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Pomacea canaliculata is a serious invasive pest in the rice farms of the Philippines. Using botanical molluscicide is much favored for human health and environmental reasons. Crude leaf extracts of Tithonia diversifolia, also an invasive plant, were observed to have molluscicidal properties. This study aimed to fractionate the different bioactive compounds in the T. diversifolia crude leaf extract using solvent extraction and test these fractions for molluscicidal properties. The results showed that the alkaloid and saponin fractions exhibited an LC50 of 6000 ppm and 3000 ppm, respectively, at 24 h. Histological analyses of tissues from the test organisms showed deteriorated epidermal and subepidermal layers of the foot, highly vacuolated and deciliated epithelium of the gill filaments and osphradial leaflets, and deteriorated lining of the primary ducts of the digestive glands. These results are attributed to the presence of alkaloids and saponins in the different extracts, which are reported from literature to have detergent properties that can disrupt cell membranes and inhibit acetylcholinesterase activities in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Conventional treatments often fail to prevent its progression. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Tithonia diversifolia zinc oxide nanoparticle emulsion (TDNP) in mitigating DN by enhancing antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TDNP on oxidative stress markers, inflammation, and insulin activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups: control (saline), positive control (0.1% zinc oxide suspension), treatment (TDNP at 100 mg/kg body weight), and comparison (quercetin at 5 mg/kg body weight). DN was induced using STZ and nicotinamide. Blood glucose, creatinine, urea, gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were assessed. Oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α), and immunohistochemical indicators (anti-insulin, interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]) were measured. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: TDNP treatment significantly reduced blood glucose, creatinine, urea, γ-GT, and TNF-α levels (p ≤ 0.05), while increasing SOD, GPx, and anti-insulin levels compared with the positive control. Histopathological analysis showed decreased necrosis and inflammation in pancreatic and renal tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed enhanced anti-insulin and reduced IFN-γ expression in TDNP-treated rats, indicating improved immune regulation and oxidative stress mitigation. Conclusion: TDNP demonstrates potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, effectively improving glucose metabolism and kidney function in DN. These findings highlight TDNP as a promising therapeutic agent for managing DN.

Simple Summary: In this study, the aim was to investigate the potential of polyphenol mixtures as natural modulators of ruminal fermentation, which can serve as an alternative to antibiotics in animal production. The findings of this study suggested that biocompounds from tropical plants can improve ruminant production efficiency, while reducing reliance on antibiotics and addressing concerns about livestock efficiency and safety. Animal production requires efficiency, safety and environmental sustainability. Bioactive compounds from tropical plants could modulate ruminal fermentation, providing an alternative method to antibiotic treatment and addressing concerns about antibiotic resistance. In this study, the aim was to determine the effects of Tithonia diversifolia extract (TDE) on performance, intake, digestibility and blood parameters [i.e., glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] in crossbreed sheep. The main biocompounds of the TDE include caffeic acid (CA), quercetin (QCT), luteolin (LT) and apigenin (AP). Experiment 1: An in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) study was conducted to determine the optimal inclusion levels. The IVDM values were 73.09a, 82.03b, 81.01b, 73.20a and 74.51a for the control, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg for the DM treatments, respectively (R-Sq adj = 0.857). The levels of 5 and 10 g were selected for the in vivo experiment. Experiment 2: Twenty-eight male crossbred hair lambs were assigned to four treatments (n = 7): control, 20 mg monensin/day, 5 g TDE/day and 10 g TDE/day groups. No differences in animal performance were observed, including body weight and feed conversion (p > 0.05). The TDE at 10 g/day improved NDF digestibility) (61.32%) and reduced the ruminal acetate to propionate ratio. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) were higher in 10 g TDE treatment with 66.41% and the lowest acetate production (67.82%) (p = 0.042), and propionate production (21.07%) were observed. The TDE were safe at 5 g and 10 g/day for liver function and exhibited lower BUN levels suggesting an improvement in protein metabolism. TDE extract at 10 g/day (TDE10), showed improvements in total tract digestibility of NDF and reduced the ruminal acetate to propionate ratio. However, due to TDE10 reducing the DM intake, the improvements in digestibility and ruminal fermentation were not reflected in growth performance improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive pathogens and causes serious losses in agriculture worldwide. Biogenic pesticides application may be an effective approach for defending against TSWV. Tagitinin A (Tag A) extracted from Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray has a high protective effect against TSWV infection. Tag A can induce jasmonic acid to suppress gene expression in TSWV. In this study, the F-box protein (CPR30) was mediated by Tag A, the expression of the CPR30 gene in Tag A-treated leaves was significantly higher (2 times) than that of the negative control. Furthermore, the replication of TSWV-NSm/NSs genes and the expression of TSWV-NSm/NSs proteins significantly increased after silencing the CPR30 gene in protective assays; CPR30 overexpression showed the opposite tendency. The CPR30 protein only localized and interacted with the TSWV-NSm protein. Thus, this study reveals a new mechanism by which Tag A mediates ubiquitin–protein ligase E3 (CPR30) to interact with NSm inhibite NSm replication and expression, and defend against systemic TSWV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infestation of gastrointestinal worms (helminths) contributes significantly to neonatal mortality and reduced growth performance in livestock animals. The present study was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition and the in vitro potency of ethanolic extracts of Tithonia diversifolia and Azadirachta indica on motility inhibition on Haemonchus contortus. Tithonia diversifolia and Azadirachta indica were obtained from farmers in Bulambuli district of Uganda and were treated with 70% ethanol as an extraction solvent. A standard phytochemical procedure was used for qualitative analysis. The in-vitro experiment was conducted using 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, and 20 mg/ml for each plant ethanolic extract. Moreover, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was utilized as the control. