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In order to solve the problem of missing detection and false detection caused by the inaccuracy of motion feature extraction in the existing video key frame extraction algorithms, a reinforcement learning and feature fusion for key frame extraction algorithm and video stream classification is proposed. The fusion features are obtained by combining the original statistical features via S-GCN and ResNet50 network. Some fusion features are more effective than the original statistical features. Therefore, in order to extract useful information for classification, the original features and fusion features are combined to produce composite features. At the same time, the number of features increases and there are redundant and irrelevant features. Embedded feature selection method and random forest classifier are used to select the best feature subset. Finally, the attention mechanism is used to calculate the importance of video frames, and reinforcement learning is used to extract and optimize key frames. The experimental results show that the new algorithm can solve the problem of error detection in the key frame extraction of motion video, and performs well in the detection of video frames containing key actions. The algorithm has high accuracy and strong stability.

Abstract Objective Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is considered as the strongest predictor of Parkinson's disease (PD). Reliable and accurate biomarkers for iRBD detection and the prediction of phenoconversion are in urgent need. This study aimed to investigate whether α‐Synuclein (α‐Syn) species in plasma neuron‐derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) could differentiate between iRBD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Nanoscale flow cytometry was used to detect α‐Syn‐containing NDEVs in plasma. Results A total of 54 iRBD patients and 53 HCs were recruited. The concentrations of total α‐Syn, α‐Syn aggregates, and phosphorylated α‐Syn at Ser129 (pS129)‐containing NDEVs in plasma of iRBD individuals were significantly higher than those in HCs (p

Abstract In recent years, the rapid proliferation of digital services and resources on Industrial Internet has imposed higher demands on universality and privacy of identity management. Particularly with the advent of the digital economy, prudent users are urged to maintain control over their digital identity credentials. However, traditional identity management methods have failed to meet this requirement and thus have been prone to raise users' concerns about potential financial loss. Specifically, conventional identity management systems(IDMS) have been plagued by imperceptible privacy disclosure, which derives from the flaws in single points of failure, excessive disclosure, correlation analysis, traceability, and revocation. The emerging Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) architecture aims to tackle these issues and is propelling the evolution of privacy-enhanced distributed identity management. To this end, we proposed a privacy-enhanced distributed identity management scheme with sequential aggregate issuance, threshold traceability and revocability in the setting of multiple credential issuers and regulators. We adopted the Decentralized identifiers(DIDs) and verifiable credentials(VCs) based on the SSI architecture to ensure the hierarchical identity authentication. The security and performance analysis shows that our proposal achieves the desired design goals and is feasible for distributed Industrial Internet.

Abstract Background Enzalutamide (Enz) resistance is a poor prognostic factor for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which often involves aberrant expression of the androgen receptor (AR). Myosin VI (MYO6), one member of the myosin family, plays an important role in regulating cell survival and is highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa). However, whether MYO6 is involved in Enz resistance in CRPC and its mechanism remain unclear. Methods Multiple open-access databases were utilized to examine the relationship between MYO6 expression and PCa progression, and to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and potential signaling pathways associated with the MYO6-regulated Enz resistance. Both in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis assays were employed to examine the impact of MYO6 on the growth and Enz resistance of PCa cells. Human PCa tissues and related clinical biochemical data were utilized to identify the role of MYO6 in promoting PCa progression and Enz resistance. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of gene expression, PCa progression, and Enz resistance in CRPC by MYO6 were investigated. Results MYO6 expression increases in patients with PCa and is positively correlated with AR expression in PCa cell lines and tissues. Overexpression of AR increases MYO6 expression to promote PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and to inhibit PCa cell apoptosis; whereas knockdown of MYO6 expression reverses these outcomes and enhances Enz function in suppressing the proliferation of the Enz- sensitive and resistant PCa cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, AR binds directly to the promoter region (residues − 503 to − 283 base pairs) of MYO6 gene and promotes its transcription. Furthermore, MYO6 activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation at tyrosine-397 through integrin beta 8 (ITGB8) modulation to promote PCa progression and Enz resistance. Notably, inhibition of FAK activity by Y15, an inhibitor of FAK, can resensitize CRPC cells to Enz treatment in cell lines and mouse xenograft models. Conclusions MYO6 has pro-tumor and Enz-resistant effects in CRPC, suggesting that targeting MYO6 may be beneficial for ENZ-resistant CRPC therapy through the AR/MYO6/FAK signaling pathway.

Long-term navigation ability based on consumer-level wearable inertial sensors plays an essential role towards various emerging fields, for instance, smart healthcare, emergency rescue, soldier positioning et al. The performance of existing long-term navigation algorithm is limited by the cumulative error of inertial sensors, disturbed local magnetic field, and complex motion modes of the pedestrian. This paper develops a robust data and physical model dual-driven based trajectory estimation (DPDD-TE) framework, which can be applied for long-term navigation tasks. A Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) based quasi-static magnetic field (QSMF) detection algorithm is developed for extracting useful magnetic observation for heading calibration, and another Bi-LSTM is adopted for walking speed estimation by considering hybrid human motion information under a specific time period. In addition, a data and physical model dual-driven based multi-source fusion model is proposed to integrate basic INS mechanization and multi-level constraint and observations for maintaining accuracy under long-term navigation tasks, and enhanced by the magnetic and trajectory features assisted loop detection algorithm. Real-world experiments indicate that the proposed DPDD-TE outperforms than existing algorithms, and final estimated heading and positioning accuracy indexes reaches 5° and less than 2 m under the time period of 30 min, respectively.

Peach gum polysaccharides have multiple biological functions, such as anti-oxidation, blood lipids reduction, and immune protection. However, their impact on the gut microbiota was still unclear. Here, high throughput sequencing was used to study the regulatory effects of peach gum polysaccharide on gut microbiota using an in vitro fermentation model of human gut microbiota. The results showed that gut microbiota species increased significantly and α-diversity index (Sobs, Ace, Chao1, Shannon) decreased significantly after polysaccharide fermentation compared with control group (distilled water). At phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinomyces increased (61.76% vs. 56.64%, 28.24% vs. 23.11%). In contrast, relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased significantly (8.10% vs. 19.21%). At genus level, the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria, Colinella and Parazobacteria increased significantly (21.43% vs. 19.08%, 6.32% vs. 3.73%, 6.37% vs. 0.00%), while the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotella decreased significantly (3.83% vs. 5.52%, 3.49% vs. 12.15%). Precisely, peach gum polysaccharide can effectively regulate the structure of gut microbiota and has potential probiotic effects including anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, maintenance of gut epithelial barrier and so on.

