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With the development of the Scientific, Transparent and Applicable Rankings tool for clinical practice guidelines(STAR), the publication of evaluation and ranking for scientificity, transparency and applicability of Chinese guidelines and consensus published in the medical journals in 2021and 2022, as well as the publication of the STAR evaluation and ranking for some specialities, the STAR evaluation and ranking has received widespread attention in the medical community. In order to further enhance its scientificity and transparency, Methodology and Technology Specialization Committee of the STAR Working Group presents this article to introduce sample identification and speciality assignment in the evaluation and ranking process.

The aims of developing rapid and living guidelines is to keep the recommendations in the guideline up-to-date. Compared with the conventional guideline, the rapid and living guideline can make better use of the existing evidence and apply and transform the evidence in a timely manner. This paper introduces the advantages and usage of rapid and living guidelines, the development process and existing challenges, and offers some insights, in order to provide reference for domestic organizations and scholars engaged in guideline development.

Objective To determine the causal relationship between acromegaly and colon cancer by using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Methods Genetic loci closely related to acromegaly in the whole genome-wide association study (GWAS) were selected as tool variables, and the genetic data of colon cancer from different GWASs were analyzed by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).The inverse variance weighting method (IVW) of the random effect model was used for analysis, and MR-weighted median and MR-Egger methods were used to supplement the analysis. Results were presented as OR values. Results Four SNPs closely related to acromegaly were obtained as tool variables, and the multiplicity test of tool variables showed that P=0.59.Three methods were used to estimate causal effects.The IVW analysis were OR=1.00(0.99-1.001) and P=0.42;the MR-Egger analysis results were OR=1.00(0.99-1.001) and P=0.42;and the Weighted median analysis results were OR=1.00(1.00-1.001) and P=0.03.The sensitivity test showed that the confidence interval of the tool variable SNP passed through 0, indicating the robustness of the MR results. Conclusion Acromegaly is not an independent risk factor for colon cancer.

The development of clinical practice guidelines involves a series of evidence-based decision-making processes, of which the formation of recommendations is particularly challenging. It demands decision-makers to have a thorough and precise understanding of the evidence, weigh the potential benefits and risks of interventions, and make valuable judgments and clinical choices. Compared to traditional approaches of presenting evidence information, the use of visualization tools can facilitate the communication and analysis of evidence, simplify information interpretation, and improve the efficiency of decision-making. Based on previousstudies, this paper proposes a visualization tool, vitruvian plot, for summarizing evidence and provides illustrative examples to demonstrate its usage and effects, with the aim of offering valuable guidance for researchers.

As an important guidance of medical practice, clinical practice guideline of integrative Chinese medicine (ICM-CPG) plays an extremely important role in showing the respective advantages of Chinese and Western medicine and in promoting the integrated Chinese and Western medicine. However, the research status on ICM-CPG is faced with the problem of emphasizing development but neglecting implementation. The establishment of ICM-CPG implementation model based on the theoretical framework of implementation science is conducive to promoting the implementation of ICM-CPG and advancing the integration and development of Chinese and Western medicine. In this paper, by sorting out and analyzing the knowledge to action (KTA) framework, we discuss the implementation framework development of ICM-CPG in order to provide reference for future research.