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloid salts, saponins, flavonoids, steroid glycosides, anthracenosides, coumarins, and anthocyanosides in ethanolic extracts. A dosage of 20 mg/l of Tithonia diversifolia and Azadirachta indica indicated motility inhibition of adult Haemonchus contortus after 2.55 hours and 2.1 hours, respectively, compared to the PBS control group. In conclusion, both plant extracts showed anthelmintic activity leading to the mortality of the worms. The ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica were faster in causing mortality of Haemonchus contortus than those of Tithonia diversifolia at the same dose rate of 20 mg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Brazilian livestock contributes significantly to pasture-based global animal protein production, but faces economic and environmental challenges due to unsustainable practices. Silvopastoral systems (SPS) offer a promising solution to these issues. Aims: This study aims to assess the impact of Tithonia diversifolia in a SPS with Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés (Xaraés grass) compared to traditional exclusive pasture (EP). Methods: The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with eight paddocks (four EP and four SPS with T. diversifolia), grazed by Santa Ines male lambs across six stocking cycles. Herbage biomass production, morphological composition, and nutritive value, animal stocking rate, and proportion of T. diversifolia intake using δ13C were evaluated. Key results: Xaraés grass biomass production was unaffected by the presence of T. diversifolia in SPS. SPS with T. diversifolia accumulated more total herbage biomass and greater nutritive content than EP. However, Xaraés grass in SPS showed a reduction in leaf fraction and increase in stem and fibrous fractions. T. diversifolia constituted 42.7% of the biomass in SPS, while only 13.74% of fecal carbon originated from it. Conclusions: SPS with T. diversifolia produces a greater total herbage biomass than EP, but negatively affects leaf fraction and nutritive value of Xaraés grass. Lambs showed a preference and selective intake for Xaraés grass over T. diversifolia. Implications: Integrating T. diversifolia in SPS can increase herbage biomass, but careful management is necessary to preserve nutritional quality and minimize lamb selectivity. Brazil is a major global producer of animal-derived food, but faces significant challenges due to unsustainable and environmentally damaging practices, such as degraded and unproductive pastures. In this study, we propose the use of silvopastoral systems with Tithonia diversifolia (a shrubby forage from tropical regions) as an alternative to overcome these challenges. Our findings show increased forage production, offering economic and environmental benefits for farmers and providing a sustainable practice for the Brazilian livestock sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of weeds and replenishment of soil is a relevant issue. This study investigates the potential of composts prepared from roadside weeds as a sustainable solution for soil nutrient replenishment and weed management. Compost prepared from four common roadside weeds of NE India--Ageratum conyzoides, Galinsoga parviflora, Mikania micrantha, and Tithonia diversifolia -- were added to degraded soils and the changes in Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) levels were measured using Kjeldahl method, Bray No. 1 Extract method and Flame Photometer respectively with results demon-strating a significant increase in soil NPK levels upon higher compost application. Tithonia diversifolia exhibits the highest nutrient enrichment followed by Mikania micrantha, Ageratum conyzoides and Galinsoga parviflora. This study highlights the effectiveness of composts from roadside weeds in enhancing soil fertility and presents a pro-environmental strategy for restoring degraded lands while managing invasive plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluates the phytotoxic potential of methanolic extracts from six Asteraceae species: Wedelia chinensis, Helianthus annuus, Cosmos bipinnatus, Tagetes erecta, Tithonia diversifolia, and Zinnia elegans. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 g/mL to assess their inhibitory effects on the radicle and hypocotyl lengths of Echinochloa crus‐galli and Echinochloa colona. The two most potent species, C. bipinnatus and T. diversifolia, were further evaluated using extracts from their roots, stems, and leaves. Among these, C. bipinnatus leaf extracts showed the most significant phytotoxicity and were tested at 20, 40, and 60 days of plant age. At 0.03 g/mL, C. bipinnatus extract inhibited the hypocotyl and radicle lengths of E. colona by 23.01% and 56.45%, and E. crus‐galli by 8.5% and 36.35%, respectively. At 1.0 g/mL, the extract inhibited the hypocotyl lengths of E. colona and E. crus‐galli by 97.54% and 88.15%, and the radicle lengths by 93.52% and 99.99%, respectively. The 60‐day‐old C. bipinnatus leaf extract exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, correlating with the identification of key allelochemicals such as cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, 2‐4 dimethohydroxy benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. These findings suggest that the 60‐day‐old C. bipinnatus leaf extracts have strong potential for use in the biological control of these weed species, offering a promising avenue for the development of natural herbicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of unconventional feedstuffs aims to incorporate alternative dietary options to contribute to the sustainability of livestock systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of incorporating Tithonia diversifolia (TD) into sugarcane (SC) silage on nutritional quality and ruminal fermentation in an in vitro gas production assay. The underlying hypothesis was that the increased protein content in silage with the addition of TD may result in a reduction in total gas production, including methane, due to potential modifications in the substrate fermentation profile. Treatments were formulated based on the inclusion of TD in SC silage, on a dry matter basis, as follows: TC: 100% SC; T25 = 75% SC + 25% TD; T50 = 50% SC + 50% TD; T75 = 25% SC + 75% TD. For the preparation of silages, forage samples were collected, subjected to pre-drying for approximately 24 h, then chopped, mixed according to each proposed treatment, and packed into mini silos (± 2 kg each) with increasing levels of TD. The silos were opened after 30 days, and samples were collected for chemical composition analysis and in vitro gas production assay. Silages with the addition of TD showed higher levels of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber compared to pure sugarcane silage. The addition of TD reduced total gas and methane production. The inclusion of Tithonia diversifolia in sugarcane silage demonstrated potential to enhance the nutritional quality of feed for ruminant production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health issue with increasing prevalence worldwide. Aim: This study aims to investigate the potential of Tithonia diversifolia extract (TE) in lowering interleukin-35 (IL-35), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and haematological profile in streptozotocin-induced rats. Methods: A total of 24 rats were divided into four treatment groups: control (P0), diabetic induction (P1), diabetic induction + TE (P2), and diabetic induction + quercetin (P3). Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single-dose injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). TE treatment was administered orally for 7 days. On the 8th day post-treatment, all animals were euthanized, and blood samples were collected to assess inflammatory parameters, including IL-35, TNF-α, GPx, and hematological profiles. Kidney organs were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for histopathological analysis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (p < 0.05). Results: Evaluation of the hematological profile revealed significant improvements in the P2 and P3 groups, with decreased leukocytes, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as significantly lower IL-35 and TNF-α levels observed in diabetic rats following TE treatment. Conclusion: TE treatment exhibited promising effects in reducing inflammatory markers and restoring hematological parameters in diabetic rats, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetic rats. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2250-2255]

Wafers (wafer-feed) are an effective processing technology and are expected to maintain the continuous availability of animal feed during the dry season. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of adhesive on the physical quality of sugarcane tops and Tithonia based wafers. This study used the Split Split Plot Design (SSPD). The main plot as factor A was the type of adhesive, consisting of: Tapioca flour (A1), Pathi flour (A2), Gaplek flour (A3), Karagenan flour (A4), palm sugar (A5). The subplots as Factor B are temperature which consists of: 100℃ (B1), 110℃ (B2), and 120℃ (B3), while the sub-plots as factor C are oven time consisting of: 10 minutes (C1), 15 minutes (C2), and 20 minutes (C3). The forage used was Sugarcane tops (Saccharum officinarum) and Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) in the ratio of 60:40. The best adhesive in making sugarcane tops and Tithonia based wafers is tapiovca flour with a temperature of 120℃ for 20 minutes, with physical properties such as colour, aroma, and excellent texture with a range (3.73, 3.70, and 3.63), density with a value of 5.68 g/cm3, and water binding capacity with a value of 104.22%. From the research it can be concluded that there are interactions on the physical properties of wafers (colour, aroma, and smell), density and water binding capacity. For further research, the best wafers obtained were continued to the in vitro digestibility stage to see the digestibility of wafers as ruminant feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health issue with increasing prevalence worldwide. Aim: This study aims to investigate the potential of Tithonia diversifolia extract (TE) in lowering interleukin-35 (IL-35), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and hematological profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats. Methods: A total of 24 rats were divided into four treatment groups: control (P0), diabetic induction (P1), diabetic induction + TE (P2), and diabetic induction + quercetin (P3). Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single-dose injection of stz (60 mg/kg). TE treatment was administered orally for 7 days. On the 8th day post-treatment, all animals were euthanized, and blood samples were collected to assess inflammatory parameters, including IL-35, TNF-α, GPx, and hematological profiles. Kidney organs were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for histopathological analysis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (p < 0.05). Results: Evaluation of the hematological profile revealed significant improvements in the P2 and P3 groups, with decreased leukocytes, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as significantly lower IL-35 and TNF-α levels observed in diabetic rats following TE treatment. Conclusion: TE treatment exhibited promising effects in reducing inflammatory markers and restoring hematological parameters in diabetic rats, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabbits' ability to use forages is an important factor in rabbit nutrition. Tridax procumbens, Euphobia heterophylla, Alternanthera brasiliana, Aspilia africana, and Tithonia diversifolia are common forages for rabbits. Previous authors have reported the nutrient composition of these plants, but there is scanty information on how the available nutrient affects the consumption preference of these plants. This study was designed to ascertain the effect of nutrients present in these plants on their preferences. A total of 30 weaner rabbits (New Zealand White) were used in the experiment. The rabbits were separated into groups A and B, fifteen rabbits were in each group. Animals in Group A were offered fresh forages, while those in Group B were offered dry forages in a cafeteria arrangement. With the aid of cameras installed in the pens, the behaviours of experimental animals were recorded to help study the frequency of visitation to the various forages. Results of this study showed that E. heterophylla was the most visited, while A. africana was the least visited. The crude protein (CP) in the forages ranged from 4.70 - 5.62% with T. diversifolia and E. heterophylla having the significantly (p<0.05) highest and lowest values, respectively. A. africana recorded significantly highest (p<0.05) values for NDF, ADF and ADL followed by T. procumbens. Hemicellulose of E. heterophylla was significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that of the selected forages, E. heterophylla was the most preferred while the least was A. africana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acidic soils cover two‐thirds of Brazil's land, significantly reducing pasture productivity and resilience. Tithonia diversifolia has emerged as a promising forage alternative for such soils. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different soil acidity levels, determined by base‐cation saturation (BCS) levels, on the anatomical, and morphological analyses of the roots, the nutritional status of the plants, as well as the root and shoot biomass production. A 107‐days greenhouse experiment was carried out, employing a randomized block design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. The factors included two propagation methods (seeds and stem cuttings) and four BCS levels (19%, 39%, 52%, and 63%). There was no observed interaction between propagation methods and BCS levels regarding root and shoot biomass production. This indicates that T. diversifolia's tolerance to acidic soils is not affected by the propagation method. However, stem‐propagated plants exhibited significantly greater root (31% increase) and shoot (26% increase) biomass production compared to seed‐propagated plants. Regardless of the propagation method, T. diversifolia plants grown in soil with a 19% BCS level showed a substantial reduction in root (45% decrease) and shoot (31% decrease) biomass compared to the 63% BCS level treatment. The root anatomy and morphology of T. diversifolia are affected when cultivated in acidic soils with a 19% BCS level. Nevertheless, the Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) test detected some mucilage in T. diversifolia roots, suggesting a potential defense mechanism for Al3+. The shoot biomass of T. diversifolia plants cultivated in soil with a 19% BCS level exhibited greater nutritional values compared to the 63% BCS level. In conclusion, propagation methods have a limited impact on the tolerance of T. diversifolia to acidic soils. Despite the negative effects on root and shoot biomass production, T. diversifolia effectively maintains nutrient uptake even under acidic soil conditions with Al3+ availability of 5 mmolc dm−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food security, sustainability of food production, and greenhouse gas (GHG) production of ruminant livestock are topics that generate scrutiny and debates worldwide. In a scenario of increasing human population and concerns with climate change, it is necessary to increase animal-derived food in sustainable operations. Grazing systems are crucial for ruminant production worldwide, and in the tropics, well-managed grasslands can provide sustainable intensification of this activity. In these regions, production often relies on grass monoculture managed extensively, a practice that commonly has led to the occurrence of degraded soils, limited animal productivity, and increased intensity of GHG emissions. Silvopastoralism is a practice that promotes several ecosystem services, showing potential to maintain soil quality while reducing the environmental impacts of ruminant production. These systems also have the potential to improve animal productive performance and reduce GHG emissions. The review was guided by a search in the Web of Science database using population terms and refined by document type (Article) and language (English OR Portuguese) following PRISMA protocol. Infographics were created using the Bibliometrix package in R software (version 4.3.2), and a specific topic on Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray was explored to demonstrate the importance of this forage resource for tropical silvopastoral systems and its potential contribution to food security. The T. diversifolia shrub is widely distributed in Latin America and tropical regions and presents several characteristics that make it a good option for silvopastoral systems. Focusing on the tropics, our objectives were to present one literature review addressing the role of grazing ruminant production towards the current climate change and food security challenges. Additionally, we aimed to explore the state of knowledge on silvopastoral systems and the use of T. diversifolia, presenting their potential to cope with this scenario of increased concerns with the sustainability of human activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecuador has ideal conditions for the intensive production of robusta coffee, supporting the local industry and exports. Since inorganic fertilizers are unsustainable, forages such as green fertilizers are sought to improve coffee production. Our objectives are: to determine the macro and micro elements of the soil before and after the contribution and of each of the forages, to evaluate the production of the coffee varieties. A randomized complete block design (DBCA) was used in a factorial arrangement of three varieties of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) Napopayamino, Ecorobusta and Conilón and three forage varieties mucuna (Mucuna pruriens), buttercup (Tithonia diversifolia) and kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides). ) with six repetitions and ten plants as experimental unit. The variables under study were: soil analysis at the beginning and end, foliar analysis of forages and coffee production (g/plant). The soil presented characteristics of acid to potentially neutral and the element phosphorus stood out, the highest level of nitrogen at the foliar level was reported by buttercup. The highest coffee production was reported in the ecorobusta variety with 16078 g (0.24 t ha-1) and in the kudzu legume with 11261.56 g (0.17 t ha-1). The use of forage crops improved the soil and coffee production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Phytochemicals are considered the reliable source for the treatment of infection including malaria. Especially, phenols are known as potentially toxic to the growth and development of pathogens, among which flavonoids are the most extensively studied and play more intensive roles in ethnopharmacology. The immunological effect and role of T. diversifolia flavonoids‐rich extract in treatment of malaria have therefore been examined in this study. Methods. In vitro test against Plasmodium falciparum and 4‐day suppressive and Rane's tests against Plasmodium berghei in mice were used to evaluate the antimalarial activities. TNF‐α and INF‐γ levels, phagocytic tests, and production of oxygen and nitrogen radical were assessed to appreciate the immunomodulatory activity. One‐way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Student′s t tests was used for data analysis. Results. T. diversifolia flavonoids‐rich extract at the concentrations ranging from 0.0004 mg/ml significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited in a concentration‐dependent manner the growth of trophozoite up to 100% inhibition with 0.025 mg/ml at 24 and 48 hrs. Moreover, T. diversifolia flavonoids‐rich extract reduced the level of parasitemia and improved in a dose‐dependent manner the survival time of infected mice significantly (p < 0.05) compared to their control in 4‐day suppressive test as well as in Rane's test. Additionally, T. diversifolia flavonoids‐rich extract increased the TNF‐α and INF‐γ levels in rats infected by P. berghei. Furthermore, the flavonoid‐rich extract enhanced weight of spleen in the rats, the metabolic and phagocytic activities of the peritoneal cells, and the concentration of nitric oxide and oxygen radicals in methylprednisolone‐immunocompromised rats compared to the control (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The study has revealed that T. diversifolia flavonoids‐rich extract through its antiplasmodial and phagocytic activities is a promising treatment of malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cattle manure deposited in pastures is an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O–N) and methane (CH4) emissions. Environmental conditions and soil characteristics affect emissions of these two gases, and therefore, it is important to conduct studies in local conditions to generate emission factors to improve greenhouse gas (GHG) estimates, as well as to identify mitigation strategies. N2O–N and CH4 fluxes from soil, feces and urine were determined for two cattle production systems during two seasons, and emission factors (EFs) were calculated. The static closed chambers technique was used in three conventional systems (CSs) and three silvopastoral systems (SPSs) with Tithonia diversifolia in the Colombian Amazon piedmont. SPSs presented lower emission factors than CSs for N2O–N from urine patches in both seasons (2.64 vs.1.49% and 1.69 vs. 0.89% of nitrogen (N) deposited for the transition and rainy season, respectively) (p = 0.004), N2O–N from feces in the rainy season (0.17 vs. 0.13% of N deposited for CSs and SPSs) (p = 0.046), and CH4 in the transition rainy season (1.08 vs. 0.83 g of CH4/kg of dry matter of feces for CSs and SPSs, respectively) (p = 0.005); with the EFs determined, the cumulative emissions for each system were estimated in 176.8 and 145.3 kg of CO2 equivalent per hectare per year in the CSs and SPSs. We concluded that SPSs can emit lower amounts of CH4 and N2O–N from manure and provide an alternative for mitigation of these gases generated by bovine manure under tropical humid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a combination of leaves extracts from Ruellia tuberosa L. and Tithonia diversifolia plants encapsulated using gum Arabic. The selection of leaves in medicinal plants because they are rich in bioactive compounds that provide health benefits. The encapsulation technique was microencapsulation through freeze-drying, since the nanoencapsulation for the plant extracts is unlikely to be conducted due to their large particle sizes. The resulting microcapsules were then tested their biological activities in vitro. Several conditions affect microcapsules' production, including pH, gum Arabic concentration, and stirring time were assessed. The optimum conditions were chosen based on the highest encapsulation efficiency. The results showed that the optimum microcapsules preparation was achived at pH 5, gum Arabic concentration of 4% (w/v), and stirring time of 60 min with an encapsulation efficiency of 84.29%. The in vitro assays include inhibition of alpha-amylase and antioxidant activities, resulted in the respective IC50 values of 54.74 μg/mL and 152.74 μg/mL. Releases of bioactive compounds from the microcapsules were investigated under pH 2.2 and pH 7.4 from 30 to 120 min. Results indicated a release of 43.10% at pH 2.2 and 42.26% at pH 7.4 during 120 min, demonstrating the controlled release behavior of the encapsulated bioactive compounds; nonetheless, their release behavior was not pH-dependent. This study confirms that microencapsulation has an important role in the development of plant extracts with maintained biological functions as well as maintaining their stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tithonia diversifolia is a perennial bushy plant found in South America with significant ethnopharmacological importance as an antimalarial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract from leaves of T. diversifolia (TdE) on human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, SNB-19, NCIH-460 and MCF-7), as well as the mechanism of action involved in cell death and cellular modulation of oxidative stress. The TdE exhibited significant activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.12 to 38.41 μg/ml, with HCT-116 being the most sensitive cell line. Subsequent experiments were conducted with HCT-116 cell line. TdE decreased the number of viable cells, followed by induction of apoptotic events, increase in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and enhanced G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Pro-oxidative effects including elevated acidic vesicular organelle formation, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide by-products, as well as reduced levels of intracellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species production were also observed following incubation with TdE, which may lead to DNA damage followed by apoptotic cell death. These results demonstrate the potential of TdE ethanolic leaf extraction for biological activity and enhance the importance of continuing to study natural sources of plants for the development of anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weed infestation is detrimental to crop yield and quality, limits farm size, increases the cost of production, reduces profit, and impairs farmers' livelihood. This study was conducted to assess the weed infestation status based on the farmers' perspective, the control measures adopted, and the potential weed problem in some agrarian communities in Derived Savanna agroecology. A Structured questionnaire was administered to one hundred and ten (110) farmers. Data were analyzed using the Descriptive analysis method. Most (75.5%) of the farmers were male and almost half (43.6%) had the mean farming experience of 22.46±9.99, while 46.4 percent had within 11-15 years of formal education. However, the mean age was 49.93±10.70 years. Most farmers (90%) had the lowest income level (N10000 - N50000). Farmers (25% - 50%) identified Cyperus rotundus, Imperata cylindrica, Tridax procumbens, Commelina bengalensis, Emilia sonchifolia, Axonopus compressus, Tithonia diversifolia, Pennisetum purpureum, and Euphorbia heterophylla as problematic weeds. Farmers understood and adopted manual weeding (100 %), and chemical (98.2 %) weed control methods. However, few farmers (2.7%) knew or adopted the concept of integrated weed management and biological weed control (3.6 %) methods for weed management. The farmers' perception of weed infestation might be useful in early warning systems for preventing and managing noxious weeds and ensuring sustainable crop production. The training of farmers on the principles of integrated weed management (IWM) for effective weed control, improved crop yield, and livelihood is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the invasiveness of invasive plants, many studies have compared photosynthetic traits or strategies between invasive and native species. However, few studies have compared the photosynthetic dynamics between invasive and native species during light fluctuations. We compared photosynthetic induction, relaxation dynamics and leaf traits between the invasive species, Tithonia diversifolia and two native species, Clerodendrum bungei and Blumea balsamifera, in full-sun and shady habitats. The photosynthetic dynamics and leaf traits differed among species. T. diversifolia showed a slower induction speed and stomatal opening response but had higher average intrinsic water-use efficiency than the two native species in full-sun habitats. Thus, the slow induction response may be attributed to the longer stomatal length in T. diversifolia. Habitat had a significant effect on photosynthetic dynamics in T. diversifolia and B. balsamifera but not in C. bungei. In shady habitat, T. diversifolia had a faster photosynthetic induction response than in full-sun habitat, leading to a higher average stomatal conductance during photosynthetic induction in T. diversifolia than in the two native species. In contrast, B. balsamifera had a larger stomatal length and slower photosynthetic induction and relaxation response in shady habitat than in full-sun habitat, resulting in higher carbon gain during photosynthetic relaxation. Nevertheless, in both habitats, T. diversifolia had an overall higher carbon gain during light fluctuations than the two native species. Our results indicated that T. diversifolia can adopt more effective response strategies under fluctuating light environments to maximize carbon gain, which may contribute to its successful invasion.