Abstract The effect of circumference and displacement of the third fracture fragment on fracture healing after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures with a third fracture fragment was investigated. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data of 142 patients who suffered femoral shaft fractures with a third fracture fragment and were admitted to the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang from February 2016 to December 2021. According to the circumference of the third fracture fragments, these were divided into three types of type 1: 71 cases; type 2: 52 cases; and type 3: 19 cases. On the basis of the diaphyseal diameter, the degree of displacement of the third fracture fragment was classified into three degrees of degree I: 95 cases; degree II: 31 cases; and degree III: 16 cases. Postoperative follow-up was performed to compare the fracture healing rate, healing time, and the modified Radiographic Union Scale for Tibia (mRUST) at 9th month after surgery in each group. All 142 patients were followed up after operation, with an average of (14.7 ± 4.1) months, and the overall healing rate was 73.4%. When the third fracture fragments were displaced in degree II and III, the mRUST score at 9th month in the type 1 group was higher than that in the type 2 and 3 groups (P = 0.017). Logistic regression analysis showed that greater displacement of third fracture fragments and greater circumference were associated with lower fracture healing rates (P

Introduction: Morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes/red blood cells (RBCs), e.g., increased acanthocytes, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been reported previously, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be characterized. In this study, the potential roles of α-synuclein (α-syn), a protein critically involved in PD and highly abundant in RBCs, were studied in PD patients as well as in a PD mouse model. Methods: Transgenic [PAC-Tg (SNCAA53T), A53T] mice overexpressing A53T mutant α-syn and SNCA knockout mice were employed to characterize the effect of α-syn on RBC morphology. In addition to A53T and SNCA knockout mice, the morphology of RBCs of PD patients was also examined using scanning electron microscopy. The potential roles of α-syn were further investigated in cultured RBCs and mice. Results: Morphological abnormalities of RBCs and increased accumulation of aggregated α-syn on the RBC membrane were observed in PD patients. A similar phenomenon was also observed in A53T mice. Furthermore, while mice lacking α-syn expression showed a lower proportion of acanthocytes, treating RBCs derived from SNCA knockout mice with aggregated α-syn resulted in a higher percentage of acanthocytes. In a follow-up proteomic investigation, several major classes of proteins were identified as α-syn-associated proteins on the RBC membrane, seven of which were calcium-binding proteins. Applying aggregated α-syn to the RBC membrane directly induced extracellular calcium influx along with morphological changes; both observations were adequately reversed by blocking calcium influx. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that α-syn plays a critical role in PD-associated morphological abnormalities of RBCs, at least partially via a process mediated by extracellular calcium influx.

Abstract The current research focuses on the effects of nutritional supplementation and exercise on dialysis patients, but whether physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of adverse outcomes for patients with different nutritional status is not clear. The maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients were recruited from April 2021 to April 2022. The information of PA was obtained from the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The outcomes were cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, tumor and all-cause death. We used COX proportional risk model to estimate the association between PA and the outcomes of MHD patients. Patients are classified into two groups based on geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and classified by age, and we used COX proportional risk model to estimate the association of PA and outcomes in subgroups. The isotemporal substitution model (ISM) was used to estimate the effects of replacing light physical activity (LPA) with moderate physical activity (MPA) or vigorous physical activity (VPA) on risk of cardiovascular events, tumors, and all-cause death in different subgroups. The effects of PA on ankle-brachial index (ABI) and body fat content were analyzed in different IPAQ groups. A total of 241 maintenance hemodialysis patients were included, 105 peoples developed cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, tumor and all-cause death (43.6%). The median follow-up time was 12 months. MPA reduced the risk of outcome in MHD patients or high GNRI patients (40% vs 39%).In MHD patients who was under 65 years with high GNRI, MPA reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, tumor and all-cause death by 55%.PA reduced the risk of cardiovascular event by 65%, but did not reduce the risk of tumor or all-cause death. Replacing LPA with VPA did not improve clinical outcomes. It actually increases the risk of heart failure 0.4%. MPA reduced the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, tumor, all-cause death in MHD patients under 65 years, while VPA had no health benefit. Trial registration: ChiCTR210050998.

BackgroundStereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), as a minimally invasive method that can stably collect intracranial electroencephalographic information over long periods, has increasingly been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of intractable epilepsy in recent years. Over the past 20 years, with the advancement of materials science and computer science, the application scenarios of SEEG have greatly expanded. Bibliometrics, as a method of scientifically analyzing published literature, can summarize the evolutionary process in the SEEG field and offer insights into its future development prospects.MethodsThis article selected all the literature records retrieved on November 4, 2024, from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The search terms were as follows: “Stereo-electroencephalography” or “Stereo electroencephalography” or “Stereo-EEG” or “Stereo EEG” or “SEEG.” The document types included were research articles and reviews. For analysis, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package “bibliometrix” were employed to analyze various aspects of the SEEG field, including authors, institutions, countries and regions, and research hotspots.ResultsWe reviewed a total of 1,383 non-duplicate literature records from 2002 to 2023, including 1,241 research articles, 116 review articles and 26 letters. Observing the annual publication trends, there has been an overall increase since 2002. The most influential journal in this field is Epilepsia. Other journals with considerable impact include Clinical Neurophysiology, Epileptic Disorders, Epilepsy Research, NeuroImage, and Epilepsy & Behavior. The top 5 most influential scholars are Bartolomei F, Tassi L, Nobili L, Russo GL, and Mc Gonigal A. As for the analysis of countries and regions, France occupies a leading position in this field with its early start, while China and the United States have also emerged as focal points since 2020. Research on SEEG has expanded beyond its initial use for localizing epileptic foci and thermo-coagulation treatments and have been employed as a medium to facilitate real-time prediction of epileptic seizures and enabling the exploration of brain network connectivity.ConclusionAs a minimally invasive tool for collecting intracranial electroencephalographic signals, SEEG continues to offer vast potential for development and application. Advances in electrode materials and robotic-assisted stereotactic techniques, have enabled SEEG to simultaneously sample multiple brain regions, acquire electrical signals from deep brain structures. These advantages significantly enhance the precision of epileptic focus localization in diagnosis and treatment, addressing the limitations of subdural electrodes. Through bibliometric analysis, this paper traces the developmental trajectory of SEEG and identifying key technological milestones, thereby providing a reference for scholarly research directions.

Age has a significant impact on goat meat flavor. However, reporting the effects of age on free amino acid (FAAs), lipid profiles and aromas of goat meat is limited. Here, the FAAs, lipid profiles and aromas in the Chongming white goat with 12 months and 24 months were investigated in this study. A total 1164 lipids were identified using lipidomics, including 31 subclasses. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that 201 lipids had significant changes, FFA, TG and DG increased with goat age. Furthermore, the pathway analysis indicated that glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism were the key pathways that relate to lipid profile changes during goat growth. Thirty-five volatile compounds were identified, among them, 14 aromas with odor activity value greater than 1 were considered as potential characteristic aroma compounds of Chongming white goat meat. These findings reveal the FAAs, lipids, and aromas profiles in Chongming white goat meat are affected by age, which provides a basis for improving goat meat flavor.

