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Many argue that Edgar Allan Poe invented the modern detective story or detective fiction as we know it today with his character C. Auguste Dupin. His contribution to this type of story has modelled many works after him, including those of Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie. The primary interest of the detective story lies in uncovering a mystery, arriving at its resolution through a thorough and rational process of investigation. Poe created a plot in which a character external to the police solved a crime that the police could not solve. By using the process of ratiocination, following clues, and pulling loose threads, this external agent or consultant is capable of solving any crime, although it tends to be a murder. The aim of this paper is to analyse to what extent this schema formed in "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" parallels that of many popular TV crime shows, mainly focusing on Castle, specifically on one case. The analysis will focus on the development of the story, the process of ratiocination that allows them to reach a conclusion and point to the murderer, and similarities and differences between the main characters. Additionally, this essay will look for references to Poe's work in this type of shows, either direct allusions or similar plotlines. Finally, it will draw a conclusion which tackles to which extent modern detective stories are based on Poe's models and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was focused on demonstrating the usefulness of using neutrosophic logic to determine and compare different personality traits in a sample of lawyers from the city of Santo Domingo. For this, a sample of 10 lawyers was taken, 5 of them specialized in the field of criminal defense, and 5 specialized in family defense. Neutrosophic correlation was used to select the most important personality traits to be analysed during the study. The results obtained allowed us to focus the analysis on 3 pairs of traits-anti-traits on which the sample was analysed. The study made it possible to determine that the sampled criminal lawyers turned out to be more extroverted and less sensitive than the family lawyers. The latter presented a lower average level of insensitivity than the criminal lawyers, and less rigidity. For their part, the criminal lawyers showed indeterminacy between sensitivity and insensitivity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research examining co-offending has become increasingly popular over the last two decades. Despite this, there remains a dearth of research examining the dynamics of co-offending across time, largely due to limited access to longitudinal data. In the current paper we are interested in explaining crime versatility, and therefore we employ Relational Hyperevent Models (RHEM) to model the conditional probability that a given group of co-offenders engages in one set of crime categories rather than another. Thus, we are analyzing a two-mode network (actors by crime categories) and explain, conditional on a given group of co-offenders, their participation in the set of specific crime types involved in a particular crime event. With respect to co-offending, results reveal that, compared with solo offenders, groups of two or more co-offenders are more likely to engage in crime events involving more than just one crime category. Results suggest that in the context of co-offending both market and property crime show evidence of differential association and social learning. Naïve partners in co-offending partnerships learn the skills and knowledge needed to participate in co-offending involving market and property crime. • Compared with solo offenders, co-offenders are more likely to engage in crime events involving more than one crime category. • For co-offending, both market and property crime show evidence of differential association and social learning. • Naïve partners in co-offending learn skills and knowledge that broadens their criminal repertoire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gray Cavender's work was highly influential in the fields of cultural and visual criminology, as well as the interdisciplinary study of crime and media. He co-edited a volume on reality television and crime, and wrote about the moral authority of the police and science in popular crime dramas. Cavender also critiqued the absence of media in an analysis of public attitudes towards crime. He published widely in various journals and was known for his collaborative approach. Outside of academia, Cavender was a kind and generous person who supported his colleagues and mentees. He was also an avid fan of crime-related television shows and movies. Cavender passed away, leaving behind a legacy of academic contributions and personal connections. [Extracted from the article]

