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This study estimates the relationships between street network characteristics and transport-sector CO2 emissions across every urban area in the world and investigates whether they are the same across development levels and urban design paradigms. The prior literature has estimated relationships between street network design and transport emissions – including greenhouse gases implicated in climate change – primarily through case studies focusing on certain world regions or relatively small samples of cities, complicating generalizability and applicability for evidence-informed practice. Our worldwide study finds that straighter, more-connected, and less-overbuilt street networks are associated with lower transport emissions, all else equal. Importantly, these relationships vary across development levels and design paradigms – yet most prior literature reports findings from urban areas that are outliers by global standards. Planners need a better empirical base for evidence-informed practice in under-studied regions, particularly the rapidly urbanizing Global South.

In the context of rapidly urbanizing cities, integrating sustainable technologies into public transportation systems is important. This study examines the policies and legislative frameworks of NEOM and articulates their impact on the adoption and expansion of sustainable technologies within the public transport domain. The objective is to determine whether these regulatory mechanisms facilitate or impede NEOM's sustainability ambitions. The main finding is that NEOM's current legislative and policy framework presents notable challenges. The commitment to advancing sustainable technologies is clear, tension exists between the rigidity of traditional legislative approaches and the rapidly evolving nature of technological innovation. Our analysis suggests NEOM has considerable potential to reform its policies and measures. Recalibration would ensure compatibility with sustainable practices and drive the city's vision for a sustainable and technologically advanced public transportation system. The study recommendations highlight the need for flexible, innovation‐centric legal frameworks. A more adaptable legislative approach could inform NEOM to leverage sustainable technologies more effectively, ensuring an environmentally responsible public transportation system that serves its expanding user community. Furthermore, this research offers broader implications for other emerging smart cities, underscoring the essential relationship between policy, technology, and sustainability in shaping future‐ready urban transport systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing need to implement modern technologies, such as digital twinning, to improve the efficiency of transport fleet maintenance processes and maintain company operational capacity at the required level. A comprehensive review of the existing literature is conducted to address this, offering an up-to-date analysis of relevant content in this field. The methodology employed is a systematic literature review using the Primo multi-search tool, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The selection criteria focused on English studies published between 2012 and 2024, resulting in 201 highly relevant papers. These papers were categorized into seven groups: (a) air transportation, (b) railway transportation, (c) land transportation (road), (d) in-house logistics, (e) water and intermodal transportation, (f) supply chain operation, and (g) other applications. A notable strength of this study is its use of diverse scientific databases facilitated by the multi-search tool. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis was performed, revealing the evolution of DT applications over the past decade and identifying key areas such as predictive maintenance, condition monitoring, and decision-making processes. This study highlights the varied levels of adoption across different transport sectors and underscores promising areas for future development, particularly in underrepresented domains like supply chains and water transport. Additionally, this paper identifies significant research gaps, including integration challenges, real-time data processing, and standardization needs. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on enhancing predictive diagnostics, automating maintenance processes, and optimizing inventory management. This study also outlines a framework for DT in transportation systems, detailing key components and functionalities essential for effective maintenance management. The findings provide a roadmap for future innovations and improvements in DT applications within the transportation industry. This study ends with conclusions and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing suitable alternatives to the existing fossil fuels can provide insightful aspects of the expected benefits. In the energy sector, the transportation system is one of the key contributors to fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas productions. To elaborate on the performance of each introduced alternative, two perspectives are considered; short-term and long-term evaluations. In the short outlook, the PROMETHEE method is used for evaluation. Six scenarios are introduced based on the technical, economic, social, and policy criteria and each scenario benefits from different weights. In this scheme, the impacts of evolutions in the battery applications in the vehicles are investigated. Based on the short-term study, CNG and gasoline are considered the best options for the fuels of vehicles in Iran by taking into consideration the current situation. By viewing the technical and economic criteria, it was concluded that the Li-Ion battery provides better performance in comparison with gasoline in the long run. By 2040, the number of EVs will reach 10% of the overall vehicle production. It is obtained that the benefits of the electrical vehicles' presence as the alternative to the internal combustion vehicles can provide growing interest in this outlook from 2.02 × 106 US$ in 2025 to 17.55 × 108 US$ in 2040. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introducing suitable alternatives to the existing fossil fuels can provide insightful aspects of the expected benefits. In the energy sector, the transportation system is one of the key contributors to fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas productions. To elaborate on the performance of each introduced alternative, two perspectives are considered; short-term and long-term evaluations. In the short outlook, the PROMETHEE method is used for evaluation. Six scenarios are introduced based on the technical, economic, social, and policy criteria and each scenario benefits from different weights. In this scheme, the impacts of evolutions in the battery applications in the vehicles are investigated. Based on the short-term study, CNG and gasoline are considered the best options for the fuels of vehicles in Iran by taking into consideration the current situation. By viewing the technical and economic criteria, it was concluded that the Li-Ion battery provides better performance in comparison with gasoline in the long run. By 2040, the number of EVs will reach 10% of the overall vehicle production. It is obtained that the benefits of the electrical vehicles’ presence as the alternative to the internal combustion vehicles can provide growing interest in this outlook from 2.02 × 106 US$ in 2025 to 17.55 × 108 US$ in 2040.

