is systematically researched. The research results indicate that before the initial weight, the main key layer appears layered fracture in the mining process, and its lower rock layer becomes a part of the collapse zone. Before the initial weight, the upper key layer forms a “fixed supported beam” structure. When the beam reaches the limit length, shear failure occurs in the middle position; during the periodic weight, the upper key layer breaks into the plane contact block arch structure close to the same size. Relying on the friction between the contact planes, it has a certain displacement but does not collapse completely. The load transmitted from overburden is transmitted to the rear of the gob through the semiarch characteristics of the structure; the sliding instability and rotary deformation instability of the plane contact block arch structure are analyzed. The fracture of the key layer lags behind the mining position of the working face by a certain distance, due to the influence of the fracture angle of collapse zone in the advancing process of working face. The research results provide an important guiding significance for prediction and prevention for dynamic disaster of rock strata in working face with large mining height.

During the outbreak of COVID-19, the pathogenic virus SARS-CoV-2, characterized by highly infectious, lethal and unpredictable outcomes has brought a variety of psychological shocks to the general public including the ordinary people, patients with confirmed diagnosis and suspected cases. Harmful psychological stress often causes panic to the society. For individuals, it can not only lead to the occurrence of psychological stress disorders such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), but also is not conducive to the recovery of patients with COVID-19.Intervention of psychological stress during the pandemic is necessary. This article analyzes the psychological stress disorders of different populations during the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses their intervention strategies, which help to treat individuals in time and avoid the occurrence of psychological stress disorders, facilitate rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19.

Objective To investigate the effect of astrocyte-microglia crosstalk mediated by complement C3/C3aR signaling on hydrocephalus after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) in newborn rats. Methods GMH was induced in post-natal day 7 SD rats by collagenase Ⅶ-S injection into the ganglionic eminence. We detected the changes in the expression of periventricular C3 and C3aR over time after GMH, and observed the effect of intraperitoneal injection of C3aRA (a selective C3aR antagonist) on hydrocephalus using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The learning and memory functions of the rats were tested after the treatment using Morris water maze test, and the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and aquaporin 4 in the brain tissues were detected using Western blotting at different time points after GMH. Results The neonatal rats with GMH showed significantly up-regulated expression of C3 and C3aR around the cerebral ventricles and increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the brain, presenting also with obvious lateral ventricle dilation, compression of the cortex and hippocampus, and impairment of the learning and memory functions. Treatment of the rats with C3aRA obviously decreased C3 and C3aR expression, alleviated hydrocephalus, improved the neurological deficits, and reduced the expression of the inflammatory factors in the brain. GMH caused obvious ectopic expression of aquaporins 4 and increased its expression level on the astrocytes, and C3aRA treatment significantly improved the abnormal expression of aquaporins 4. Conclusion GMH causes the astrocytes to up-regulate and release C3, which binds to C3aR on the microglia to promote inflammation and aggravate hydrocephalus. The ectopic expression of aquaporin 4 in astrocytes may play an important role in the occurrence of hydrocephalus following GMH. rats newborn

Through comparison, algorithm optimization, pipeline accelerated design and structural compatibility extension of a large number of mainstream algorithm, this paper propose an algorithm that is good for modulo operation structure compatibility: improved radix-4 interleaved modular multiplication algorithm. It has advantages of short path and simple structure, and has advantages in compatibility design, can achieve full flow accelerated operation, and achieve the high speed and reconfigurable design purposes. The improved radix-4 interleaved modular multiplication unit proposed in this paper can directly realize plus-minus module division and modular addition without adding extra structure, which solves the problem of the waste of independent resources. The unified modular unit is synthesized under the 65 nm CMOS process. The area is 0.117 mm2. The clock frequency is 526 MHz. A 576 bit modular multiplication and modular division are completed at 0.55 μs and 2.98 μs respectively.

Resolution performance is an important performance criteria of the radar systems. Typically, the Ambiguity Function (AF) of signals is used to define the range and Doppler limits. In this study Some new opinions are proposed—First, the AF is based on the signals processed with matched filter, which can guarantee the maximization of the output of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Thus, the AF is optimal for target detection. However, the AF is unsuitable for the resolution of multiple targets. Second, the AF cannot reflect the effect of random factors, such as noise, target fluctuation, and mutual interference of close targets. Third, the AF can only handle two equal-powered targets and provide the conclusion of the limits. However, the AF fails to distinguish multiple unequal-powered targets, which is often the case in reality. Therefore, the hypothesis testing theory is applied to resolve the range resolution of two closely spaced targets for radars, and our study is based on the original echoes of the signals. With the definition of the correct resolution and false alarm rates in the statistical standpoint, we derive the expression of the range Statistical Resolution Limit (SRL). The simulation results indicate that the SRL can exceed the Rayleigh limit. With the false alarm and correct resolution rates being 0.001 and 0.5, respectively, for the two uncorrelated-amplitude linear-quencymodulated signals, the range SRL can be as low as 0.3 times of the Rayleigh limit.