The present research compared geographic profiling (GP) methods, including spatial distribution strategies (SDS) and probability distance strategies (PDS), to account for the effect of the number of crimes on the accuracy of GP. Comparing the accuracy of GP methods among three burglar groups (a total of 333 offenders) with different sizes of crimes (1–5, 6–15 and 16 or more) committed before arrest showed that the accuracy decreased in a group with a larger size of crime. Comparing the accuracy of GP methods among the number of crimes (3–10) using 150 offenders who committed 10 or more crimes showed a slight improvement in the accuracy with the increasing number of crimes. In addition, the PDS (vs. SDS) showed a higher accuracy with the increasing number of crimes. The findings encourage practitioners to use the PDS and research implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crime shows have been airing on television for over 70 years and we continuously find said shows to have high rates of viewership. But how accurate are the portrayals depicted in said shows? This research analyzes crime show drama portrayals of victimization across two time periods by analyzing 270 episodes from 11 different crime drama television series in which a clear criminal event is followed by a law enforcement investigation. Shows were chosen at Time 1 for inclusion based on popularity, longevity, accessibility, and recency; Time 2 data included a 5-year follow-up to any of the Time 1 shows still in production. Demographics and background characteristics of victims are analyzed including gender, age, race/ethnicity, occupation, military/law enforcement affiliation, parental/marital status, and prior victimization. Additionally, the relationship between offender and victim, whether the victimization was actually portrayed in the show, whether the victim was held captive, and if the victim ultimately survived or died are also addressed. Findings are discussed in comparison to what previous research from the National Crime Victimization Survey indicates actual victimization patterns to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of crime-related racial stereotypes has been well documented. People tend to associate certain groups with specific crimes, which, in turn, impacts criminal-sentencing decisions through the perceptions of crime severity. This evidence calls for regular updating of rating norms combining these variables. With this objective, and given that most of the normative studies provide norms for a small number of crimes and/or with an insufficient number of participants, a new norming study was conducted. Furthermore, norms from European countries are absent, and the existing ones (mostly with USA-based populations) do not simultaneously examine crime stereotypicality and crime severity. The Crime Stereotypicality and Severity Database (CriSSD) presents normative ratings for a set of 63 crimes on three dimensions: White stereotypicality, Black stereotypicality, and crime severity. The crimes were selected according to a comprehensive procedure. A total of 340 Portuguese participants (72.6% female; Mage = 26.86, SD = 7.65) answered an online survey. Each crime was evaluated by a range of 46–60 participants. Data allowed us to identify a crime typology with three clusters. We present descriptive data (means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals) for each crime. Crime evaluations were associated with sociodemographic characteristics. Additionally, this study gives input regarding the understudied link between crime stereotypes and crime severity, showing that crime severity is predicted by ratings of both Black and White stereotypicality. The CriSSD (available at osf.io/gkbrm) provides a valuable resource for researchers in the field of social psychology to conduct studies with controlled materials on potential disparities in criminal-sentencing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past studies on criminal expertise showed that some sexual offenders possess skills related to avoiding detection. An important question that remains unaddressed in the literature, however, is whether unsolved cases can be used as a "proxy" for expertise. The present study sought to provide the first empirical examination of criminal expertise in a sample of solved (n = 732) and unsolved (n = 309) stranger sexual assault cases involving theft. We used binary logistic regression to determine whether behavioral indicators of criminal expertise predicted case status. Findings showed that the most relevant factors related to case solvability were not related to detection avoidance strategies used by the offender, but rather, whether semen evidence was found at the crime scene and the number of sexual acts performed against the victim. Interestingly, cases involving fetish theft were also more likely to remain unsolved. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book review discusses Philip Sipiora's edited collection, "Ida Lupino, Filmmaker," which explores the work of pioneering actress, director, producer, and screenwriter Ida Lupino. The collection includes sixteen chapters written by various scholars, covering a wide range of topics related to Lupino's work in film and television. The book examines Lupino's directorial ventures, such as "The Hitch-hiker" and "The Bigamist," and also explores her underrepresented directing roles in television, including Westerns. The review praises the collection for its engaging and varied content, which adds depth to the limited existing scholarship on Lupino and addresses wider socio-historical, gender, and industrial issues. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this article is to investigate the role that transculturality plays when moving across different media, with a specific focus on rising media on international platforms and convergence, in the context of recent critical theory. The final decade of the twentieth century saw the unfolding of a revolution in television, the outcome of which is what Mittell has called “complex TV”; this has yielded increasingly complex television series. TV series have become the leading form of storytelling, able to stretch along lengthy narrative arcs, over extended periods of time; in several cases, such series also manage to remain locally connoted. In this light, current transmedial Italian Crime fiction can be considered a strong case study, specifically given its ability to develop stories by inserting specific local customs within an ample, international horizons. Transculturality and transmediality/ intermediality will be evaluated in the context of this sub-genre, also in light of the international acclaim garnered by several such series; for example: Inspector Montalbano (Rai 1, 1999-), Gomorra (Sky, 2014-2021), and Suburra (Netflix, 2017-2020). Transculturality will instead be used to evaluate the extent to which the categories of transmediality and intermediality overlap or remain conceptually separate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies differences in the content of open public data managed by the central government, local governments, public institutions, and the office of education in Korea through keyword network analysis. Pathfinder network analysis was performed by extracting keywords assigned to 1,200 data cases, open to the Korean Public Data Portals. Subject clusters were derived for each type of government and their utility was compared using download statistics. Eleven clusters were formed for public institutions with specialized information on national issues such as Health care and Real estate, while 15 clusters were formed for the central government with national administrative information, including Crime and Safety policing. Local governments and offices of education were assigned 16 and 11 topic clusters respectively, with data focusing on regional life such as Local factories and manufacturing, Resident registration, and Lifelong education. Usability was higher in public and central governments that deal with national-level specialized information than for regional-level information. It was also confirmed that subject clusters such as Health care, Real estate, and Crime showed high usability. Furthermore, there was a large gap in data utilization because of the existence of popular data that showed extremely high usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the movement of knowledge and the role of alignment work in facilitating this movement. The authors argue that knowledge can change as it moves through society and emphasize the need for detailed analysis of this movement. They introduce the concept of alignment work, which involves aligning different communities, actants, and knowledges to enable the stable movement of knowledge. The special issue examines alignment work in various contexts, highlighting the importance of relationships, power dynamics, and affective dimensions. The goal is to provide insight into the diverse forms and significance of alignment work in facilitating the movement of knowledge across different epistemic cultures. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Derecho Penal y Criminologia is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departamento de Derecho Penal y Criminologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The process of identifying a criminal is extremely challenging if no eyewitnesses are available or closedcircuit television (CCTV) footage does not show the criminal's face. With the use of high-definition cameras and soft biometrics, forensic science has made great strides in identifying criminals based on their bodily traits. Due to the use of one type of soft biometric for identification, many researchers have focused on this area and have failed to achieve better matching. Despite the fact that similar soft biometrics share many of the same features, one type of soft biometric matching has been insufficient and resulted in inaccurate results. As a result, it becomes difficult to make distinct classifications. Therefore, this study proposes the implementation of a suspect identification system that uses mole pattern analysis and skin tone matching as soft biometrics. The deep residual pooling network is employed to analyze mole patterns, while the histogram equalization method is employed to analyze skin tones. We have also improved the performance of the deep seg-net and the histogram equalization technique by incorporating an aggregator operator and an adaptive pixel-wise noise cancellation filter. The experimental results show that the proposed method attains higher accuracy when the loss rate is gradually decreased. The proposed method attains 89.21% accuracy which is higher than the existing approaches and the efficiency of the proposed method is compared with various texture encoders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Police Ten 7 is a reality crime show that follows the police of Aotearoa New Zealand in responding to antisocial and criminal activity. In the current study, we coded 24 episodes of Police Ten 7, screened between 2011 and 2021. For each episode, each offence depicted was coded into one of five categories (i.e., aggressive, driving, drug and alcohol, property, or other) and the ethnicity of the suspect was also coded. We had two hypotheses. First, that Māori