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Background and Objectives: Retromode is a relatively new retinal-imaging technique that is based on the transillumination principle and is obtained with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope that uses light in the infrared spectrum. The laser light penetrates into the deep retinal layers and the choroid. Retromode images are captured with a laterally displaced aperture, and the detector captures only the scattered light. The result is a high-contrast pseudo-three-dimensional image. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disabling retinal disease. AMD is characterized in its early stage by small and intermediate drusen formation, while the signs of intermediate AMD are large drusen and/or pigmentary abnormalities. Late AMD has two forms, geographic atrophy, which is the advanced form of dry AMD, and wet AMD. Most of the lesions of AMD are located in the outer layers of the retina. This new imaging method can provide a glimpse of the deep retinal layers' topographic changes in a non-invasive, fast, and effective way that can match the other imaging tools available. Materials and Methods: The literature review was performed by searching the PubMed database using the following combination of keywords: retromode imaging and age-related macular degeneration. Relevant images similar to the ones in the literature were identified and used as models. Results: The purpose of this article is to highlight the utility of incorporating retromode imaging into the multimodal evaluation of the retina in patients with AMD and to gather and integrate these findings into a brief but comprehensive paper. Conclusions: Retromode imaging is a good screening, diagnosis, and monitoring tool for patients with AMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to identify the characteristics o f corneal damage cases in the context of closed globe ocular trauma. The study population were patients presenting closed globe injury from the Department of Ophthalmology of the County Emergency Hospital o f Sibiu (2008-2016). Of the 111 cases with corneal damage, 68% were with edema, 40°% were with erosions and 5% were ulcers. The most common trauma was contusion (57%). Contact with an object or an undetermined intent was the most common circumstance in which corneal damage was identified (66%) and the zones most coincident with corneal damage was zone II. Of the cases with corneal damage over 30% were situation of light perception/hand movement and also 30% were with AVI > 0.5 and at discharge visual acuity was improved: 70.27°% had AVE > 0.5. O f the total number of corneal injury cases, 67°% had a normal intraocular tension at admission while at discharge 85% of cases had a normal tension. Therapeutic contact lenses are a good choice in corneal erosions, provide binocular visual acuity, relief pain and do not impair driving and working [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large number of hernia repair techniques practiced and published in various articles and treatises leads to a true effervescence of the young surgeon who is most often forced to acquire the “clinic's technique” or that of his mentor. Putting together the various concepts of anatomy, the numerous surgical techniques, but especially by gathering experience from the domestic and abroad surgical centres where we practiced surgery and, being helped by a young team of surgeons and anesthesiologists, we have managed to improve and adapt for the private practice, the Lichtenstein technique, which we consider perfect for any type of inguinal hernia, in ambulatory surgery with a three-hour length of stay. The retrospective study was conducted within the Proctoven Clinic of Sibiu, for a period of 3 years. There were evaluated 108 patients with a clinical picture of inguinal hernia, operated by the above-mention surgery technique between March 2011 and March 2013. In a first stage, the patients were evaluated at 2 and 7 days after surgery, then at 6 months, one year and 3 years. We believe that the Lichtenstein procedure in outpatient surgery not exceeding 3 hours is a highly feasible process, very well tolerated by patients, with good results on the short and long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Medica Transilvanica is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Medica Transilvanica is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cataract surgery in hyperopic eyes involves further complications, intra- and postoperatively, compared to emetropic eyes. I present the particularities of the hyperopic eyes which can lead to incidents or complications during the phacoemulsification. The paper analyzes and presents the complications related to hyperopia that occurred during the surgery or postoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a specialized advanced investigation characterizing in a complex manner the exercise capacity of the person who undertakes it. Thus, on effort electrocardiogram, blood pressure and oxygen saturation are monitored, oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide consumption are measured, as well as other ventilator parameters. The information obtained allows an evaluation of all organs and systems involved in the effort process: cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, hematopoietic and mental. In this article, we present the most important parameters resulted from the cardiopulmonary exercise testing and their interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a specialized advanced investigation characterizing in a complex manner the exercise capacity of the person who undertakes it. Thus, on effort electrocardiogram, blood pressure and oxygen saturation are monitored, oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide consumption are measured, as well as other ventilator parameters. The information obtained allows an evaluation of all organs and systems involved in the