Objective To investigate the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(NAMPT) in colon cancer tissues and analyze its physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structures, protein-protein interaction, subcellular localization and function by bioinformation. Methods TCGA database and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to verify the expression of NAMPT in colon cancer tissues. CCK8 test was used to verify the proliferation ability of SW480 cells transfected with NAMPT siRNA and control siRNA. Then, we applied bioinformatics software, such as ProtParam, Jpred4.0, Genecards, String, etc., to predict the physicochemical properties and functions of NAMPT. Results The expression of NAMPT mRNA was significantly higher in colon cancer tissues than that in the adjacent tissues. The proliferation ability of SW480 cells transfected with NAMPT siRNA was much lower than control group. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that NAMPT was unstable acidic hydrophilic protein and consisted of 491 amino acids. Fourteen α helixes and seventeen β folds were predicted in the secondary structure. The global model quality estimation (GMQE) score of the tertiary structure was 0.97 and the Results showed that NAMPT had no functional domain, with only one conservative domain. NAMPT was abundant in the extracellular, nucleus and cytoplasm. This protein was involved in NAD+ biosynthesis, circadian rhythm, stress, metabolism reaction and aging. Conclusion The overexpression of NAMPT in colon cancer tissues could be involved in various biological processes, and could regulate the biological behavior of tumor by different pathways.

This paper proposes a novel grey wolf optimization-extreme learning machine model, namely, the GWO-ELM model, to train and predict the ground subsidence by combining the extreme learning machine with the grey wolf optimization algorithm. Taking an excavation project of a foundation pit of Kunming in China as an example, after analyzing the settlement monitoring data of cross sections JC55 and JC56, the representative monitoring sites JC55-2 and JC56-1 were selected as the training monitoring samples of the GWO-ELM model. And three kinds of GWO-ELM models such as considering the influence of time series, influence of settlement factors, and after optimization were established to predict the ground settlement near the foundation pit. The predictive results are that their average relative error and average absolute error are ranked from large to small as GWO-ELM model based on time series, GWO-ELM model based on settlement factors, and optimized GWO-ELM model for the three kinds of GWO-ELM models at monitoring points JC55-2 and JC56-1. Accordingly, the optimized GWO-ELM model has the strongest predictive ability.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown great promise, emerging as a new pillar of treatment for cancer; however, only a relatively small proportion of recipients show a durable response to treatment. Strategies that reliably differentiate durably-responding tumours from non-responsive tumours are a critical unmet need. Persistent and durable immunological responses are associated with the generation of memory T cells. Effector memory T cells associated with tumour response to immune therapies are characterized by substantial upregulation of the potassium channel Kv1.3 after repeated antigen stimulation. We have developed a new Kv1.3 targeting radiopharmaceutical, [18F]AlF-NOTA-KCNA3P, and evaluated whether it can reliably differentiate tumours successfully responding to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy targeting PD-1 alone or combined with CLTA4. In a syngeneic colon cancer model, we compared tumour retention of [18F]AlF-NOTA-KCNA3P with changes in the tumour immune microenvironment determined by flow cytometry. Imaging with [18F]AlF-NOTA-KCNA3P reliably differentiated tumours responding to ICI therapy from non-responding tumours and was associated with substantial tumour infiltration of T cells, especially Kv1.3-expressing CD8+ effector memory T cells.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block checkpoint receptors that tumours use for immune evasion, allowing immune cells to target and destroy cancer cells. Despite rapid advancements in immunotherapy, durable response rates to ICIs remains low. To address this, combination clinical trials are underway assessing whether adjuvants can enhance responsiveness by increasing tumour immunogenicity. CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) are synthetic DNA fragments containing an unmethylated cysteine-guanosine motif that stimulate the innate and adaptive immune systems by engaging Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) present on the plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B cells. Here, we have assessed the ability of AlF-mNOTA-GZP, a peptide tracer targeting granzyme B, to serve as a PET imaging biomarker in response to CpG-ODN 1585 in situ vaccine therapy delivered intratumourally (IT) or intraperitoneally (IP) either as monotherapy or in combination with αPD1. [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP was able to differentiate treatment responders from non-responders based on tumour uptake. Furthermore, [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP showed positive associations with changes in tumour-associated lymphocytes expressing GZB, namely GZB+ CD8+ T cells, and decreases in suppressive F4/80+ cells. [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP tumour uptake was mediated by GZB expressing CD8+ cells and successfully stratifies therapy responders from non-responders, potentially acting as a non-invasive biomarker for ICIs and combination therapy evaluation in a clinical setting.