and Pasifika will be more likely to be depicted as committing violent crimes than Pākehā suspects. Second, that the proportion of aggressive offences Māori and Pasifika are depicted committing on Police Ten 7 will be higher than that drawn from the National Annual Apprehension statistics. Both hypotheses were supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By analysing the TV episode 'The Other End of the line' (2019) through the lens of Bhabha's concepts of 'third space' and 'hybridity' (1994), and Soja's formulation of 'thirdspace,' this article argues that, far from being escapist viewing, the Inspector Montalbano TV series (Italy, 1999–2021) is a 'geopolitical' crime series (Saunders 2020, 1) that challenges the 'nation-centred view of sovereign citizenship' (Bhabha 38) embodied by Matteo Salvini, the leader of the xenophobic Italian political party, Lega. This episode provides criticism of Salvini's policy of closed ports, which aimed to stop migration fluxes from Northern Africa, when the Lega was in power in Italy (2018–2019). By visualizing several 'thirdspaces', such as a rescue vessel, a port, and the village of Vigàta, where the story takes place, and populating the plot with characters who defy a Manichean view of 'us-versus-them', 'The Other End of the line' endorses the idea of an inclusive society characterized by 'a cultural hybridity that entertains difference without an assumed or imposed hierarchy' (Bhabha 5). This article also argues that this episode invites viewers to act 'as active citizens' who 'must vigilantly guard against the state's strategies of exclusion and discrimination in the midst of its promises of formal equality and procedural democracy' (Bhabha xxi). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents findings of a mixed-methods audience study on consumption patterns and attitudes towards European television crime narratives among European viewers. Based on semi-structured interviews in Denmark, Germany and Italy, and a nine-country online survey (n1321), we asked how, when, where and why European audiences watch crime series, and whether watching non-domestic European crime narratives influences perceptions of the European 'Other'. Our findings reveal preferences for Anglo-American content, combined with a criticality towards domestic content often perceived as stereotyped. While stereotypes and personal and previous non-mediated encounters draw viewers to European content, they do not necessarily challenge viewers' perceptions of the European 'Other'. It does, however, enable critical reflection on viewers' domestic societies and TV cultures, leading to a process of banal cosmopolitanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different types of crimes occur in the boundary of Jordan in which the crimes related to murder, harassment, public administration, and against human rights exist. According to the different resources, these rates of crimes show the history of Jordan in terms of threatening situations. The industry of traveling contributed to discovering threatening situations. In this report, the author defines the number of crimes and their impact on future crimes that negatively affects the country's economy. The industry of tourism, food, and other services faced a lot of challenges due to the perception or real factors of people about the number of crimes in this region. Crimes against the property are more than the other types of crimes in the sector of Jordan because people are very conscious about their property. They want to develop more buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crime is a focal problem in modern society, affecting social stability, public safety, economic development, and life quality of residents. Promptly predicting crime occurrence places in a relatively high accuracy is a very important and meaningful research direction. Via the rapid development of social media (e.g., Twitter), the online information can act as a strong supplement for the offline information (crime records). Additionally, the geographic information and taxi flow between communities can model the spatial relationship between communities, which has already been confirmed effective in previous work. In order to efficiently solve crime prediction problem, we propose a generalized deep multi‐view representation learning framework for crime forecasting. Our extensive experiments on a 4‐month city‐wide dataset that consists of 77 communities and 22 crime types show our model improve the prediction accuracy on most crime types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper rescues the forgotten Mexican poet Concha Urquiza (1910-1945) from three keys: the peripheral place that women occupied in the dominant literary circles during the interwar period; the use of religiosity as dissidence in the face of the crisis of the historical avant-gardes and the advent of the postmodern paradigm; and the construction of women's genealogies as a feminist strategy. This analysis reinterprets, through these keys, the profound meaning of her poetry as a modern appropriation of the mystical tradition. Also, two recoveries of Urquiza as mater: Cristina Rivera Garza's feminist reading; and Roberto Bolaño's affirmation of the modern as resistance, as shown in Los detectives salvajes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong and viable modern states have limited the use of private