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Traditional LEDs emit light that exhibits incoherence and displays a Lambertian distribution. To achieve linearly polarized (LP) light and control the emission direction, a variety of optical components are required to be stacked, which is unsuitable for compact applications and results in low deflection efficiency. Here, we propose and and numerically simulate a novel single-chip micro-resonant cavity LED (micro-RCLED) device that generates directional LP light by integrating a continuous metasurface. This device includes a bilayer grating at the GaN layer's bottom, providing high transverse electric (TE) reflectivity above 89.5% and an extinction ratio exceeds 57 dB at 500 nm. The top distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and the bilayer grating together constitute a TE mode Fabry–Pérot resonant cavity. This not only promotes the emission of the TE wave, but also guarantees its collimation with the appropriate phase, thereby enhancing its spatial coherence. A functional metasurface above the DBR layer precisely controls the TE wave's deflection angle. It maintains a low aspect ratio while enabling efficient, large-angle deflection. The simulation results demonstrate that this device provides an effective solution for generating highly spatially coherent directional LP light, with broad potential applications in fields such as polarized light imaging and advanced 3D micro-LED display systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral imaging (InIm) 3D displays provide realistic 3D images with comfortable viewing experiences. However, existing approaches struggle to achieve high spatial resolution reproduction without relying on temporal or spatial multiplexing methods, which increases system complexity. Although precise control approaches for voxel formation have been explored to address this challenge, the existing methods lack systematic analysis theories for identifying the key factors affecting spatial resolution. In this study, a novel analysis framework is proposed that uses a point spread function (PSF) to characterize voxel formation. An analytical model based on the obtained PSF is established to achieve an aliasing‐free display. This framework identifies optimization directions for improving the spatial resolution, specifically by reducing the Gaussian blur caused by wavefront aberration in the lens unit. A targeted optimization of a compound lens array is conducted to achieve precise control of voxel formation. In these experiments, an InIm 3D display system prototype that substantially outperforms conventional InIm 3D displays is developed. The prototype achieves a 74.6% reduction in the system PSF and a 29.85% reduction in voxel size, enabling aliasing‐free voxels and a 2.82 times higher resolution in the InIm 3D display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naked-eye 3D micro-LED display combines the characteristics of 3D display with the advantages of micro-LED. However, the 3D micro-LED display is still at the conceptual stage, limited by its intrinsic emission properties of large divergence angle and non-coherence, as well as difficulties in achieving large viewing angles with high luminous efficiency. In this work, we propose a double-layer metasurface film integrating functions of collimation with multiple deflections, constituting a micro-LED naked-eye 3D display system. The system is characterized through numerical simulations using the 3D finite-difference time-domain method. The simulation results show that the double-layer metasurface film restricts 90% of the emitted light of the micro-LED to the vicinity of the 0° angle, improving its spatial coherence. Subsequently, a large-angle, low-crosstalk outgoing from −45° to 45° is achieved, while providing a deflection efficiency of over 80% and a pixel density of up to 605. We believe this design provides a feasible approach for realizing naked-eye 3D micro-LED displays with a large field of view, low crosstalk, and high resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to explore how mental rotation (MR) ability is enhanced using three-dimensional visualization. Earlier mental rotation trainings entailed two-dimensional drawings and representations that lack the necessary visual information present in three-dimensional spatial representations. Therefore, this review limits its scope to three-dimensional visualization-based training interventions using monoscopic, stereoscopic, and autostereoscopic 3-D displays as well as augmented and mixed reality displays to understand what representational fidelity can offer to improve mental rotation ability. ScienceDirect, Eric, SpringerLink and Web of Science databases were searched. A total of 51 articles were selected for the review. Results indicated that all studies but one found that 3-D visualization-based training significantly improved MR ability regardless of the technology and target group used. Allowing views from multiple angles was the most prominent affordance of 3-D visualization for MR training. The results also tentatively suggest that 3-D MR training is more effective than 2-D MR training. Furthermore, these systems may benefit females more than males while not imposing a greater cognitive load than 2-D training. The degree of immersion positively affects MR performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of naked‐eye display technology, users can experience real stereoscopic effects more freely without glasses. This paper introduces the BOE's second generation 31.5‐inch 8K naked‐eye 3D display system, which improves optical path accuracy and reduces system delay through eyetracking and synchronization technology. Special optimizations have been made for mobile and wide‐angle viewing scenes, significantly improving the display effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the design and performance of a multi‐view 3D display system displaying an adjustable number of views. This uses an 8K panel and a simple eye tracking method to extend the