The application of laminated metal sheet in the numerical control busbar blanking process is increasingly wide. In this paper,the blanking process of laminated copper sheet is studied to improve edge quality of parts in blanking laminated metal sheet. Compare single metal sheet blanking process,laminated metal sheet is different. Laminated copper sheet blanking experiments are conducted in the busbar processing machine’s blanking station and taken some approach that through DAQ to collect pressure,displacement sensor test data in blanking laminated copper sheet under different blanking clearance. Blanking force variation trend with displacement is obtained,and relationship between aperture size,deformation collapse height and blanking displacement is also acquired. Data above are analyzed and compared. Studies have shown that blanking force increases with decreasing blanking clearance and deformation collapse height and aperture size accuracy have a lot to do with the layer number of the place of laminated sheet. Compared single metal sheet with laminated metal sheet blanking process,influence factors are more and problems are more complicated which in blanking laminated metal sheet,quality of parts in blanking laminated metal sheet can be improved by controlling some environment which including blanking clearance and blank-holder force.

This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization dispatching method for the Integrated Energy System (IES), in which cooling/heating/electricity multi-load demand are included, and IES’s requirements in terms of energy efficiency, economy, and emissions are considered. We established an IES model for multi-objective optimal dispatch, and simulated cooling/heating/electric multiple load variations in it; then we established multiple objective functions based on IES’s scheduling requirements in terms of energy efficiency, economy, environmental issues. The model is solved by finding the pareto front based on genetic algorithm (GA), so that the decision makers can filter out the scheduling plan based on their preference, in which single-objective optimization is used first to find out the initial population for GA. Finally, the proposed method’s effectiveness is verified by case studies.

To determine the characteristics and potential practical applications of glossy cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) mutants, five different glossy mutants were studied. The amount of epicuticular wax covering the mutant leaves was only approximately 30% that of the wild-type (WT) leaves. The wax crystals of WT plants were columnar and linear, while they were granular and rod-shaped in the mutants. Additionally, in WT cabbage, the primary wax components were alkanes, alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, and aldehydes. There was a significant decrease in the abundance of alkanes and ketones in the wax of the mutants. The glossy-green trait of the mutants may be the result of an inhibited alkane-forming pathway. Higher rates of chlorophyll leaching and water loss demonstrate that the mutant leaves were more permeable and sensitive to drought stress than the WT leaves. Growth curve results indicated that the growth rate of mutant-1 and mutant-3 was slower than that of the corresponding WT cabbage, resulting in shorter plants. However, the growth rate of mutant-2 was not influenced by the lack of coating wax. An investigation of the agronomic traits and heterosis of the glossy cabbage mutants indicated that all five mutants had glossy-green leaves, which was a favorable characteristic. The F1 plants derived from crosses involving mutant-2 exhibited obvious heterosis, suggesting the observed glossy-green trait is controlled by a dominant gene. Therefore, mutant-2 may be useful as a source of genetic material for future cabbage breeding experiments.

In this paper, the definition and the key features of Software Radar, which is a new concept, are proposed and discussed. We consider the development of modern radar system technology to be divided into three stages: Digital Radar, Software radar and Intelligent Radar, and the second stage is just commencing now. A Software Radar system should be a combination of various modern digital modular components conformed to certain software and hardware standards. Moreover, a software radar system with an open system architecture supporting to decouple application software and low level hardware would be easy to adopt "user requirements-oriented" developing methodology instead of traditional "specific function-oriented" developing methodology. Compared with traditional Digital Radar, Software Radar system can be easily reconfigured and scaled up or down to adapt to the changes of requirements and technologies. A demonstration Software Radar signal processing system, RadarLab 2.0, which has been developed by Tsinghua University, is introduced in this paper and the suggestions for the future development of Software Radar in China are also given in the conclusion.

In order to determine the motor drive motion of intermittent chain transmission,the recursive modeling approach based on relative coordinates in Recur Dyn is studied.Combining with permanent magnet synchronous motor model,the dynamics model of intermittent chain transmission system and motor model are established in Recur Dyn and Matlab / Simulink separately,and the correctness of the two models are verified.Using Recur Dyn / control module to combine with both,mechatronic simulation is carried out under three kinematic law of intermittent motion.The simulation results show that,compared to modification constant velocity（ MCV） kinematic law,modification sine（ MS） and modification trapezoid（ MT） kinematic law for intermittent drive is better,and MT kinematic law can give motor higher torque store margin and lower overload requirements.

Zero Memory NonLinearity (ZMNL) and Spherically Invariant Random Process (SIRP) are two commonly used methods in K-distribution clutter simulations. An improved simulation method, which adds abranch of Gamma-distributed variable and extends the shape parameter to arbitrary positive real, is proposed to address the clutter simulation error in the conventional ZMNL method. To reduce the computation required for the conventional SIRP method, an improved method of modulation variable generation is also proposed, what avoids large computations for solving nonlinear equations and improves the simulation speed. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the improved methods.