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the nutritional composition and rumen fermentation attributes of the tithonia plant (Tithonia diversifolia) treated with Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria at different fermentation durations and doses. Materials and Methods: In this research, an experimental approach employed a factorial pattern with two factors as treatments with three replications using a complete randomized design. The primary factor was the dose of L. bulgaricus inoculum, with concentrations at 2% and 3%. The secondary factor examined during the study revolved around the duration of fermentation, offering three time frames of 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days for analysis. The inoculum of L. bulgaricus contained 65 × 1015 CFU/ml. Results: The use of L. bulgaricus bacteria on tithonia plants (T. diversifolia) with different inoculum doses and fermentation times demonstrated a highly significant effect and significant disparities (p < 0.05). In phytic acid content, nutrient content (crude protein (CP), crude fiber, crude fat, and dry matter (DM)), and in vitro digestibility, which includes DM, organic matter (OM), CP, volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH3, and gas production. However, it did not show any significant interaction between pH and OM content. Conclusion: The optimal results of nutrient profiling and in vitro digestibility, including DM, OM, CP, rumen pH, VFA, NH3 (ammonia), and gas production, were observed when the tithonia plant (T. diversifolia) was fermented using L. bulgaricus with 3% inoculum doses and a fermentation time of 5 days. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 146-152]

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Objective: This study aims to investigate the nutritional composition and rumen fermentation attributes of the tithonia plant (Tithonia diversifolia) treated with Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria at different fermentation durations and doses. Materials and Methods: In this research, an experimental approach employed a factorial pattern with two factors as treatments with three replications using a complete randomized design. The primary factor was the dose of L. bulgaricus inoculum, with concentrations at 2% and 3%. The secondary factor examined during the study revolved around the duration of fermentation, offering three time frames of 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days for analysis. The inoculum of L. bulgaricus contained 65 × 1015 CFU/ml. Results: The use of L. bulgaricus bacteria on tithonia plants (T. diversifolia) with different inoculum doses and fermentation times demonstrated a highly significant effect and significant disparities (p < 0.05). In phytic acid content, nutrient content (crude protein (CP), crude fiber, crude fat, and dry matter (DM)), and in vitro digestibility, which includes DM, organic matter (OM), CP, volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH3, and gas production. However, it did not show any significant interaction between pH and OM content. Conclusion: The optimal results of nutrient profiling and in vitro digestibility, including DM, OM, CP, rumen pH, VFA, NH3 (ammonia), and gas production, were observed when the tithonia plant (T. diversifolia) was fermented using L. bulgaricus with 3% inoculum doses and a fermentation time of 5 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late leaf spot of groundnuts is caused by the fungal pathogen Cercosporidium personatum. Efforts to prevent this disease generally use synthetic fungicides that can pollute the environment. This study aims to identify the fungal pathogen of groundnut late leaf spot and determine the antifungal effect of leaf extract from several plants on leaf spot disease suppression. Late leaf spot pathogen was identified based on hyphae and conidia morphological characteristics. Growth inhibition of leaf extracts from butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), basil (Ocimum gratissimum), and sugar apple (Annona squamosa) at aconcentration of 25%were tested against C. personatum in vitro. The growth and intensity of groundnut disease attackswere assessed for seven weeks by inoculating C. personatum and applied with several leaf extracts. Results showed that the pathogen was identified as C. personatum with conidia characteristics of cylindrical to obclavate, short and slightly curved with four septa, and 35.75 × 7.11 µm in size. The inhibition percentage of C. personatum in vitro reached 94.03% by leaf extract of C. ternatea, 88.56% by T. diversifolia, 87.20% by O. gratissimum, and 84.10% by A. squamosa. Treatment of C. ternatea increased plant height by up to 12.85% and showed the highest reduction of infected leaves by up to 61.53%. C. ternatea leaf extract was found to be the most effective leaf extract to suppress C. personatum infection by 77.94%, while T. diversifolia, O. gratissimum, and A. squamosa reduced disease severity by 70.15%, 65.43%, and 57.76%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current challenge is to produce food in systems that are resilient to climate change and take care of the environment. Aim. Evaluate organic and mineral biofertilization in the growth and development of Tithonia diversifolia positions during the nursery phase. Materials and methods: Two trials were carried out: E-I at the “Renato Guitar” CPA and E-II: at the Indio Hatuey Pasture and Forage Experimental Station (EEPFIH). For their development, a completely randomized experimental design was used with 15 and 10 replications, experiment I and II respectively. E-I, three treatments were carried out: T-1: 100% unfertilized soil, T-2: 50% soil + 50% biochar, T-3: 50% soil + 25% biochar + 25% cane bagasse ash. The biochar was obtained from marabou (D. cinerea) and was always embedded in efficient IHPLUS®BF microorganisms. Physiological parameters of primary and secondary metabolism were measured at 30 days, and morphological growth indicators at 30 and 60 days. In E-II, 5 treatments were used: T-1: Unfertilized soil, T-2: Combination of 50% soil-50% compost + Rhizobium, T-3: Combination of 50% soil-50% compost + Trichoderma, T-4: Combination of 50% soil-50% compost with micronized dolomite + Rhizobium and T-5: Combination of 50% soil-50% compost with micronized dolomite + Trichoderma. Morphological growth indicators were measured at 60 days and production of dry aerial biomass at the time of transplant. Results: the results show that in Trial-I the best variant was T-3: soil 50%+IHPLUS®BF enriched Biochar 25%+ash 25%. Test-II, all the variants studied were superior to the control. Conclusion: The results confirmed the effectiveness of these alternatives to grow T. diversifolia plants under nursery conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the integrated management of the fertilization with biofertilizer, organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on Tithonia diversifolia forage production was evaluated. A total of nine