The swift recuperation of communities following natural hazards heavily relies on the efficiency of transportation systems, facilitating the timely delivery of vital resources and manpower to reconstruction sites. This paper delves into the pivotal role of transportation systems in aiding the recovery of built environments, proposing an evaluative metric that correlates transportation capacity with the speed of post-earthquake recovery. Focusing on optimizing urban population capacity in the aftermath of earthquakes, the study comprehensively examines the impact of pre-earthquake measures such as enhancing building or bridge seismic performance on post-earthquake urban population capacity. The methodology is demonstrated through an analysis of Beijing’s transportation system, elucidating how enhancements to transportation infrastructure fortify the resilience of built environments. Additionally, the concept of a resource supply rate is introduced to gauge the level of logistical support available after an earthquake. This rate tends to decrease when transportation damage is significant or when the demands for repairs overwhelm available resources, indicating a need for retrofitting. Through sensitivity analysis, this study explores how investments in the built environment or logistical systems can increase the resource supply rate, thereby contributing to more resilient urban areas in the face of seismic challenges.

Banyumas is one of the famous tourist destinations in Central Java with its natural attractions. Tourism growth in Banyumas requires capable and sustainable transportation infrastructure. However, current policies and investments in Banyumas are inappropriate for developing transportation and tourism infrastructure that creates non-significant impact. Therefore, the development of tourism projection should consider environmental, social, economics, and technology interrelated in developing transportation and tourism infrastructure issues. The tourism supply chain has a unique structure that is different from typical supply chains with high complexity because many stakeholders are involved. This research aims to project Banyumas tourism development with the impact of transportation system improvement. This conceptual model was developed from literature reviews and other necessary sources, and then validated by experts. The conceptual model examines the relationship between variables involved in the tourism supply chain and transportation system in Banyumas that can be developed into a quantitative model using Causal Loop Diagram, an initial stage of system dynamics. This model used to analyze the behavior of visitor projection of the Banyumas tourism supply chain system in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the widespread attention on hydrogen energy, the operation optimization of the coupling system of hydrogen energy and transportation has become a critical issue. Therefore, this study develops a hydrogen-containing energy transportation coupling system for the system collaborative operation framework, operation mode and equipment modelling of the system. Furthermore, a medium- to long-term operation optimization model and a short-term operation optimization model were constructed considering the differences in the operation of coupled systems at different timescales and operating costs as the objective function and power balance and system equipment as constraints. In the medium- and long-term operation optimization model, the planning scenario reduction method is used to reduce the wind power generation scenario. In the short-term operation optimization model, a multivariate uncertainty model is constructed to represent the uncertainty in the coupling system. Subsequently, the solution method of the model is proposed. Finally, a coupled system is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the model. (i) When the initial scene set is 600, the typical scene reduction method using Latin hypercube sampling and the Wasserstein distance can reduce operating costs by 7.60% and 9.49% compared with K-means reduction and K-media reduction methods. (ii) The sensitivity coefficients of hydrogen sales price, electricity sales price and maintenance rate to operating costs are –0.031%, –1.009% and 0.0105%, respectively. (iii) Considering multiple uncertainties can help make optimal decisions based on the overall consideration of disadvantage scenarios, thereby reducing system operating costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to propose a public transport reorganization system that allows the improvement of urban vehicle flow. The lack of adequate transportation infrastructure and the existing disorder in the services provided by collective car, Microbus, Rural Public Transportation Van (Combi), Coaster, and mototaxis generate congestion in public transportation, especially during peak hours, resulting in environmental and noise pollution. The research was structured into four stages: data collection on the public and private transportation network, importing and creating the transportation network in the urban area of the Huánuco district, zoning and connectivity of the study area, and finally, creating the origin/destination (O/D) matrix for public transportation, supported by digital tools (ArcGIS 10.5, AutoCAD 2018, Excel 2017). To meet the demand of 135,343 passengers from South to North and 118,958 from North to South, the proposal includes establishing one main route and seven feeder routes, requiring 422 buses and road infrastructure, as depicted in the proposal This system will have exclusive lanes to operate the Mass Transit System, allowing it to accommodate 59% of users who prefer using public transportation. This