viewing zones over a very large range and provides a multi‐view 3D display with high resolution and smooth motion parallax that gives the viewer good freedom of movement. The results are obtained from a system built around a 32" 8k monitor with a 45 lpi lenticular screen; it gives good image depth with motion parallax to a single user, with a viewing angle more than 60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binocular 3D display systems, including virtual, augmented and mixed reality (collectively referred to as XR) devices support stereoscopic depth perception by presenting dichoptic views separately to the two eyes rendered according to their vantage points. A common human factors issue is a mismatch between the observer's physical interpupillary distance (IPD) and 1) the separation between the device optics and 2) the rendered/captured content. This paper provides a theoretical review of the importance and consequences for user experience of accurately estimating IPD and incorporating it into HMD adjustments, calibration and rendering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological motion (BM), the movements of animate entities, contains rich social information and has been extensively explored in visual science. Consistent with a fixed-capacity view of working memory (WM), previous studies consistently suggested that at most 4 BM could be retained in WM, which was not affected by the encoding time of the to-be-memorized stimuli. However, recent studies have challenged this view by showing that real-world non-social stimuli benefit from longer encoding time and have a larger WM capacity. In this study, we addressed whether the WM capacity of BM could exceed the traditional 4-item limitation under a high ecological-validity setting with sufficient encoding time. Using virtual reality (VR) equipment, we presented three-dimensional (3-D) avatar BM stimuli at different depths of the environment with sufficient encoding time in a standard change detection task. In two experiments, we found that WM could retain up to 6 BM with sufficient encoding time, regardless of whether the to-be-memorized stimuli were 2-D or 3-D and displayed in one or two different depths. This finding suggests that retaining BM in WM benefits from deeper encoding time, and the depth information of stimuli and environment does not play a key role in determining the WM capacity of BM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer vasculogenesis is a pivotal focus of cancer research and treatment given its critical role in tumor development, metastasis, and the formation of vasculogenic microenvironments. Traditional approaches to investigating cancer vasculogenesis face significant challenges in accurately modeling intricate microenvironments. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology present promising solutions to these challenges. This review provides an overview of cancer vasculogenesis and underscores the importance of precise modeling. It juxtaposes traditional techniques with 3D bioprinting technologies, elucidating the advantages of the latter in developing cancer vasculogenesis models. Furthermore, it explores applications in pathological investigations, preclinical medication screening for personalized treatment and cancer diagnostics, and envisages future prospects for 3D bioprinted cancer vasculogenesis models. Despite notable advancements, current 3D bioprinting techniques for cancer vasculogenesis modeling have several limitations. Nonetheless, by overcoming these challenges and with technological advances, 3D bioprinting exhibits immense potential for revolutionizing the understanding of cancer vasculogenesis and augmenting treatment modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel metal borates, namely, Ag7B9O16(OH)2 (1) and AgCa2B7O11(OH)4 (2) were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Ag7B9O16(OH)2 crystallizes into the centrosymmetric space group of C2/c in the monoclinic crystal system and displays a unique three‐dimensional (3D) framework built by 1D double borate chains further connected by Ag cations. AgCa2B7O11(OH)4 also belongs to monoclinic space group C2/c and it features borate chains with B8O8 8‐membered rings along the c axis which are further coordinated via AgO3 into 2D layers. These layers are bridged via CaO8 polyhedron into the final 3D framework. Two compounds were further characterized through thermogravimetric and optical analysis and density functional theory calculation have also been carried out, addressing their electronic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the information industry, the wearable three‐dimensional (3D) near‐eye display that can provide complete visual information has attracted increasing attention. Compared with other existing 3D display technologies, the holographic display is a promising true 3D display technology that can fully record and reproduce the original 3D scenes. The ability to present a continuous parallax and depth perception gives holography technology an unprecedented promise in the next‐generation 3D near‐eye display. However, currently available holographic near‐eye display systems can only provide a limited viewing area (including the field of view and eyebox), greatly restricting its practical application. Focusing on the development requirements of large viewing‐area 3D holographic near‐eye display, the reasons are introduced first why the viewing area of current holographic displays is limited and then the existing solutions from different aspects, including multiplexing‐based methods, steering viewing window methods, aperiodic wavefront modulation methods, and some emerging holographic display technologies are summarized. These various solutions are analyzed respectively, and their representative works are investigated. In addition, the different applications of holography in the near‐eye display system are also discussed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are compared and perspectives are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to