treatments (application of 0, 70 and 100 kg N ha-1; 0, 70 and 100 kg N ha-1 plus the coinoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizoglomus irregulare, and 0, 70 and 100 kg N ha-1 combine with the coinoculation with both biofertilizer plus the application of 25 t ha-1 cattle manure) were studied in a random block design with four repetitions. The inoculum with R. irregulare was applied using the Canavalia ensiformis as precedent crop and way for the reproduction of mycorrhizal propagules in the soil for Tithonia inoculation, and the inoculum with A. brasilense, at 15 d after Tithonia planting, at a rate of 20 L ha-1.The manure increased (p<0.01) the contents of OM, assimilable P and k interchangeable of the soil. Their application, combine with the coinoculation with both biofertilizer, caused the higher levels of mycorrhizal colonization, concentrations and extractions of N, P and K in the aerial biomass and yields higher (p<0.01) to those reached with the nitrogen fertilization, alone or with the biofertilizer (24 t DM ha-1). It is concluded that the integrated management of the fertilization by the application of cattle manure and the coinoculation with A. brasilense and R. irregulare is effective to increase the yield of Tithonia forage, reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the soil fertility [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ethnobotanical study was conducted on 20 plants belonging to 18 genera of the Asteraceae family. The aims of this research were to explore the current ethnobotanical status of the identified plant species, document their indigenous utilization for diverse purposes within the specific research area and assess the extent of Asteraceae plant usage by the local population. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and open-ended interview techniques with different categories of informants in the Ife Central Local Government Area of Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Demographic data of respondents were analyzed using a descriptive statistical method, providing understandings into their characteristics. The ethnobotanical survey results were subjected to quantitative analysis employing several parameters. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was utilized to determine the prominence of plant species in terms of citations. The Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) were employed to assess plant importance, therapeutic efficacy, and consensus among informants, respectively. Ethnobotanical study of the selected Asteraceae plants revealed the traditional uses of these plants for diverse purposes for both humans and livestock. The average ICF value was 0.92, indicating a relatively high consensus among the respondents. Ageratum conyzpidss, Tithonia diversifolia, Aspilia africana, Launaea taraxacifolia and Tridax procumbens were the most cited of all the species, hence their high RFC values. Fidelity Level (FL) had the highest value in Aspilia africana, Tithonia diversifolia and Ageratum confides while Acmella radicans had the lowest FL value. According to this study, Ageratum conyzoides (0.10) and Launaea taraxacifolia (0.10) had the highest use value. The study concluded that the Asteraceae species have several edible, ornamental and medicinal uses, which have not been explored extensively in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Much cattle manure and Tithonia are in abundance in the Guinea savanna of Nigeria where sesame has been found to do well. The cost of inorganic fertilizer is going beyond the reach of the average sesame farmer; the need therefore arises to synthesize farming practices that incorporate the rich organic materials locally available as a substitute for inorganic fertilizer for sustainable food production.Methods A study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons, to evaluate the performance of sesame using T. diversifolia and cattle manures. The following treatments; T. diversifolia (control, 0.9, 1.8 and 2.7 tha-1) and cattle manure (7.5, 15 and 22.5 tha-1) were used. Treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design, and replicated four times. Data on soil water content, growth and morphological characters and yield were collected.Result Results showed that T. diversifolia and cattle manures application improved soil water and nutrient contents, growth and yield attributes of sesame. Tithonia diversifolia applied at 2.7 tha-1 and cattle manure applied at 22.5 tha-1 gave the highest growth attributes, T. diversifolia applied at the rate of 1.8 tha-1 gave a yield of 547.2 kgha-1 and 527.6 kgha-1 in the 1st and 2nd seasons respectively. Cattle manure at 15 tha-1 gave a yield of 517.3 and 517.2 kgha-1 in first and second season respectively.Conclusion Farmers are advised to use T. diversifolia at the rate of 1.8tha-1 for high yield.

Tithonia diversifolia is often grown as a cover crop or as a green manure crop in climate-smart agriculture practices. This plant can be harvested at various growth stages, and the biomass can be incorporated into the soil. The decomposition of plant biomass enhances the soil's nutrients, organic matter content, and crop productivity. This study aimed to determine the best harvesting stage of T. diversifolia to be used as an efficient soil amendment for coconut plantations. Samples were collected at one-, two-, three-, and four-month harvesting stages from an existing T. diversifolia field at Rathmalagara Research Station of the Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka. In the study, both plant-growth parameters and the nutrient composition of each plant part were individually evaluated for every section of the plant. Biochar was prepared from hardwood stems of T. diversifolia using them as the feedstock under five different temperatures from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃, and a proximate analysis was performed for the characterization of produced biochar. The mean values of measured parameters of T. diversifolia and the properties of biochar were significantly different (p < 0.05) at different growth stages and temperatures, respectively. Considering all the measured parameters of T. diversifolia, the three-month harvesting stage can be suggested as the best growth stage for it to be used as green manure. According to the proximate-analysis results, and by observing the half-burning of produced biochar, 500 ℃ can be proposed as the ideal temperature to produce biochar from hardwood stems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In horticultural crops, including chili, the wide use of synthetic fungicides has manifested to control anthracnose disease; however, these chemicals have some side effects to deal with. In reducing the dependency on synthetic fungicides, other alternatives and means need searching to prevent pathogenic fungi. Therefore, the presented study sought to examine plant extracts with the potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal organism of anthracnose disease in chili. This study collected 20 potential plant species for the investigation. The leaf extraction used the maceration method in methanol and n-hexane. The contents of chemical compounds sustained