1. Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites
- Author
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Venkatakrishna R. Jala, Bodduluri Haribabu, Sweta Ghosh, and Caleb Samuel Whitley
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cell Membrane Permeability ,GF, germ free ,RC799-869 ,Review ,Gut flora ,Microbial Metabolites ,FICZ, 6-formylindolo(3,2-b) carbazole ,EA, ellagic acid ,IEC, intestinal epithelial cell ,0302 clinical medicine ,ZO, zonula occludens ,TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Intestinal Mucosa ,LCA, lithocholic acid ,Barrier function ,TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid ,NOD, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain ,biology ,Gut barrier ,IBD, inflammatory bowel disease ,FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation ,Microbiota ,Human gastrointestinal tract ,Gastroenterology ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,CLDN, claudin ,OCLN, occludin ,Cell biology ,Gut Epithelium ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,TJ, tight junction ,AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ,SCFA, short-chain fatty acid ,Metabolome ,GP-BAR, G protein–coupled bile acid receptor ,LPS, lipopolysaccharide ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,ALD, alcoholic liver disease ,IBS, irritable bowel syndrome ,TPE-CA, total phenolic extracts of Citrus aurantium L ,NLR, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor ,digestive system ,Permeability ,UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid ,CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid ,TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,FXR, farnesoid X receptor ,DSS, dextran sulfate sodium ,UroA, urolithin A ,PKC, protein kinase C ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,ET, ellagitannin ,MLCK, myosin light-chain kinase ,EGF, epidermal growth factor ,TLR, Toll like receptor ,Tight Junction Proteins ,Hepatology ,GLP, glucagon-like peptide ,CLA, conjugated linoleic acid ,GJ, gap junction ,biology.organism_classification ,sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase ,AJ, adherens junction ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,IL, interleukin ,MUC2, mucin 2 ,030104 developmental biology ,DCA, deoxycholic acid ,Metagenomics ,Gut Barrier Function ,GPCR, G protein–coupled receptor ,Function (biology) - Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract (GI) harbors a diverse population of microbial life that continually shapes host pathophysiological responses. Despite readily available abundant metagenomic data, the functional dynamics of gut microbiota remain to be explored in various health and disease conditions. Microbiota generate a variety of metabolites from dietary products that influence host health and pathophysiological functions. Since gut microbial metabolites are produced in close proximity to gut epithelium, presumably they have significant impact on gut barrier function and immune responses. The goal of this review is to discuss recent advances on gut microbial metabolites in the regulation of intestinal barrier function. While the mechanisms of action of these metabolites are only beginning to emerge, they mainly point to a small group of shared pathways that control gut barrier functions. Amidst expanding technology and broadening knowledge, exploitation of beneficial microbiota and their metabolites to restore pathophysiological balance will likely prove to be an extremely useful remedial tool.
- Published
- 2020