study the generalized exponential rational function method to solve the differential-difference Burgers' equation. Our approach is an efficient method for solving nonlinear partial differential equations, and it can be used for a specific type of nonlinear differential-difference equations. To recognize diverse singular soliton and multi-soliton wave structures, we displayed the 3-D and contour graphs associated with the solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a 3D display system, the displayed image is constantly switching between the left eye image and the right eye image. After the human eyes synthesize the two images, a 3D effect is formed. In the process of switching, the discontinuity of the image may cause display crosstalk to the human eyes. Therefore, the backlight is usually turned off during this process, which also leads to a decrease in display brightness. In the 3D display system described in this article, within the blacklight, all the front and rear phases of all the channels can be adjusted independently along with the synchronization signal, so to improve the backlight brightness while keep the low crosstalk, and the voltage and phase of the light valve can be adjusted for a better 3D display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the anti‐glaring (AG) layer on autostereoscopic displays is discussed in this paper. A simulation platform based on the ray‐tracing method and the Snell’s law is introduced to provide the theoretical analysis of the crosstalk induced by the AG effect. The experimental data is found to be in coincidence with the simulation result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intense visual impact brought about by glasses‐free 3D display has changed people's perception of traditional display, garnering increasing attention and research, and it is anticipated to reach a market size of billions of dollars within the next five years. However, a challenge lies in the scarcity of display content resources and their high degree of manual customization, leading to elevated costs for three‐dimensional (3D) display deployment, hindering widespread adoption. We propose a novel approach that combines a three‐dimensional reconstruction technique, specifically Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), with multi‐viewpoint synthesis. Meanwhile, we integrate the Signed Distance Function (SDF) into the volume rendering framework of the reconstruction algorithm for representation fusion optimization. Finally, we utilize lenticular lens arrays to realize the 3D display effect. Experimental results show that our method achieves superior high‐quality reconstruction compared to previous algorithms and provides efficient display of custom‐captured scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of naked‐eye display technology, users can experience real stereoscopic effects more freely without glasses. This paper introduces the BOE's second generation 31.5‐inch 8K naked‐eye 3D display system, which improves optical path accuracy and reduces system delay through eyetracking and synchronization technology. Special optimizations have been made for mobile and wide‐angle viewing scenes, significantly improving the display effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eye tracking‐based autostereoscopic 3D display provides a large viewing angle, low crosstalk, and large depth perception 3D image experience without using any 3D eyeglasses. However, accurate and fast eye position detection and tracking are still challenging. This study presents an accurate and fast eye positioning algorithm by reducing the computational load of stereo matching and stereo rectification in stereo vision. The accuracy of distance measurement is up to 98.46%. The processing time needed to calculate the distance between the target and the cameras is less than 0.012s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of novel nanostructures, especially using metal oxides, presents an attractive and affordable strategy to enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. In this study, a 3-D bricks type CuO and 0-D nanoparticle type Co 3 O 4 heterojunction composite was designed via a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis for PEC water splitting applications. The PEC water splitting characteristics, including Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), I-t curves, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), were investigated to evaluate the performance of the nanostructured CuO–Co 3 O 4 composite compared to the pristine nanostructures. The LSV measurements demonstrated that the CuO–Co 3 O 4 composite exhibited a significantly higher current density of 1.29 mA/cm2 (potential V vs Ag/AgCl) compared to pristine Co 3 O 4 and CuO, with improvements of approximately 1.63 and 3.4 times, respectively. Moreover, the I-t curves confirmed the stable photocurrent response of all photoelectrodes, and the CuO–Co 3 O 4 composite showed a photocurrent density of 0.21 mA/cm2 with a 50-s interval. The superior performance of the CuO–Co 3 O 4 composite can be attributed to its visible light absorption characteristics, as confirmed by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, as well as its lower recombination rate compared to the pristine materials, as analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy. Additionally, the composite photo-electrode demonstrated excellent stability during on and off light cycles for up to 5 h with a 1-h interval. The successful synthesis of this heterojunction composite with novel nanostructures provides valuable insights for the development of metal oxide nanostructures in the field of PEC water splitting. These findings open new avenues for further research and advancements in the design and fabrication of efficient photoelectrodes for sustainable water splitting applications. [Display omitted] • 3-D bricks CuO-Nanoparticle Co 3 O 4 heterojunction created by hydrothermal synthesis. • Nanostructure CuO–CO 3 O 4 showed 1.29 mA/cm2 photocurrent density. • Heterojunction