Objective To explore the research status of randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field, in order to provide insights for Chinese scholars to carry out AI research. Methods AI related RCT researches were obtained by searching PubMed database. The Web of Science was used to obtain the publication year, citations, authors, institutions, and countries of included AI related RCT researches. The VOSviewer 1.6.17 software was used to extract the related information, generate visual cooperation network maps for the country, institutions and authors, and perform cluster analysis for keywords. The Cite Space 5.8.R3 software was used to analyze the burst citation references and keywords. Results A total of 1174 RCTs in AI field were included, with an average citation frequency of 36.09. The publication time was from 1989 to 2021, and the number of articles increased rapidly after 2007. Among them, the top 5 countries with the number of published articles were the United States (37.22%, 437 papers), Italy (10.90%, 128 papers), South Korea (8.86%, 104 papers), Germany (8.35%, 98 papers), China (7.84 %, 92 papers); the top 5 research institutions with the most published papers were Harvard University (2.98%, 35 papers), Yonsei University (2.73%, 32 papers), Northwestern University (2.21%, 26 papers), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2.13%, 25 papers), Stanford University (1.96%, 23 papers), and the top 5 authors were Krebs (22 papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US), Calabro (11 papers, IRCCS Neural Center, Italy), Picelli (11 papers, University of Verona, Italy), Smania (11 papers, University of Verona, Italy), Lin (10 papers, Taiwan University, China). Insufficient cooperation between prolific authors, research institutions, countries. The main hot topics were the application of robot technology in treatment, the application of machine learning in disease diagnosis and management, and the application of AI in rehabilitation training. Combined with strongest citation burst, it was found that robot assistance and machine learning may be the current research hot topics. Conclusions AI has great application prospects in the medical field, and the number of AI related RCT medical research has increased rapidly in recent years. Although the developed countries are in the leading position in this field, the researchers and research institutions in China have shown great potential. At present, the cooperation between the authors, research institutions and countries conducting AI related RCT medical research is not close, and the research topic needs to be expanded.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbon ion and proton therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by Meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chinese Journal Full-text, Chinese Biomedical Literature and Wanfang Database were searched to collect relevant clinical studies on carbon ion and proton therapy for HCC. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted data based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was carried out by Stata 12.0. Results We included 7 carbon ion and 23 proton therapy studies. According to the combined results, both carbon ion and proton therapies for HCC obtained good local control rate and low adverse reactions, and the incidence of severe adverse reactions was low. Subgroup analysis showed that carbon ion and proton therapies improved the 5-year OS of HCC patients with either favorable or poor prognosis. Conclusion Both carbon ion and proton therapies may be the effective alternative treatment options for HCC with favorable prognosis, and also show better efficacy for HCC patients with poor prognosis.

Objective This study aimed to explore the status quo, hot topics, and future prospects in the field of tumor hypoxia by scientometric analysis. Methods The literatures about tumor hypoxia were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection from inceptions to Dec.31st. 2018. We used CiteSpace 5.4.R1, VOSviewer 1.6.10 and Excel 2016 to analyze literature information, such as country, institution, author, keywords and references. Results A total of 4399 papers about tumor hypoxia were identified, involving 20157 authors from 3604 institutions in 84 countries. Vaupel P, Harris AL and Dewhirst MW published the most literatures. United States, China and United Kingdom contributed the most publications. The three most contributed institutions are the University of Toronto, Stanford University and Oxford University. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics (n=175, IF2017=5.554), Cancer Research (n=144, IF2017=9.13) and Radiotherapy Oncology (n=114, IF2017=4.942) are the most productive journals. The main hot topics in tumor hypoxia field are tumor hypoxic cells and cytokines, tumor hypoxia therapy, tumor hypoxia diagnosis, tumor hypoxia prognosis. Conclusion Developed countries in Europe and America are dominant in the field of tumor hypoxia research. The diagnosis and treatment of tumor hypoxic is still a difficult problem, especially how to overcome the drug resistance caused by tumor hypoxic.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the reliability and usability of the CARE‐Radiology checklist in assessing radiological case reports and provide a basis for its broader adoption and optimization. Methods: Ten randomly selected radiological case reports published in scientific journals in 2020 were evaluated using the CARE‐Radiology checklist. Twenty‐six experts from 10 countries were invited to independently assess all ten reports. The reliability of the checklist was measured using Fleiss' Kappa, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Usability was evaluated by recording the time taken to complete the assessments and requesting the evaluators to rate each item on a Likert scale for its easiness of use. Results: The median time for evaluating one radiological case report was 15 min. The overall agreement among evaluators showed moderate reliability with a Kappa value of 0.47 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.51. The mean compliance rate for the items of CARE‐Radiology was 61.8%, with some items exceeding 90% compliance. Items related to abstracts and keywords had the lowest compliance rates. The evaluators found most items easy to understand, with a few exceptions. Conclusions: The CARE‐Radiology checklist is relatively easy for researchers to use and understand. Continuous feedback is necessary for future revisions and updates, to enhance the effectiveness of the checklist, and to improve user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publication ethics aim to protect intellectual property rights, ensure the originality of research work, and avoid plagiarism, including self-plagiarism. This study employed bibliometric methods to systematically research the field of publication ethics from 1972–2022; 659 articles on publication ethics were identified. This study included 1336 authors from 762 institutions in 67 countries. Publication ethics in biomedical journals are receiving increasing attention. Misconduct in scientific publishing remains a prominent theme, indicating ongoing development in the field. The literature highlights current research trends and emphasizes the need for increased collaboration among countries, authors, and institutions to enhance the quality and efficiency of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]