IntroductionDanwei communities are a testament to China’s socialist urban development, characterized by the self-sufficiency, strong social networks, and institutional management. In the historical context of urban development in China, many old communities have evolved from former housing areas of Danwei. After more than 40 years of use, the buildings, and environments in the old Danwei communities remain in disrepair, dirty, disorderly and poor condition. Many functions have failed that negatively affect the quality of life and health of residents. After Covid-19, improving the mental health of residents has become a major goal of public policies in various countries.MethodsTo explore the residents’ mental health in the micro-renewal, this study carried out a survey regarding residents’ evaluation on the micro-renewal and their mental health in two renewed Danwei communities in Hengyang, China. More than 800 respondents joined the interview, among them, 634 samples are effective for analysis. Entropy-TOPSIS is applied to analyze the weights of various indicators of micro-renewal. And multinominal logit model is used to examine the relationship between the personal factors, satisfaction on various items of micro-renewal and mental health.Results and DiscussionThe findings indicates that the mental health level of residents living in Danwei community is affected by micro-renewal. The socio-demographic characteristics and behavior factors can influence on the possibility of being in different levels of mental health. The satisfaction on the components of micro-renewal and improvements after micro-renewal is also determiner of residents’ mental health level. In addition, the heterogeneity is address in mental health.

Summary: Background: Essential tremor (ET) significantly impacts patients' daily lives and quality of life, presenting a considerable challenge in clinical practice. In recent years, novel therapeutic regimens have been investigated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study aims to investigate and evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of various therapeutic interventions for ET. Methods: We did a systematic review and Bayesian Model-based Network Meta-analysis (NMA) of RCTs. Following PRISMA-NMA guidelines, a comprehensive database search was conducted up to April 1, 2024 to identify RCTs focused on ET treatments. The Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method was utilized for the analysis, evaluating the relative efficacy and safety of treatments using standardized mean difference (SMD) and log odds ratios (log ORs), respectively. Additionally, the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) was applied to assess the relative efficacy of the treatment modalities. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023415752. Findings: This study included 33 RCTs involving 1251 patients, covering 19 oral medication treatments and six non-oral medication treatments. NMA showed that deep brain stimulation (DBS) (SMD = −4.93; 95% CI: [−7.73, −2.13]), CX-8998 (SMD = −2.69; 95% CI: [−5.26, −0.14]), atenolol (SMD = −2.36; 95% CI: [−4.70, −0.10]), and propranolol (SMD = −1.59; 95% CI: [−2.25, −0.67]) showed relative efficacy compared to placebo, with DBS demonstrating relative efficacy compared to 15 other treatment methods. However, GRADE assessment indicated that the evidence level for these conclusions was “low” or “very low.” According to SUCRA rankings, DBS (0.97) ranked first in relative efficacy, followed by CX-8998 (0.80), thalamotomy (0.79), atenolol (0.76), metoprolol (0.66), propranolol (0.64), magnetic resonance guided focus ultrasound (MR-FUS) (0.624), ICI-118551 (0.620), nimodipine (0.61) and phenobarbitone (0.59). In terms of safety, as a network graph could not be constructed, DBS and thalamotomy were excluded from the NMA, while other effective treatments showed no significant differences in safety compared to placebo. Interpretation: Our study results indicate that CX-8998, propranolol, and atenolol demonstrate relative efficacy and safety in treating ET. DBS is effective for medication-resistant ET and ranks first in relative efficacy, though our NMA lacks safety data for DBS. Given the low overall grade of evidence, these results should be applied cautiously in clinical practice. Further large-scale, head-to-head RCTs are needed. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82271459).

Nearshore water-level prediction has a substantial impact on the daily lives of coastal residents, fishing operations, and disaster prevention and mitigation. Compared to the limitations and high costs of traditional empirical forecasts and numerical models for nearshore water-level prediction, data-driven artificial intelligence methods can more efficiently predict water levels. Attention mechanisms have recently shown great potential in natural language processing and video prediction. Convolutional long short-term memory(ConvLSTM) combines the advantages of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term Memory (LSTM), enabling more effective data feature extraction. Therefore, this study proposes a ConvLSTM nearshore water level prediction model that incorporates an attention mechanism. The ConvLSTM model extracts multiscale information from historical water levels, and the attention mechanism enhances the importance of key features, thereby improving the prediction accuracy and timeliness. The model structure was determined through experiments and relevant previous studies using five years of water level data from the Zhuhai Tide Station and the surrounding wind speed and rainfall data for training and evaluation. The results indicate that this model outperforms the four other baseline models of PCCs, RMSE, and MAE, effectively predicting future water levels at nearshore stations up to 48 h in advance. Compared to the ConvLSTM model, the model with the attention mechanism showed an average improvement of approximately 10% on the test set, with a greater error reduction in short-term forecasts than that in long-term forecasts. During Typhoon Higos, the model reduced the MAE of the best-performing baseline model by approximately 3.2 and 2.4 cm for the 6- and 24-hour forecasts, respectively, decreasing forecast errors by approximately 18% and 11%, effectively enhancing the ability of the model to forecast storm surges. This method provides a new approach for forecasting nearshore tides and storm surges.

The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics. In recent decades, plant-derived feed additives have been widely investigated as antibiotic alternatives for use in animal health and production because they exert multiple biological functions and are less likely to induce resistance development. This review summarizes the research history and classification of phytogenic feed additives and their main functions, potential modes of action, influencing factors, and potential negative effects. Further, we highlight the challenges in developing sustainable, safe, and affordable plant-derived antibiotic alternatives for use in livestock production.

Abstract Background The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), characterized by an increase in species richness from the poles to the equator, is one of the most pervasive biological patterns. However, inverse LDGs, in which species richness peaks in extratropical regions, are also found in some lineages and their causes remain unclear. Here, we test the roles of evolutionary time, diversification rates, and niche conservatism in explaining the inverse LDG of Potentilla (ca. 500 species). We compiled the global distributions of ~ 90% of Potentilla species, and reconstructed a robust phylogenetic framework based on whole-plastome sequences. Next, we analyzed the divergence time, ancestral area, diversification rate, and ancestral niche to investigate the macroevolutionary history of Potentilla. Results The genus originated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the late Eocene and gradually spread to other regions of the Northern Hemisphere posterior to the late Miocene. Rapid cooling after the late Pliocene promoted the radiating diversification of Potentilla. The polyploidization, as well as some cold-adaptive morphological innovations, enhanced the adaptation of Potentilla species to the cold environment. Ancestral niche reconstruction suggests that Potentilla likely originated in a relatively cool environment. The species richness peaks at approximately 45 °N, a region characterized by high diversification rates, and the environmental conditions are similar to the ancestral climate niche. Evolutionary time was not significantly correlated with species richness in the latitudinal gradient. Conclusions Our results suggest that the elevated diversification rates in middle latitude regions and the conservatism in thermal niches jointly determined the inverse LDG in Potentilla. This study highlights the importance of integrating evolutionary and ecological approaches to explain the diversity pattern of biological groups on a global scale.