effort process: cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, hematopoietic and mental. In this article, we present the most important parameters resulted from the cardiopulmonary exercise testing and their interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Medica Transilvanica is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Medica Transilvanica is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hyperopic eyes have specific particularities that require a special attention in the preoperative evaluation. The depth of the anterior chamber in correlation with other conditions can dictate the behaviour during the surgery. Biometry must be very accurate to respond to the expectations of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a patient with a lower eyelid wound penetrating into the orbit with sphenoid fissure syndrome. There are presented the stages of the diagnosis and the evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a patient with a lower eyelid wound penetrating into the orbit with sphenoid fissure syndrome. There are presented the stages of the diagnosis and the evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Enophthalmos is the posterior displacement of the entire eyeball into the orbital cavity. It has a variety of causes and can be classified as primary (congenital) or secondary (post-traumatic). The aim of this paper is to highlight the difficulties of cataract surgery in enophthalmic eyes. Case Report: We present the case of an 82-year-old male patient who came to our clinic for a routine checkup. At the ophthalmological examination BCVA RE-0.3, LE- c.f. IOP (intraocular pressure) RE=11 mmHg, LE= 9 mmHg. The anterior segment for left eye (LE) shows a dense cataract and for the right eye multiple opacities of the lens. Ocular movements were normal in both eyes. The final diagnosis was mature cataract for the left eye and cataract for the right eye; surgical treatment for both eyes was decided in order to improve visual acuity. Unfortunately, due to left eye enophthalmos and dense cataract, optical coherence tomography and specular microscopy could not be performed. Biometry was tried on two different machines. The classic surgical approach was decided due to enophthalmos and mature cataract, with extracapsular lens extraction and artificial intraocular lens implantation, being performed without complications. For the right eye phacoemulsification and artificial intraocular lens implantation was performed without complications, two weeks apart. On the post-operator check-up, BCVA of the left eye was 0.3 and for right eye 0.6, without edema, ocular or periocular pain or hyperemia. Discussions : Although cataract is one of the most common surgeries performed worldwide, being a fast surgery there are many pathologies associated with a patient that increase the difficulty of the surgical approach. Conclusions: The modern procedure of cataract surgery - phacoemulsification and lens implantation- could not be performed on the left eye because of the location of the eyeball in the orbital cavity and mature cataract, resulting in the surgery being longer, the surgical technique more difficult and the healing process taking more time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, surgical techniques, such as internal limiting membrane peeling, are used widely for macular holes, macular puckers, epiretinal membranes, diabetic macular edema, retinal detachment, retinal vein occlusions, vitreomacular traction, optic pit maculopathy, and Terson syndrome. This study aimed to highlight any differences regarding visual acuity and ocular tomography coherence changes after staining the internal limiting membrane with dilutions of Brilliant Blue G vs. lutein/zeaxanthin-based dyes. This study involved 30 eyes of 30 patients who had undergone posterior pole vitrectomy for idiopathic stage 4 macular hole. The study lot was divided in two subgroups, 15 eyes colored with Brilliant Blue and the other 15 eyes colored with lutein and zeaxanthin dyes. The association between visual prognosis, ocular tomography coherence changes and intraocular pressure was analyzed. The surgical treatment with required endoillumination levels and a 2-min period of dye using the Alcon Constellation Vision System had no negative impact on cell viability and improved visual acuity by 30%. Staining makes it easier to remove, to be quick and precise while performing macular surgeries. In has been observed that lutein and zeaxanthin dyes offer an intraoperative protective screen that protects photoreceptors more than Brilliant Blue while performing pars plana vitrectomy. Both study groups had good results in time. Surgical visualization is an evolving technology., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Popescu et al.)

The present study evaluated the efficacy, the safety and the predictability of the Femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (Femto-LASIK) procedure for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. We retrospectively analyzed the postoperative 12-month evolution of 593 eyes with hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism that underwent Femto-LASIK treatment. The procedure was predictable and effective. No eye lost 2 lines of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), demonstrating a safety profile of the procedure. Nine percent of the eyes gained at least one line of CDVA. The accuracy of the spherical equivalent after 12 months was 74% within ±1.0 diopter (D) of emmetropia. The refractive outcomes were stable during the follow-up period. There were no significant complications during the procedure. Femto-LASIK using the VisuMax ® -MEL ® 80 platform was demonstrated to be a suitable option to correct selected cases of hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. A longer follow-up period is required to better assess the refractive results and to detect any further regression., (Copyright: © Tăbăcaru et al.)