showed 1.63 and 3.4 times higher current density than pristine CuO and Co 3 O 4. • CuO–Co 3 O 4 showed strong stability up to 5h with every 1h on and off conditions. • I-t curves reveled the strong photocurrent response of CuO–Co 3 O 4 composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past three years, the entire world has been exposed to a new virus, COVID-19. It has become very difficult to deal with the fingerprint system, as the exchange of things and contact with devices by more than one person is a good way to transmit the virus. Accordingly, many institutions and organizations have resorted to using face prints as an alternative to handprints to identify people and record the attendance of employees in general. Since the virus is a virus that infects the respiratory system, people are forced to wear face masks or the so-called masks to avoid transmission of the virus during coughing by the infected person. Since the wearing of masks greatly affects the facial features, it was necessary to come up with a technology that allows the identification of masked faces, and this is the subject of our study. Since the face loses many of its features while wearing masks, an algorithm was proposed to recognize the face and train the convolutional neural networks (CNN) through some of the main facial features, including 3D imaging, as it was concluded that the triple loss does not apply to our data sets, as 3D selection has less loss compared to 2D image, Due to its ability to select all feature samples from feature spaces with larger distances between layers and reduced distances between regions, a large cosine loss was utilized as the training loss function. In order to reach a model that deals more with areas not covered by the mask, the input unit was designed, as its function is to combine the Inception-Resent unit and the Convolutional Mass unit, and so, any portion of the face that isn't covered gains weight, thus increasing the importance of those areas in the recognition of masked faces, and experiments that were conducted on several sets of masked faces data showed that the algorithm works to significantly increase the accuracy of masking face recognition, and it can accurately recognize the face using masks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional integral imaging (InIm) three-dimensional (3D) display has the defect of a small viewing angle and usually presents a single 3D image. In this paper, we propose a viewing-angle-enhanced and dual-view compatible InIm 3D display system. The crosstalk pixel areas within the conventional elemental images (EIs) that result in image crosstalk were effectively utilized either for viewing angle enhancement or for dual-view 3D display. In the viewing-angle-enhanced 3D display mode, a composite elemental image (CEI) that consisted of a normal EI and two view-enhanced EIs was imaged by a dual pinhole array and formed an extended 3D viewing area. A precisely designed mask array was introduced to block the overlapped rays between adjacent viewing areas to eliminate image crosstalk. While in the dual-view 3D display mode, a CEI was composed of image information of two different 3D scenes. With the help of the dual pinhole array and mask array, two different 3D images were reconstructed for the left and right perspectives. Experiments demonstrated that both the left and right sides were increased by 6 degrees from the conventional 3D viewing angle, and also, a dual-view 3D display effect that retains the same viewing angle as the conventional system was achieved. The proposed system has a compact structure and can be freely switched between two display modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the limited efficacy of conventional methods for identifying pavement cracks and the absence of comprehensive depth and location data in two-dimensional photographs, this study presents an intelligent strategy for extracting road cracks. This methodology involves the integration of laser point cloud data obtained from a vehicle-mounted system and a panoramic sequence of images. The study employs a vehicle-mounted LiDAR measurement system to acquire laser point cloud and panoramic sequence image data simultaneously. A convolutional neural network is utilized to extract cracks from the panoramic sequence image. The extracted sequence image is then aligned with the laser point cloud, enabling the assignment of RGB information to the vehicle-mounted three dimensional (3D) point cloud and location information to the two dimensional (2D) panoramic image. Additionally, a threshold value is set based on the crack elevation change to extract the aligned roadway point cloud. The three-dimensional data pertaining to the cracks can be acquired. The experimental findings demonstrate that the use of convolutional neural networks has yielded noteworthy outcomes in the extraction of road cracks. The utilization of point cloud and image alignment techniques enables the extraction of precise location data pertaining to road cracks. This approach exhibits superior accuracy when compared to conventional methods. Moreover, it facilitates rapid and accurate identification and localization of road cracks, thereby playing a crucial role in ensuring road maintenance and traffic safety. Consequently, this technique finds extensive application in the domains of intelligent transportation and urbanization development. The technology exhibits significant promise for use in the domains of intelligent transportation and city development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pixel aliasing method is proposed to increase the resolution of multiview 3D display. where the deterioration of 3D image resolution occurs due to producing multiple directional images with limited display resolution. To overcome the resolution limitations of discrete voxels, we rearrange the image pixels by using the resizing technique and the interpolation method to enhance the 3D image resolution. We demonstrate the image resolution increase in both the depth and