Abstract Background Bladder cancer (BCa) stands out as a prevalent and highly lethal malignancy worldwide. Chemoresistance significantly contributes to cancer recurrence and progression. Traditional Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage and molecular subtypes often fail to promptly identify treatment preferences based on sensitivity. Methods In this study, we developed a prognostic signature for BCa with uni-Cox + LASSO + multi-Cox survival analysis in multiple independent cohorts. Six machine learning algorithms were adopted to screen out the hub gene, RAC3. IHC staining was used to validate the expression of RAC3 in BCa tumor tissue. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to detect and quantify the mRNA and protein levels of RAC3. CCK8, colony formation, wound healing, and flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis were employed to determine cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Molecular docking was used to find small target drugs, PIK-75. 3D cell viability assay was applied to evaluate the ATP viability of bladder cancer organoids before and after PIK-75 treated. Results The established clinical prognostic model, GIRS, comprises 13 genes associated with gemcitabine resistance and immunology. This model has demonstrated robust predictive capabilities for survival outcomes across various independent public cohorts. Additionally, the GIRS signature shows significant correlations with responses to both immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Leveraging machine learning algorithms, the hub gene, RAC3, was identified, and potential upstream transcription factors were screened through database analysis. IHC results showed that RAC3 was higher expressed in GEM-resistant BCa patients. Employing molecular docking, the small molecule drug PIK-75, as binding to RAC3, was identified. Experiments on cell lines, organoids and animals validated the biological effects of PIK-75 in bladder cancer. Conclusions The GIRS signature offers a valuable complement to the conventional anatomic TNM staging system and molecular subtype stratification in bladder cancer. The hub gene, RAC3, plays a crucial role in BCa and is significantly associated with resistance to gemcitabine. The small molecular drug, PIK-75 having the potential as a therapeutic agent in the context of gemcitabine-resistant and immune-related pathways.

ABSTRACT The widespread sulfonamide resistance genes sul1, sul2, and sul3 in food and gut bacteria have attracted considerable attention. In this study, we assessed the in vivo fitness of sul gene-dependent sulfonamide-resistant Escherichia coli, using a murine model. High fitness costs were incurred for sul1 and sul3 gene-dependent E. coli strains in vivo. A fitness advantage was found in three of the eight mice after intragastric administration of sul2 gene-dependent E. coli strains. We isolated three compensatory mutant strains (CMSs) independently from three mice that outcompeted the parent strain P2 in vivo. Whole-genome sequencing revealed seven identical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations in the three CMSs compared with strain P2, an additional SNP mutation in strain S2-2, and two additional SNP mutations in strain S2-3. Furthermore, tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed abundant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the CMSs compared with P2. Of these, seven key fitness-related DEPs distributed in two-component systems, galactose and tryptophan metabolism pathways, were verified using parallel reaction monitoring analysis. The DEPs in the CMSs influenced bacterial motility, environmental stress tolerance, colonization ability, carbohydrate utilization, cell morphology maintenance, and chemotaxis to restore fitness costs and adapt to the mammalian gut environment.IMPORTANCESulfonamides are traditional synthetic antimicrobial agents used in clinical and veterinary medical settings. Their long-term excessive overuse has resulted in widespread microbial resistance, limiting their application for medical interventions. Resistance to sulfonamides is primarily conferred by the alternative genes sul1, sul2, and sul3 encoding dihydropteroate synthase in bacteria. Studying the potential fitness cost of these sul genes is crucial for understanding the evolution and transmission of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria. In vitro studies have been conducted on the fitness cost of sul genes in bacteria. In this study, we provide critical insights into bacterial adaptation and transmission using an in vivo approach.

Reducing CO2 emissions represents a global challenge, and the mobility sectors account for a considerable portion of total emissions, with marked disparities across diverse economies. Viewed from a macroscopic perspective, countries and regions around the world can be categorized in various ways. However, relying on a single or a few indicators often proves inadequate to meet the classification requirements for carbon reduction and sustainable development. In this study, employing machine learning and guided by 10 economic indicators, we classified 188 countries/regions into 6 identifiable clusters. Subsequently, by applying ratio analysis and random forest methodologies, we conducted a matrix-based analysis that elucidates the distinct emission characteristics of each mobility sector. Feature importance analysis revealed that for highly developed economies, the total population's contribution was significant, especially in domestic and international aviation, accounting for 50% and 25% of emissions, respectively. In contrast, for lower-middle-income countries and regions, while the total population still played a pivotal role, its influence was most pronounced in railway transportation, reaching 67%. For rapidly developing economies, domestic aviation emissions reached a peak influence of 61%. These insights emphasize the necessity for strategies tailored to the unique attributes of economic entities.

Though the use of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is strictly restricted worldwide, PFAS have been increasingly detected in aqueous environment with high human exposure risk. Effective PFAS remediation requires the simultaneous concentration and decomposition of these compounds from dilute solutions, presenting a significant challenge. The present work evaluated the suitability of layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials, promising adsorbents for anionic pollutants, for the removal of long-chain and short-chain PFAS in micro-polluted water. Additionally, it explored their potential for PFAS degradation after modification. The results suggested that LDH adsorbents have limited ability to extract short-chain PFAS such as perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) from water matrices, especially in dilute solutions. Although organic modification of LDHs could enhance their uptake efficacy on PFAS, it cannot improve the decomposition of PFAS. Innovatively, a composite featuring zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles coupled with LDH was developed, in which the nanoscale ZVI core is coated with LDH to adsorb and decompose perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) synergistically. Characterization of the composite showed that LDH coating not only hinders the aggregation of ZVI particles, but also reduces the passivation of ZVI. The PFOA removal efficacy of the composite can be further facilitated in acid environment. By-product analysis revealed that the composite decomposed PFOA mainly through decarboxylation and formation of unstable alcohol.

To solve security issues arising from multiple attackable vulnerabilities and key leakage in BACnet/IP authentication, a security-enhanced BACnet/IP-SA protocol authentication scheme was proposed.By analyzing the authentication message flow model of the protocol and modeling it using colored Petri net theory and CPN Tools, vulnerabilities in the security of BACnet/IP were identified.An improvement scheme was proposed based on the Dolev-Yao attacker model and formal analysis method.The BACnet/IP-SA protocol utilized the device’s pseudo-identity to safeguard the actual identity information.It emploied the PUF response for authentication and verified the authenticity of the counterparty’s identity.The session key was generated through the authentication value of the multi-information set.The protocol’s security was demonstrated by combining BAN logic and non-formal methods.The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively resist security threats from multi-class attacks and key leakage, enhancing the security of the protocol authentication while reducing computational overhead.