force to narrowly-defined situations of self-defense. Yet, evidence from crime surveys shows that a significant proportion of violent and property crimes is not reported to police. Instead of calling the police, people either take no action or employ a variety of mechanisms, including retaliation, to settle disputes. Drawing on data from a survey of 2,921 young people in two German cities, we investigate the propensity of adolescents to resort to self-justice retaliation. The results show widespread propensity to engage in retaliatory actions, particularly among adolescent males of low socio-economic status. Further, attitudes to the police, unsupervised routine activities, and delinquency-related variables were the most influential correlates of propensity to engage in retaliatory actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the effect of an offender's occupational prestige on criminal sentencing shows mixed results, with some studies showing a positive association between prestige and sentence severity and others showing a negative association. We revisit this question using an online vignette experiment. Drawing on affect control theory and its computer program, Interact, we hypothesize that an offender's occupational prestige will increase the recommended sentence and that post-crime, or transient, impressions of the offender's potency will mediate this effect. We find support for both hypotheses: Occupational prestige increases the recommended sentence, and post-crime impressions of the offender's potency mediate this effect. The mediation is partial when potency is measured with semantic differentials, and it is complete when potency is measured with a set of explicit, denotative items. We also explore the mediational role of post-crime impressions of the offender's evaluation and activity. Although offender activity does not function as a mediator, offender evaluation plays a minor mediational role when offender potency is also controlled. We also find an interaction between post-crime offender evaluation and potency, with participants recommending a lighter sentence for offenders they see as both weak and evaluatively neutral. We discuss the empirical, theoretical, and methodological implications of these findings and outline avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to reflect on the role of testimony in the construction of narrative characters in criminal news. To achieve the aim, the paper proposes a dialogue between the form of narrative construction of the characters and the manner the audience produces meanings for the crimes shown on two newscasts. The study starts from a theoretical discussion about journalism, confession and testimony. After the presentation of both TV news and the viewers, the text presents the results of a content analysis of 80 editions of the television programs Balanço Geral and Tribuna da Massa. The transmission of both programs takes place in Curitiba, Paraná. Then, the argument focuses on a reception study produced from in-depth interviews with 18 viewers of the two newscasts. Among the results are the personification of official sources, the replacement of eyewitnesses by surveillance technologies and the rise of a special type of character, the familiar. These characteristics collaborate to engage the television news audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to show the peculiarities of a criminal threat as a criminal speech act. Its first part is devoted to outlining the concept of criminal speech acts as ones the performance of which may entail criminal consequences. The second part deals with a threat understood as a speech act in the context of linguistics, and the third part discusses a criminal threat as a criminal speech act, taking into account its characteristics under Polish law. The issues addressed in the article are interdisciplinary in nature, combining issues from both linguistics as a human science and law as a social science. The linguistic approach to threat is based on cognitive pragmatic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study at hand "Impact of Cinematic crime (Netflix Series and Movies) on Youth" is a quantitative research aimed at exploring how movies and series on Netflix show criminal and evil activities as heroic and afterwards their effects on the minds of young individual aged 15-25years. It investigates the influence of these negative characters that are being watched by the youngsters and eventually affects their behavior. In this study, it has been found out that crime series and movies shown on Netflix have negative affect on the youth psychologically. It also promotes aggression and depression in society. As they idealize criminals as their heroes. The study used survey method for data collection through a questionnaire using convenient sampling of 100 respondents with the application of "Cultivation Theory". The result shows that the content of the crime movies and portrayal of criminal activities as heroic is modelled and imitated by youth. It’s also increasing aggression and depression in youth. The study also encourages showing the positive content to the viewers of Netflix as its most viewers are young generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poem "So-So Grocery" by Michael Spence is presented. First Line: The address—5050 Downman Road— Last Line: And pressed my lips tight as it scoured my tongue.