horizontal directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an approach to the automated measurement and analysis of dairy cows using 3D point cloud technology. The integration of advanced sensing techniques enables the collection of non-intrusive, precise data, facilitating comprehensive monitoring of key parameters related to the health, well-being, and productivity of dairy cows. The proposed system employs 3D imaging sensors to capture detailed information about various parts of dairy cows, generating accurate, high-resolution point clouds. A robust automated algorithm has been developed to process these point clouds and extract relevant metrics such as dairy cow stature height, rump width, rump angle, and front teat length. Based on the measured data combined with expert assessments of dairy cows, the quality indices of dairy cows are automatically evaluated and extracted. By leveraging this technology, dairy farmers can gain real-time insights into the health status of individual cows and the overall herd. Additionally, the automated analysis facilitates efficient management practices and optimizes feeding strategies and resource allocation. The results of field trials and validation studies demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the automated 3D point cloud approach in dairy farm environments. The errors between manually measured values of dairy cow height, rump angle, and front teat length, and those calculated by the auto-measurement algorithm were within 0.7 cm, with no observed exceedance of errors in comparison to manual measurements. This research contributes to the burgeoning field of precision livestock farming, offering a technological solution that not only enhances productivity but also aligns with contemporary standards for sustainable and ethical animal husbandry practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of imaging techniques in cataract surgery to improve outcomes and enhance safety. Preoperative imaging, such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT), is used to assess the morphology of the cataract and determine the integrity of the posterior capsule. Intraoperative imaging, such as intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT), provides real-time feedback to the surgeon during each step of the surgery, allowing for better visualization and decision-making. The use of imaging techniques is particularly beneficial in complex cases, such as white cataracts and posterior polar cataracts, where it helps identify high-risk features and detect complications. The author, Prof. Jeewan S. Titiyal, is an expert in cornea, cataract, and refractive surgery and has made significant contributions to the field. [Extracted from the article]

Three tetrazole-based carboxylic acids, 3,3-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pentanedioic acid (H4L1), 2-(5-pyridin-4-yl-tetrazol-2-yl)propionic anion (HL2), and 5-(2-pyridyl)tetrazole-2-acetic acid (HL3), were selected as ligands to synthesize three new Pb(II)-coordination polymers, [Pb2(L1)] · H2O (1), [Pb(L2)(NO3−)] (2), and [Pb(L3)2(H2O)] · H2O (3). These metal-organic frameworks have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrated that 1 displayed a 3-D network, while 2 and 3 show 2-D framework and 1-D chain, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses gave thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG). The results showed that 1–3 may be promising high-energy materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, driven by the advances in smartphone technology, there has been a surging demand from users for enhanced functionality and superior user experiences. With breakthroughs in ultra‐high‐resolution displays, mobile communication, and 3D content production, glasses‐free 3D smartphones have emerged as a potential market trend, promising users immersive 3D experiences. This paper presents a novel OLED smartphone glasses‐free 3D display conversion system based on lenticular lens technology, aimed at facilitating the widespread adoption of 5G communication technology. The system employs a specially designed phone case incorporating a lenticular lens sheet, enabling seamless switching between 2D and 3D display content on OLED, smartphones while ensuring the stability of 3D content presentation. Additionally, this paper introduces an optimization algorithm tailored for OLED glasses‐free 3D display pixel mapping, addressing color shift issues caused by selective sub‐pixel use in OLED displays with the Pentile Diamond sub‐pixel configuration. This algorithm significantly improves the image quality of OLED glasses‐free 3D displays, thereby enhancing the overall user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endowing three-dimensional (3D) displays with flexibility drives innovation in the next-generationwearable and smart electronic technology. Printing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials on stretchable panels gives the chance to build desired flexible stereoscopic displays: CPL provides unusual optical rotation characteristics to achieve the considerable contrast ratio and wide viewing angle. However, the lack of printable, intense circularly polarized optical materials suitable for flexible processing hinders the implementation of flexible 3D devices. Here, we report a controllable and macroscopic production of printable CPL-active photonic paints using a designed confining helical co-assembly strategy, achieving a maximum luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) value of 1.6. We print customized graphics and meter-long luminous coatings with these paints on a range of substates such as polypropylene, cotton fabric, and polyester fabric. We then demonstrate a flexible textile 3D display panel with two printed sets of pixel arrays based on the orthogonal CPL emission, which lays an efficient framework for future intelligent displays and clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental autotransplantation is an effective alternative to conventional dental treatment, and