Pedestrian positioning system (PPS) using wearable inertial sensors has wide applications towards various emerging fields such as smart healthcare, emergency rescue, soldier positioning, etc. The performance of traditional PPS is limited by the cumulative error of inertial sensors, complex motion modes of pedestrians, and the low robustness of the multi-sensor collaboration structure. This paper presents a hybrid pedestrian positioning system using the combination of wearable inertial sensors and ultrasonic ranging (H-PPS). A robust two nodes integration structure is developed to adaptively combine the motion data acquired from the single waist-mounted and foot-mounted node, and enhanced by a novel ellipsoid constraint model. In addition, a deep-learning-based walking speed estimator is proposed by considering all the motion features provided by different nodes, which effectively reduces the cumulative error originating from inertial sensors. Finally, a comprehensive data and model dual-driven model is presented to effectively combine the motion data provided by different sensor nodes and walking speed estimator, and multi-level constraints are extracted to further improve the performance of the overall system. Experimental results indicate that the proposed H-PPS significantly improves the performance of the single PPS and outperforms existing algorithms in accuracy index under complex indoor scenarios.

Abstract Due to the anonymous and contract transfer nature of blockchain cryptocurrencies, they are susceptible to fraudulent incidents such as phishing. This poses a threat to the property security of users and hinders the healthy development of the entire blockchain community. While numerous studies have been conducted on identifying cryptocurrency phishing users, there is a lack of research that integrates class imbalance and transaction time characteristics. This paper introduces a novel graph neural network-based account identification model called CT-GCN+, which utilizes blockchain cryptocurrency phishing data. It incorporates an imbalanced data processing module for graphs to consider cryptocurrency transaction time. The model initially extracts time characteristics from the transaction graph using LSTM and Attention mechanisms. These time characteristics are then fused with underlying features, which are subsequently inputted into a combined SMOTE and GCN model for phishing user classification. Experimental results demonstrate that the CT-GCN+ model achieves a phishing user identification accuracy of 97.22% and a phishing user identification area under the curve of 96.67%. This paper presents a valuable approach to phishing detection research within the blockchain and cryptocurrency ecosystems.

Abstract Industrial data trading can considerably enhance the economic and social value of abundant data resources. However, traditional data trading models are plagued by critical flaws in fairness, security, privacy and regulation. To tackle the above issues, we first proposed a distributed industrial data trading architecture based on blockchain and cloud for multiple data owners. Subsequently, we realized implemented distributed identity management by the distributed verifiable credentials scheme that possesses the desirable properties, i.e., selective disclosure, multi-show unlinkability, threshold traceability, and public verifiability. Finally, we presented a fair trading mechanism without trusted third parties based on smart contracts, and we employed blockchain and multi-signature to ensure data integrity during data storage and trading. The security and performance analysis shows that our proposal is feasible for sensitive data trading for multiple data owners and provides a useful exploration for future industrial data trading and management.

Presently, with the increase in the operating speed of a train, the off-line phenomenon of its pantograph and the contact wire occurs intermittently, which affects the quality of its receiving current. In this paper, a distributed parameter-based Habedank arc model for a fully parallel AT power supply network is developed to examine the electrical characteristics under the typical operating conditions, including the normal travel and entry/exit stations. The incorporation of the train acceleration parameter facilitates further enhancement of the Habedank arc model and the equivalent dynamic resistance, also validating them. The results show that the off-line discharge arc voltage of the train pantograph and the locomotive voltage waveform during the overcurrent phase separation interval show a decreasing and increasing trend respectively when entering and leaving the station. Due to the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the arc, the overall waveform contains many harmonics. The advantage of this model is that it is a simple, rapid, and highly accurate method for constructing an off-line discharge circuit model of the pantograph and catenary (PAC) under the working conditions. This paper introduces a novel approach to studying the electrical characteristics of the PAC discharge model with distributed parameters in a fully parallel AT power supply network. Also, it considers the effects of the operational conditions of the train, such as the entering and leaving stations, on the discharge characteristics. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the identification of the electrical characteristics and protection of a PAC equipment during the operation of the train under the working conditions.

The off-line discharge between the pantograph and catenary (PAC) occurs frequently in the actual operation of an electric locomotive, which affects the quality of the received current and the service life of the pantograph. The current experiments on the off-line discharge between the PAC are mainly low-power ones and the models established are static. To study the electrical behaviors during the PAC relative motion under the actual working conditions, in this paper, the voltage and current of the contact wire (CW) during its motion are measured. And the electrical behaviors during the rise, fall and reciprocating motions of the pantograph are investigated by combining a finite element method (FEM) model based on the magnetohydrodynamics with the auto transformer (AT) traction network circuit and moving mesh method. It is found that the harmonic frequencies are mainly in the range of 0-30 MHz. The voltage distortion is more obvious during the fall of the pantograph. And the negative polarity spike pulse has a larger amplitude and occurs more frequently. The novelty of this paper lies in the experimental test with the high current and high power, as well as the systematic analysis of the electrical behaviors and multi-physical field evolution during the motion of the pantograph under the working conditions. Its contribution is to present an effective method to study the dynamic behaviors of the PAC. The research results can provide an important reference for the identification of the electrical characteristics of the PAC and the protection of the PAC equipment.

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties at the interface of Incoloy825/X65 bimetallic composite pipe achieved by explosive welding were systematically studied. Results show that a periodic wavy bonding interface was formed between the Incoloy825 and X65 due to the jets caused by the high-impact stresses during explosive welding, which was beneficial for improving the bonding strength of the Incoloy825 and X65. Atomic diffusion and localized melting occurred near the interface during explosive welding. Some fine crystal grains were generated in the vicinity of the interface due to the strong plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization, whereas some elongated grains growing in the perpendicular direction to the interface were found in the wider localized melted zone. Room temperature nanoindentation test showed that due to the existence of fine grains resulting from the recrystallization at the interface, the hardness of the interface was higher than that of the base metals. Voids and defects were prone to appearing in the vortex regions near the interface, where the weak point in the interface was located.

This study explores the role of transactive memory capability as a mediator in the relationship between social media usage and job performance. Drawing on transactive memory theory, we hypothesized that individuals who use social media more intensively for task-oriented purposes and relationship building are more likely to develop transactive memory capability, which in turn enhances their job performance. A survey was conducted among 816 employees in China from various industries to collect data on their social media usage patterns, transactive memory capability, and job performance. Results from structural equation modeling indicate that social media usage has a positive impact on job performance. Additionally, transactive memory capability mediates the relationship between social media usage and job performance. This study has contribution in literature by demonstrating the beneficial effects of social media usage on the development of transactive memory capability and job performance. It is suggested that social media usage can be used a valuable tool for enhancing performance of employees. Employees should gain an understanding of how social media fosters the development of transactive memory capability to utilize it more effectively. These findings also suggest that the way individuals use social media can influence their ability to access and share knowledge within their social networks, ultimately impacting their job performance.

ObjectiveMesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a complex neurological disorder that has been recognized as a widespread global network disorder. The group-level structural covariance network (SCN) could reveal the structural connectivity disruption of the mTLE but could not reflect the heterogeneity at the individual level.MethodsThis study adopted a recently proposed individual structural covariance network (IDSCN) method to clarify the alternated structural covariance connection mode in mTLE and to associate IDSCN features with the clinical manifestations and regional brain atrophy.ResultsWe found significant IDSCN abnormalities in the ipsilesional hippocampus, ipsilesional precentral gyrus, bilateral caudate, and putamen in mTLE patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, the IDSCNs of these areas were positively correlated with the gray matter atrophy rate. Finally, we identified several connectivities with weak associations with disease duration, frequency, and surgery outcome.SignificanceOur research highlights the role of hippo-thalamic-basal-cortical circuits in the pathophysiologic process of disrupted whole-brain morphological covariance networks in mTLE, and builds a bridge between brain-wide covariance network changes and regional brain atrophy.

This study provides new data on Potentilla asterotricha, a species endemic to China. The species was described in Gansu province without specific information on locations, collectors, or date of collection. It is not given in “Flora of China”. Additional herbarium materials we discovered in KUN, PE and WUK allowed us to significantly expand the information about this enigmatic taxon. It turned out that its classic habitat is Erlang Mountain in the south of Gansu province in Min County. Based on the presence of stellate hairs in the pubescence, P. asterotricha is assigned here to the section Fasciculato-pilosae. The closest species to it is P. acaulis, from which it differs in the presence of pinnate leaves in the basal rosette. Photos of the leaf blade and pubescence of P. asterotricha under a microscope, as well as a scanned image of its herbarium specimen, are presented. The map shows the distribution of the taxon under study and its putative parent species. The southern border of the P. acaulis range has been identified.

Abstract Background Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are commonly at high risk for developing cognitive dysfunction. Antidiabetic agents might be repurposed for targeting cognitive dysfunction in addition to modulation on glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) on cognitive function in T2DM. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were systematically searched from inception to September 30, 2023. Weighted mean differences were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) fixed or random effects model based on the degree of heterogeneity among studies. Heterogeneity was evaluated using a Chi-squared test and quantified with Higgins I2. Sensitivity analysis was performed with the leave-one-out method, and publication bias was evaluated according to Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Results Six clinical trials involving 5,178 participants were included in the pooled analysis. Administration of DPP-4i generally correlated with an increase of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (1.09, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.96). DPP-4i alleviated cognitive impairment in the copying skill subdomain of MMSE (0.26, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.40). Treatment with DPP-4i also resulted in an increase of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scores (0.82, 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.34). However, DPP-4i produced no significant effects on Barthel Activities of Daily Living (BADL) scores (0.37, 95% CI: -1.26 to 1.99) or other test scores. Conclusions DPP-4i treatment favourably improved cognitive function in patients with T2DM. Further trials with larger samples should be performed to confirm these estimates and investigate the association of different DPP-4i with cognitive function among diabetic patients. Trial registration in PROSPERO CRD42023430873.

Abstract Background The neurological symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are of increasing concern. Convulsions are among the main neurological manifestations reported in children with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and cause serious harm to physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for convulsion in children with COVID-19. Methods This prospective study was conducted at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University. In total, 102 COVID-19 patients with convulsion, 172 COVID-19 patients without convulsion, and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The children’s clinical and laboratory data were analyzed to assess the risk factors for convulsion in COVID-19 patients. Results Convulsions occurred in 37.2% of children, mostly those aged 1–3 years, who were hospitalized with the Omicron variant. The neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPR) were significantly higher in the convulsion group than those in the non-convulsion and control groups (P

AbstractContext Luteolin can affect multiple biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune enhancement processes. Luteolin can inhibit inflammation of T2-high asthma, but its role in neutrophilic asthma has been insufficently studied.Objective This study determines the effect of luteolin on IL-36γ secretion-mediated MAPK pathway signalling in neutrophilic asthma.Materials and methods The asthma model was established by using ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide (OVA/LPS). Female 6–8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, asthma, luteolin (20 mg/kg) and asthma + luteolin (20 mg/kg) groups. To explore the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin in neutrophilic asthma, Beas-2B cells were treated with luteolin (20 µmol/L), LPS (100 ng/mL), recombinant human IL-36γ protein (rhIL-36γ; 100 ng/mL) or IL-36γ siRNA.Results IL-36γ secretion and MAPK/IL-1β signalling were significantly increased in the asthma mouse model compared with the control (p

Interbasin water-transfer schemes provide an engineering solution for reconciling the conflict between water demand and availability. In the context of climate change, which brings great uncertainties to water resource distribution, interbasin water transfer plays an increasingly important role in the global water–food–energy nexus. However, the transfer of water resources simultaneously changes the hydrological regime and the characteristics of local water bodies, affecting biotic communities accordingly. Compared with high economic and technical inputs water-transfer projects require, the environmental and ecological implications of water-transfer schemes have been inadequately addressed. This work selects the largest water-transfer project in China, the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) Project, to critically review its eco-environmental impacts on donor and recipient basins, as well as on regions along the diversion route. The two operated routes of the SNWD Project represent two typical water diversion approaches: The Middle Route uses an excavated canal, while the East Route connects existent river channels. An overview of the eco-environmental implications of these two routes is valuable for the design and optimization of future water-transfer megaprojects.

Abstract A tropical cyclone (TC) is extreme weather severely threatening coastal wind turbines. However, the non‐extreme wind speed period (nEWSP) before and after it can also bring considerable economic benefits to wind farms. Aiming at the working conditions of nEWSP‐TC, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the wind field based on historical actual TC data and constructs a pseudo‐Monte Carlo experiment, uses the experimental results to construct a knowledge base and an inference engine, and forms an expert system to guide the yaw control of wind turbines in nEWSP‐TC. The simulation results show that the yaw error has different effects on the fatigue load of the wind turbine under different working conditions of nEWSP‐TC, and the proposed improved yaw strategy can reduce the fatigue load of the wind turbine under the premise of limited power loss and improve safe operation capability of wind turbines under nEWSP‐TC conditions.