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wildlife crime is a major issue for the sustainable conservation and protection of wildlife species. In this study, we report on the statistics of wildlife crimes that occurred in Peninsular Malaysia from 2011 to 2018. Wildlife crime data were extracted from the annual reports of Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia (DWNP) and were classified into eight categories: illegal possession, smuggling, technical offenses, illegal hunting, encroachment, cruelty, business and zoo or exhibition. A total of 7,106 wildlife crime cases were reported within this period, with the highest number of cases being illegal wildlife possession (86.55%). In general, wildlife crimes showed an increasing trend in Peninsular Malaysia, where the highest number of cases were recorded in Selangor, Johor and Kedah. Overall, the enactment of Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 [Act 716] showed a positive impact from the enforcement perspective, but seemed to be less effective in deterring wildlife crime in Peninsular Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides the first comprehensive criminological account of routinised illicit venison production in rural England. In doing so an epistemological reformulation and conceptual clarification of the overlooked problem is advanced, using extended fieldwork and a novel theoretical framework. The account of offending is refined to a type of illicit rural food enterprise supply chain misconduct, actualised by un-regulated industry processes. This kind of food crime is shown to be reliant upon suspects' connectivity with small to medium food business operations and the routines of rural occupations. Such relations with licit rural-centric commerce are the necessary conditions of offending, which are enabled by the contingent conditions of sub-optimal game meat traceability systems and an absence of regulatory oversight at critical junctures. An outcome that is structurally inscribed into legislation and induces non-compliance. The article addresses the current lacuna of research on venison meat food crimes in the British context and advances an innovative realist social relations theory to explain the crime commissioning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the question of how ‘provincial narration' functions in Germany's longest-lived crime series "Tatort." It mentions how the aestheticisation of rural space has changed during its 52-year run and media forms of discursivation of the village/province are reflected theoretically. It also mentions genre elements of the Western as well as the development of episodes that stand in the tradition of the "Antiheimatfilm."

This paper argues that changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic led to an unusual divergence between crime rates and victimization risk in US cities. Most violent crimes declined during the pandemic. However, analysis using data on activity shows that the risk of street crime victimization was elevated throughout 2020. People in public spaces were 15 to 30% more likely to be robbed or assaulted. This increase is unlikely to be explained by changes in crime reporting or selection into outdoor activities by potential victims. Traditional crime rates may present a misleading view of the recent changes in public safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are elections immediately preceded by periods of increased violent crimes? In this paper, we test the link between criminal activity and electoral cycles. We use annual data from 1981 to 2007 on crimes and data from the parliamentary elections in India for the same period. Using a difference‐in‐difference design, we find that election years have significantly higher incidence of violent crimes even after accounting for poverty and inequality. This effect is statistically significant and consistent across specifications. The effect is magnified in districts that are more competitive. Similar regressions using economic crimes and elections show either a decline or no effect. Our results are strongly indicative of a close link between violent crimes and elections, and are critical for the growing debate on the criminalization of politics in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was focused on demonstrate the usefulness of using neutrosophic logic to determine and compare different personality traits in a sample of lawyers from the city of Santo Domingo. For this, a sample of 10 lawyers was taken, 5 of them specialized in the field of criminal defense, and 5 specialized in family defense. The neutrosophic correlation was used to select the most important personality traits to be analyzed during the study. The results obtained allowed focusing the analysis on 3 pairs of traits-anti-traits on which the sample was analyzed. The study made it possible to determine that the sampled criminal lawyers turned out to be more extroverted and less sensitive than the family lawyers. The latter presented a lower average level of insensitivity than the criminal lawyers and less rigidity. On the other hand, criminal lawyers showed indeterminacy between sensitivity and insensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has the purpose to analyze to what extent TV series produced nowadays mostly on digital streaming platforms, and whose main topics focus on drug dealers' lives (narcoseries), have constituted one of the most 'fashionable' trends on TV production lately, both in terms of viewer figures and audiences' perceptions. Most of them, especially in Mexico, are linked to a group of political and social facts which, undeniably, lead many audiences to perceive a transposition of roles in these productions over the traditional duo villain-hero. Thus, viewers tend to relate the figure of a corrupted State to the villain one, while criminals are identified as heroes. Nonetheless, such perceptions find historical roots in Mexico's and Latin America's questionable governmental policies, which have direct effects on the State's condition of anomie. All these aspects together could lead, not just viewers but actual citizens, to lessen -and ultimately justify-real and patent criminal acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant research suggests that crime reality television advances biased narratives about offenders, police officers, and the nature of crime. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the prevalence, severity, and proportionality of police use of force in Under Arrest, a Canadian crime reality television show. Using a content analysis of all 65 Under Arrest episodes, research reveals that police use of physical force is portrayed in nearly half of vignettes, and over half of force used is excessive force. Logistic regression indicates that the racial composition of the suspect pool does not predict use of force when controlling for other relevant variables. However, suspect race is the strongest predictor of excessive force even when controlling for initial crime seriousness, gender, suspect intoxication, and weapon possession. Results indicate that Under Arrest contributes to law and order ideology by portraying police use of force as a necessary and justified tool for controlling crime committed by racialized suspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literary criticism of the famous 19th-century Russian political commentator and thinker Mikhail Katkov not only established his ethical identity as the head of conservative literary criticism, but also made the Slavic ethical values of Russian literary criticism evident. The depth of Katkov's involvement in the creation of Crime and Punishment shows that his literary criticism was not just an exercise in the usual sense of the word, but that it included the intention of guiding social thinking, shaping good morals and even defending the interests of the state. This intention is not only determined by his ethical status as editor-in-chief of the magazine, but also related to his understanding of the ethical nature of literary creation. Based on Russian Orthodox beliefs, the ethics of Katkov's literary criticism reflects the theme of the conflict between art and reality in nineteenth-century Russian literature, as well as the significance of Slavic ethical values. This is a point that has often been ignored by previous researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensively understanding the factors influencing crime is a prerequisite for preventing and combating crime. Although some studies have investigated the relationship between environmental factors and property crime, the interaction between factors was not fully considered in these studies, and the explanation of complex factors may be insufficient. This paper explored the influence of environmental factors on property crime using factor regression and factor interaction based on data from the central city of Lanzhou, China. Our findings showed that: (1) The distribution of crime cases showed the pattern of a local multi-center. Shop density, hotel density, entertainment density and house price were the four dominant environmental drivers of property crime; (2) The relationship between the light intensity and property crime had different correlation explanations in temporal projection and spatial projection. There was a normal distribution curve between the number of property crimes and the Price-to-Earnings Ratio (PE Ratio) of the community house price; and (3) The results of the factor interaction indicated that the effect of all factors on crime showed a two-factor enhancement. As an important catalyst, shop density had the strongest interaction with other factors. Shop density gradient influenced the degree of interpretation of spatial heterogeneity of property crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising global scarcity of natural resources increasingly attracts transnational criminal organizations. Organized crime syndicates diversify into the lucrative business of tropical timber, endangered species, and natural minerals, alongside their traditional activities. The developing interconnectedness between environmental crime and other serious crimes shows that traditional lines of separation are no longer appropriate for understanding and dealing with the increasing complexities of organized crime. Therefore, this article aims to analyse the nexus between environmental crime and other serious crimes through cluster analyses to identify subtypes of organized crime groups that have diversified into the illegal trade in natural resources. The two-step cluster algorithm found a cluster solution with three distinct clusters of subtypes of criminal groups that diversified into the illegal trade in natural resources in various ways: first, the Green Organized Crime cluster, with a high degree of diversification and domination; second, the Green Opportunistic Crime cluster, with flexible and fluid groups that partially diversify their criminal activities; and, third, the low-level diversifiers of the Green Camouflaged Crime cluster, shadowing their illegal businesses with legitimate companies. The three clusters can be related to specific stages within the environmental crime continuum, albeit with nuances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]