it involves removing a tooth and repositioning it in a new position within the same patient. Although this procedure might pose more intraoperative challenges, it provides a great solution for replacing missing teeth or aiding difficult eruption in young patients. This prospective method is also advocated as a use of treatment for unrestorable teeth. The success rates of autotransplantation cases with and without replicas were compared in a retrospective analysis of the data. By reducing donor tooth manipulation and ensuring a proper fit and positioning in the recipient socket, replicas significantly increased success rates of the procedure. CBCT scans were used to collect data. Data exported to the Mimics system were then processed in order to achieve a model of the donor tooth. Additive manufacturing technology was used to create the replicas. Specialized biocompatible material was used. Details of the replantation site and the donor tooth requirements were described, as well as the step-by-step surgical technique. For the best results, variables, like patient selection, surgical technique, and long-term monitoring, were found to be essential. The study highlights the significance of dental professionals and biomedical engineering staff working together to develop standard operating procedures and achieve predictable outcomes in autotransplantation procedures. The results suggest that 3D printed replicas could be a useful tool for improving the effectiveness and success of dental autotransplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a high-quality, three-dimensional display system based on a simplified light field image acquisition method, and a custom-trained full-connected deep neural network is proposed. The ultimate goal of the proposed system is to acquire and reconstruct the light field images with possibly the most elevated quality from the real-world objects in a general environment. A simplified light field image acquisition method acquires the three-dimensional information of natural objects in a simple way, with high-resolution/high-quality like multicamera-based methods. We trained a full-connected deep neural network model to output desired viewpoints of the object with the same quality. The custom-trained instant neural graphics primitives model with hash encoding output the overall desired viewpoints of the object within the acquired viewing angle in the same quality, based on the input perspectives, according to the pixel density of a display device and lens array specifications within the significantly short processing time. Finally, the elemental image array was rendered through the pixel re-arrangement from the entire viewpoints to visualize the entire field-of-view and re-constructed as a high-quality three-dimensional visualization on the integral imaging display. The system was implemented successfully, and the displayed visualizations and corresponding evaluated results confirmed that the proposed system offers a simple and effective way to acquire light field images from real objects with high-resolution and present high-quality three-dimensional visualization on the integral imaging display system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with traditional two‐dimensional displays, three‐dimensional displays can bring users a more realistic visual experience. In recent years, with the development of naked eye 3D technology, users can completely get rid of the shackles of glasses and experience stereoscopic visual effects more freely. The 3D display technology based on the cylindrical lens is a vital technology branch in the field of stereoscopic display. The lens light splitting and eye tracking technology are used to ensure that the image taken into the human eye at any viewing angle has correct parallax, thus giving people a three‐dimensional feeling. BOE has accumulated numerous technologies in the display field, especially in the fields of high‐resolution display and new display. This paper focuses on the space reality display system independently developed by BOE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New measurement concepts were established for the development and optimization of the first fully position‐adaptive autostereoscopic display for automotive 3D instrument clusters. The associated methods enable a parametric determination of the overall performance of the 3D system to find a measure of customer perception and optimize it by its specific parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Heads-up displays that are 'see-through' and 'curved' and capable of displaying 3D contents are considered crucial for augmented reality-based navigation in automobiles. Here we report the development, calibration and experimental evaluation of a 3D display system that satisfies the above requirements. Integral imaging is used as the 3D display technique, which is realized using a flexible 'concave-micro-mirror array' screen (equivalent of a 'micro-lens array', but working in reflection mode). The screen itself is fabricated as a holographic optical element. The holographic nature of the screen enables a 'see-through' effect. The 3D content to be displayed is served by a 2D projector as integral images. A novel calibration method is developed which employs diffusive markers, that are invisible to the naked eye, being placed at one corner of each elemental micro-mirror. The calibration enables proper treatment of the effects and artifacts caused by screen 'curvature', but the presence of markers itself does not degrade the display characteristics. A curved micro-mirror array screen of size 10 cm × 10 cm consisting of 100 × 200 elemental concave mirrors is fabricated as a flexible holographic optical element with diffusive markers of size 300 μ m × 300 μ m. The screen, when illuminated with a projector (that serves integral images), was able to reconstruct a 3D scene of size 10 cm × 10 cm with a depth of 5 cm. The novel calibration method employing diffusive markers demonstrates significant improvement in calibration accuracy. The