Protein from peony seed meal was extracted by alkali dissolution and acid precipitation. The extraction process was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the physical and chemical properties and functional properties including isoelectric point, molecular weight, secondary structure, foaming property and foaming stability of the protein were determined. The results showed that the influencing factors on protein yield were: pH>extraction time>extraction temperature>solid-liquid ratio. The optimal extraction conditions were under the optimum conditions of material liquid ratio 1:20 g/mL, extraction temperature 70 ℃, pH9 and extraction time 45 min, the yield of protein from peony seed meal was 79.83%±1.22%. SDS-PAGE showed that there were five kinds of protein with molecular weight, two of which were between 15~25 kDa, two of which were between 35~40 kDa, and one of which was between 55~70 kDa. Fourier infrared spectroscopy showed that the protein in peony seed meal was mainly α-helix and β-folding, containing intermolecular hydrogen bonds and a small amount of carbohydrate. The scanning electron microscope showed that the protein in peony seed meal was mainly composed of β-folding composition. Compared with soybean protein, peanut protein and pea protein, peony seed meal protein had a good oil holding capacity of 4.5 g/g, which was similar to soybean protein in foaming and emulsification. This study can provide a reference for the application of peony seed meal protein in the food industry.

Qualitative precipitation forecasting plays a vital role in marine operational services. However, predicting heavy precipitation over the open ocean presents a significant challenge due to the limited availability of ground-based radar observations far from coastal regions. Recent advancements in deep learning models offer potential for oceanic precipitation nowcasting using satellite images. This study implemented an enhanced UNet model with an attention mechanism and a residual architecture (RA-UNet) to predict the precipitation rate within a 90 min time frame. A comparative analysis with the standard UNet and UNet with an attention algorithm revealed that the RA-UNet method exhibited superior accuracy metrics, such as the critical ratio index and probability of detection, with fewer false alarms. Two typical cases demonstrated that RA-UNet had a better ability to forecast monsoon precipitation as well as intense precipitation in a tropical cyclone. These findings indicate the greater potential of the RA-UNet approach for nowcasting heavy precipitation over the ocean using satellite imagery.

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is the first tree species in China, with a long history and abundant yield. However, fresh jujubes have a short shelf-life and are not resistant to storage. Therefore, more and more processed jujube products are being studied. These processed products can extend the shelf-life of jujubes and attract widespread attention for their rich functional nutrients. This review summarized changes in nutrients of fresh jujube and processed products and the research progress of different preparation methods of jujubes. Meanwhile, the pharmacological effects of bioactive components in jujube-based products were concluded. Jujube and its processed products contain rich polysaccharides, vitamin C, and other functional nutrients, which are beneficial to humans. As the initial processing method for jujubes, vacuum freezing or microwave drying have become the most commonly used and efficient drying methods. Additionally, processed jujube products cannot be separated from the maximum retention of nutrients and innovation of flavor. Fermentation is the main deep-processing method with broad development potential. In the future, chemical components and toxicological evaluation need to be combined with research to bring consumers higher quality functional jujube products and ensure the sustainable development of the jujube industry.

Abstract Background The effects of hypoxia conditioning, which involves recurrent exposure to hypoxia combined with exercise training, on improving body composition in the ageing population have not been extensively investigated. Objective This meta-analysis aimed to determine if hypoxia conditioning, compared to similar training near sea level, maximizes body composition benefits in middle-aged and older adults. Methods A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases (up to 27th November 2022) was performed, including the reference lists of relevant papers. Three independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and health outcome measures. Search results were limited to original studies of the effects of hypoxia conditioning on body composition in middle-aged and older adults. Results Twelve studies with a total of 335 participants were included. Hypoxia conditioning induced greater reductions in body mass index (MD = -0.92, 95%CI: -1.28 to -0.55, I2 = 0%, p 15%) had larger effects than more severe hypoxia (FiO2 ≤ 15%) for improving body mass index in middle-aged and older adults. Hypoxia exposure of at least 60 min per session resulted in larger benefits for both body mass index and body fat. Conclusion Hypoxia conditioning, compared to equivalent training in normoxia, induced greater body fat and body mass index improvements in middle-aged and older adults. Adding hypoxia exposure to exercise interventions is a viable therapeutic solution to effectively manage body composition in ageing population.

With the development of highways, new technologies should be continuously introduced to improve highway traffic safety. Digital twin (DT) has been an emerging field of research in recent years. To develop a digital twin management system, a data model is essential. In the field of highway operational risk management (HORM), however, the development of data models is still in its infancy. Motivated by the concept of linked data, in this paper, we attempt to propose an information model for HORM. The main achievements of this paper include data architecture, identification and classification code methods, data interaction method, and the developed system. Based on data needs analysis, the highway information model architecture for risk management is defined as five layers: basic highway products, traffic sensors and equipment, traffic rules, traffic flow, and weather. Furthermore, according to the concepts of semantic data, these five layers can be classified into three categories: highway product data, topology data, and sensor data. Although the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard and Brick schema were first proposed and applied in the building domain, some of their entities and relationships can also be applied to highways. To this end, we defined some new classes, a specific ontology, and an integrated framework for HORM. Finally, a case study was carried out. Applying such information model to highways has broad potential. It changes the file-based exchange method to the data-based one, which can promote highway data exchange and applications. The proposed information model could be of great significance for HORM.

Abstract Background The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn), an essential step in PD development and progression, is observed not only in neurons but also in glia, including astrocytes. The mechanisms regulating astrocytic α-syn level and aggregation remain unclear. More recently, it has been demonstrated that a part of α-syn spreading occurs through extracellular vesicles (EVs), although it is unknown whether this process is involved in astrocytes of PD. It is known, however, that EVs derived from the central nervous system exist in the blood and are extensively explored as biomarkers for PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Methods Primary astrocytes were transfected with A53T α-syn plasmid or exposed to α-syn aggregates. The level of astrocyte-derived EVs (AEVs) was assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and immunofluorescence. The lysosomal function was evaluated by Cathepsin assays, immunofluorescence for levels of Lamp1 and Lamp2, and LysoTracker Red staining. The Apogee assays were optimized to measure the GLT-1+ AEVs in clinical cohorts of 106 PD, 47 multiple system atrophy (MSA), and 103 healthy control (HC) to test the potential of plasma AEVs as a biomarker to differentiate PD from other forms of parkinsonism. Results The number of AEVs significantly increased in primary astrocytes with α-syn deposition. The mechanism of increased AEVs was partially attributed to lysosomal dysfunction. The number of α-syn-carrying AEVs was significantly higher in patients with PD than in HC and MSA. The integrative model combining AEVs with total and aggregated α-syn exhibited efficient diagnostic power in differentiating PD from HC with an AUC of 0.915, and from MSA with an AUC of 0.877. Conclusions Pathological α-syn deposition could increase the astrocytic secretion of EVs, possibly through α-syn-induced lysosomal dysfunction. The α-syn-containing AEVs in the peripheral blood may be an effective biomarker for clinical diagnosis or differential diagnosis of PD.