the GC-MS analysis. All the leaf extracts tested for their bioactivity underwent the colony method and diffusion well. The results revealed that out of 20 types of plants, six plant species were capable of inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum fungi, including Piper nigrum, Piper ornatum, Piper retrofractum, Ficus septica, Samanea saman, and Tithonia diversifolia. The leaf extract of F. septica has the highest inhibition rate (81.11%) for the growth of C. acutatum compared with other plant leaf extracts. The GC-MS analysis of the F. septica leaf extract showed the presence of 15 types of metabolite constituents, with nine having antimicrobial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Edible trees and shrubs have been evaluated to improve animal nutrition and mitigate the emission of greenhouse gasses from ruminants. In the present study, researchers visited some farmers and identified eight potentially edible Brazilian trees. Nutritional value and gas (and methane) production from these edible trees were evaluated. The leaves of Aroeira, Candeia, and Jatobá had limited nutritional value. Samples of Santa Bárbara trees, Mulberry, and Tithonia showed an improved nutritional value. Furthermore, Tithonia decreased methane emissions and is a potentially edible tree for multifunctional redesigned ruminant production systems. The present study aims to evaluate the nutritional value of different tree and shrub leaves in Brazilian ruminant production systems. Eight potentially edible trees and shrubs were identified from interviews with 30 ruminant producers: Aroeira (ARO; Lithraea molleoides), Black Mulberry (BMU; Morus nigra), Candeia (CAN; Eremanthus erythropappus), Jatobá (JAT; Hymenaea courbaril), Gliricídia (GLI; Gliricidia sepium), Santa Bárbara tree (SBT; Mélia azedarach), Tithonia (TIT; Tithonia diversifolia), and White Mulberry (WMU; Morus alba). Four leaf samples of each edible tree were sampled, and chemical analyses and in vitro assays were performed. Edible trees (except CAN and JAT) had lower neutral detergent fiber content than Mombasa grass. In addition, SBT, BMU, WMU, and TIT had lower fiber content than the other evaluated edible trees. Consequently, SBT, TIT, BMU, and WMU had improved dry matter degradation. Among the edible trees and shrubs, SMW and WMU increased the potential for gas production (a parameter). On the other hand, CAN decreased the estimated gas production 48 h after incubation. Furthermore, TIT decreased methane production up to 24 h after in vitro fermentation. Thus, except ARO, CAN, and JAT, the edible trees evaluated in the present study are potential feeds in moderate- to high-producing animals. Additionally, TIT fermentation reduces in vitro methane production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the alternatives identified as capable of making livestock farming a more efficient activity and reducing its environmental impact, the use of feeds with high digestibility and the use of non-conventional fodder species can be highlighted. Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (TD) has already gained attention as a feed for ruminants. Nonetheless, there has been little discussion about the impacts of this plant on the rumen dynamics that lead to better animal performance. The aim of this study was to assess how increasing levels of TD could affect ruminal microbial biomass synthesis, degradability, and in vitro gas production (IVGP) of diets. Four diets were evaluated: a control diet (TD0: 400 g kg−1 soybean meal and maize grain, and 600 g kg−1 Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.)) and three increasing levels of TD (TD9: 90, TD27: 270, and TD45: 450 g kg−1–dry matter basis) as a replacement for dietary roughage. A 96 h IVGP assay was carried out and five incubation times (2, 4, 10, 24, and 96 h) were used for degradability determination. Gas produced, methane (CH4), degradability of organic matter (IVDOM), short-chained fatty acid (SCFA) production, partitioning factor (PF), and microbial biomass (MB) were evaluated among treatments. There was no significant effect (p > 0.05) between TD inclusion and IVGP at most incubation times; only at 6 h of incubation did gas production increase linearly with TD inclusion (R2 = 0.19; p < 0.05). TD inclusion had no effects on CH4. IVDOM increased linearly with TD inclusion at 6 and 10 h, with TD45 being more degradable than the control diet at 6 h only. There was a positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.20; p < 0.05) between TD inclusion and PF. TD45 had significantly higher PF values than the control. MB also increased linearly (R2 = 0.30; p < 0.05) with TD inclusion, and all diets with TD had significantly more MB than the control diet. The inclusion of TD at the levels used in this work was revealed to have a positive impact on microbial protein synthesis, which could be related to the higher microbial efficiency of increased substrate quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) are recognized as major threats to the environmental and ecological systems with great potential to disrupt global biodiversity, forestry, livelihood, and human health. Nevertheless, ecological and socio-economic investigations of IAPs to facilitate restoration strategies are insufficient in many species. The potential risks posed by Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, an emerging Asteraceae IAP has scantily been addressed in terms of its nature and/or impacts (e.g., phytochemistry, allelo/aroma-chemicals, chemical ecology, livelihood, and human well-being). This review aims to provide a first-hand assessment on potential threats and benefits of T. diversifolia and other Asteraceae IAPs in a multifaceted 'environment-agriculture-energy-health nexus' or 'biorefinery' prospects. Standard methods were used to quest the multifaceted implications of T. diversifolia invasion, mainly in the time frame of 2011 to 2023. Research platforms such as Scopus, Sciencedirect, and Google Scholar facilitated the literature collection. Adequate operation of filters was performed in selecting articles (n = 255) to deliver the state of the art knowledge in South Africa and globally. Applications of T. diversifolia are also discussed to cover diverse fields (e.g., agriculture, food industry, pharmaceuticals, bio/ethnomedicine, environmental remediation, bioenergy, biochar production, and phytosynthesis of engineered nanoparticles). An explicit assessment of IAPs can enable a judicial cost-benefit analysis to help determine its ecological economics while pursuing the targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. [Display omitted] • Invasive alien plants (IAPs) in Asteraceae can exert detrimental impacts on the biodiversity, environment, agriculture, and livelihood. • Reproductive attributes and allelochemic metabolites of T. diversifolia can facilitate their landscape spread. • Biomedical and biorefinery prospects of IAP are explored using T. diversifolia. • T. diversifolia can contribute to agriculture, environmental remediation, and human health facilitating sustainable management [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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