curved and see-through nature of the display screen makes it a good choice for windshield displays. The reported system requires further improvements in enlarging the screen size and increasing depth of the 3D scene in order to meet real-world requirements, which can be achieved by scaling-up the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to explore the nonlinear Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation, which describes nonlinear waves with long-range and weak scattering interactions between tropical tropospheres and mid-latitude, as well as the exchange of mid-latitude Rossby and equatorial waves. We use the recently enhanced rising procedure to extract the important, applicable and further general solitary wave solutions to the formerly stated nonlinear wave model via the complex travelling wave transformation. Exact travelling wave solutions obtained include a singular wave, a periodic wave, bright, dark and kink-type wave peakon solutions using the generalized projective Riccati equation. The obtained findings are represented as trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Graphical comparisons are provided for Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation model solutions, which are presented diagrammatically by adjusting the values of the embedded parameters in the Wolfram Mathematica program. The propagating behaviours of the obtained results display in 3-D, 2-D and contour visualization to investigate the impact of different involved parameters. The velocity of soliton has a stimulating effect on getting the desired aspects according to requirement. The sensitivity analysis is demonstrated for the designed dynamical structural system's wave profiles, where the soliton wave velocity and wave number parameters regulate the water wave singularity. This study shows that the method utilized is effective and may be used to find appropriate closed-form solitary solitons to a variety of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflection acoustic logging is a new technology for identifying geological structures around the well. It can be used to describe the geological structure, such as formation interface, fracture, and limestone cave. Based on the acoustic logging tool composed of the source and array receiver, the method can be used to image the geological structure around the well. Through migration imaging, the section crossing the well can be obtained in any azimuth. In the current three-dimensional (3D) display technology of reflection acoustic logging, the reflection plane around the well is always displayed as a reflection arc. The arc surface correction method can correct the arc surface in 3D imaging into a plane. According to the similarity criterion in a physical experiment and the need for practical research, we designed a scale model well experiment of dipole reflection acoustic logging. We obtained the 3D display of the reflection structure around the well by the experiment and realized the arc surface correction of the 3D display in reflection acoustic logging. The application shows the method can qualitatively describe the lateral extension length of the geological structure around the well. After the arc surface correction, the geological structure can be more accurately described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, browsers are becoming more and more mature in 3D graphics display technology. Using WebGL's third-party library Three. js to display fish 3D models is not only simple and convenient but also has obvious cross-platform advantages. Through the study of Three. js, the problems of building a fish 3D display system in the past technology, such as fewer functions,complicated construction, the need to install plug-ins to browse, and cannot to be used across platforms, can promote the related applications of fish visualization. This research mainly uses 3ds MAX software to build the fish model and herbarium model, realizes loading and interaction of models through the Three. js library, and combines Three. js with Bootstrap framework, PHP technology, MySQL and other technologies to build the fish model display system. After completing the system construction, deploy the system to the Tencent Cloud server to complete the performance test. The results show that: this system realizes fish model search and viewing, paging display, second loading in an online environment, step-by-step loading of fish herbarium scene models, viewing fish models in Mobile VR mode, and users uploading models and displaying models online, sharing models and other functions, with good application value. This research can provide references for fish modeling, fish 3D model compression, fishery large model scene loading, and fishery visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D display technology can bring users 3D stereoscopic and realistic visual experience. At present, many types of 3D display technologies have been developed in this field. Among them, naked eye 3D is a more advanced 3D display technology. Compared with traditional polarized 3D display technology, it allows people to directly observe the stereo vision effect without polarized glasses. The naked-eye 3D technology discussed in this paper is based on micro-lens array, which is an important branch in the field of naked-eye 3D display. In this paper, the real-time human eye tracking technology is used to capture the user's human eye coordinates, and the pixel layout on the display module is adjusted in real time according to the human eye coordinate position, so as to ensure that the images taken into the human eye within any visual angle range have a three- dimensional effect. BOE has accumulated many advanced technologies in the field of display and artificial intelligence, especially in the fields of high-resolution display, new display and human eye tracking. This paper focuses on the naked eye 3D display system independently developed by BOE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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