In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the volatile flavor compounds of sundried Ulva spp., including U. prolifera collected from Xiamen (sample X), U. linza collected from Yantai (sample Y) and U. clathrata collected from Ningbo (sample N). A total of 61 volatile compounds including 19 aldehydes, 9 ketones, 6 alcohols, 8 acids, 3 esters, 2 sulfur compounds, and 14 other compounds were detected. The content of sulfur compounds was reaching 40.39%~58.09%. Meanwhile, relative odor activity value (ROAV) and sensory evaluation were employed to identify the aroma active components of Ulva spp.. The results revealed that dimethyl sulfide (onion, garlic, sulfur) and β-ionone (violet, floral) were the key aroma active components of dried Ulva spp.. Besides, dimethyl sulfoxide, 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one, benzaldehyde and 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-2(4H)-benzofuranone were the important aroma active components of three Ulva spp.. Among three tested Ulva spp., sample N contained the most abundant volatile compounds especially in aldehydes and ketones, and (E)-2-butenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2,6-nondialdehyde and 1-octene-3-ol were considered as the key volatile substances. Aroma active compounds including 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, (5Z)-1,5-octadiene-3-ol, and 5-methyl furfural were only detected in sample Y, which might correlate to its unique green and fruity flavor. For sample X, the sensory analysis reulst revealed significant fishy smell (P

This study attempted to verify the salt reduction effect of Agaricus bisporus extract on chicken soup, fish soup and pork bone soup. The salt addition amount of Agaricus bisporus extract in three kinds of broth was determined by sensory evaluation, and the contents of free amino acids and 5'-nucleotides acids in three kinds of broth were determined. Descriptive sensory analysis, time intensity sensory evaluation and electronic tongue were used to compare the salty strength and taste difference of three kinds of broth before and after salt reduction assisted by Agaricus bisporus extract. The effects of Agaricus bisporus extract on the overall taste, salt reduction and umami of three kinds of broth were studied. The results showed that the salt reduction assisted by the extract of Agaricus bisporus could significantly increase the contents of free amino acids and 5'-nucleotides acids and increase the TAV value in broth. Sensory evaluation experiments showed that the extract of Agaricus bisporus could reduce salt in all three kinds of broth, prolong the duration of salty taste in the mouth, and enhance the overall flavor intensity. This showed that the extract of Agaricus bisporus could reduce saltness in three kinds of broth, among which the effect was the best in fish soup, and the direct salt reduction could reach 33%. This study achieves the goal of reducing salt without reducing salt in three kinds of broth.

To carry out the system design and technology development for emergency communications, and greatly improve our ability of risk prevention and emergency disposal, the research on multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV) cooperative channel model for emergency communications was carried out.First, the channel dataset of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications in two typical emergency environments, i.e., the urban earthquake and suburban blizzard, was established.The channel parameters and statistical properties of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications were analyzed.Second, a more general geometry-based stochastic channel model (GBSM) was proposed for multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications.The channel impulse response (CIR) and the cooperative non-station arity of multi-UAV cooperative channels in the space and time domains in multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications were calculated and captured.Finally, the channel characteristics of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communication in urban earthquake and suburban blizzard scenarios were analyzed, which could support the practical implementation of multi-UAV cooperative emergency communications.Meanwhile, the statistical characteristic of the proposed model can fit well with that of ray-tracing-based channel data, verifying the utility of the proposed model.

Abstract Glasshouse plants are species that trap warmth via specialized morphology and physiology, mimicking a human glasshouse. In the Himalayan alpine region, the highly specialized glasshouse morphology has independently evolved in distinct lineages to adapt to intensive UV radiation and low temperature. Here we demonstrate that the glasshouse structure – specialized cauline leaves – is highly effective in absorbing UV light but transmitting visible and infrared light, creating an optimal microclimate for the development of reproductive organs. We reveal that this glasshouse syndrome has evolved at least three times independently in the rhubarb genus Rheum. We report the genome sequence of the flagship glasshouse plant Rheum nobile and identify key genetic network modules in association with the morphological transition to specialized glasshouse leaves, including active secondary cell wall biogenesis, upregulated cuticular cutin biosynthesis, and suppression of photosynthesis and terpenoid biosynthesis. The distinct cell wall organization and cuticle development might be important for the specialized optical property of glasshouse leaves. We also find that the expansion of LTRs has likely played an important role in noble rhubarb adaptation to high elevation environments. Our study will enable additional comparative analyses to identify the genetic basis underlying the convergent occurrence of glasshouse syndrome.

The dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) constantly affects the behaviors of cells. To mimic the dynamics of ECM with controllable stiffness and energy dissipation, this study proposes a strategy in which a small molecule, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DB), was used as fast “dynamic bridges'’ to construct viscoelastic gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based hydrogels. The storage modulus and loss modulus of hydrogels were independently adjusted by the covalent crosslinking density and by the number of dynamic bonds. The hydrogels exhibited self-healing property, injectability, excellent adhesion and mechanical properties. Moreover, the in vitro results revealed that the viscous dissipation of hydrogels favored the spreading, proliferation, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), but suppressed their adipogenesis. RNA-sequencing and immunofluorescence suggested that the viscous dissipation of hydrogels activated Yes-associated protein (YAP) by stabilizing integrin β1, and further promoted nuclear translocation of smad2/3 and β-catenin to enhance chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. As a result, the viscoelastic GelMA hydrogels with highest loss modulus showed best effect in cartilage and subchondral bone repair. Taken together, findings from this study reveal an effective strategy to fabricate viscoelastic hydrogels for modulating the interactions between cells and dynamic ECM to promote tissue regeneration.

The microstructural features of a high-strength body-centered cubic Mg-Li–Al-Ag alloy are investigated and the strengthening mechanisms are discussed. The results show that obvious spinodal decomposition occurs in the alloy. Owing to the diffusion of Al atoms to Ag-vacancy pairs, co-clustering of Al and Ag is observed. The compositional redistribution of Li in the matrix reduces the interfacial lattice misfit and thus lowers the strain energy. Combinatorial spinodal strengthening with coherency strain hardening result in high strength achieved in the Mg-Li–Al-Ag alloy. The dual alloying strategy opens avenues for tuning the microstructure and enhancing mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloys.

American ginseng residue is an industrial by-product of ginseng saponin extraction, including polysaccharides and amino acids; however, it is often discarded into the natural environment, representing a waste of resources as well as an environmental issue. In this study, we examined the effects of adding American ginseng residue to the basal diet of sika deer. Twelve antler-bearing male sika deer were assigned randomly to groups fed a diet supplemented with 0% (CON), 1% (LGR), and 3% (HGR) American ginseng residue, respectively, (n = 4 per group) for 5 weeks. Supplementation with 3% American ginseng residue significantly increased antler production and feed utilization efficiency in antler-bearing sika deer (p

Commented Article: Zhang, Fuhua. Contrast between Chinese and Western Cultural Values and Its Effects on English Learning in China. Trans/Form/Ação: Unesp Journal of Philosophy, v. 47, n. 4, e0240062, 2024. Available at: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/transformacao/article/view/14621.