proposal aims to offer an efficient and high-quality transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage systems are essential in modern energy infrastructure, addressing efficiency, power quality, and reliability challenges in DC/AC power systems. Recognized for their indispensable role in ensuring grid stability and seamless integration with renewable energy sources. These storage systems prove crucial for aircraft, shipboard systems, and electric vehicles, addressing peak load demands economically while enhancing overall system reliability and efficiency. Recent advancements and research have focused on high-power storage technologies, including supercapacitors, superconducting magnetic energy storage, and flywheels, characterized by high-power density and rapid response, ideally suited for applications requiring rapid charging and discharging. Hybrid energy storage systems and multiple energy storage devices represent enhanced flexibility and resilience, making them increasingly attractive for diverse applications, including critical loads. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent technological advancements in high-power storage devices, including lithium-ion batteries, recognized for their high energy density. In addition, a summary of hybrid energy storage system applications in microgrids and scenarios involving critical and pulse loads is provided. The research further discusses power, energy, cost, life, and performance technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image steganography is a technique of concealing confidential information within an image without dramatically changing its outside look. Whereas vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), which enable vehicles to communicate with one another and with roadside infrastructure to enhance safety and traffic flow provide a range of value-added services, as they are an essential component of modern smart transportation systems. VANETs steganography has been suggested by many authors for secure, reliable message transfer between terminal/hope to terminal/hope and also to secure it from attack for privacy protection. This paper aims to determine whether using steganography is possible to improve data security and secrecy in VANET applications and to analyze effective steganography techniques for incorporating data into images while minimizing visual quality loss. According to simulations in literature and real-world studies, Image steganography proved to be an effective method for secure communication on VANETs, even in difficult network conditions. In this research, we also explore a variety of steganography approaches for vehicular ad-hoc network transportation systems like vector embedding, statistics, spatial domain (SD), transform domain (TD), distortion, masking, and filtering. This study possibly shall help researchers to improve vehicle networks' ability to communicate securely and lay the door for innovative steganography methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses challenges in road extraction from remote sensing imagery by introducing a novel approach leveraging Dilated Convolution-based layers and Vision Transformer (ViT). ViT extracts features from image patches, capturing relationships via self-attention and refining with a feedforward neural network. The model incorporates dilated convolution for an enlarged receptive field without increased parameters, enhancing road extraction. Fusion of Dilated Convolution-based layers with ViT forms feature representation, enabling the encoder-decoder architecture to predict roads pixel-wise. Experimental results on the DGR dataset showcase the approach’s high performance (F1 score: 98%, recall: 96.5%, specificity: 96.7%, accuracy: 98.8%, precision: 97.75%), demonstrating resilience across dataset sizes and geographical regions. This approach holds promise for real-world applications and future advancements in remote sensing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety and reliability of undivided two-way highway–rail grade crossings (HRGCs) are of paramount importance in transportation systems. Utilizing crash data from the Federal Railroad Administration between 2020 and 2021, this study aims to predict crash injury severity outcomes and investigate various factors influencing injury severities. The χ2 test was first used to select variables that were significantly associated with injury outcomes. By employing the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and interpretable SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), a cross-category safety assessment that offers an evidence-based hierarchy and statistical inference of risk factors associated with crashes, crossings, vehicles, drivers, and environment was provided for killed, injured, and uninjured outcomes. Some significant predictors overlapped between the killed and injured models, such as old driver, driver was in vehicle, main track, went around the gate, adverse crossing surface, and truck, while the other different significant factors revealed that the model could distinguish between different severity levels. Additionally, the results suggested that the model has varying performances in predicting different injury severities, with the killed model having the highest accuracy of 93.36%. The SHAP dependency plots for the top three features also ensure reliable predictions and inform potential interventions aimed at strengthening traffic safety and risk management practices, such as enhanced warning systems and targeted educational campaigns for older drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming, induced by the effects of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), is a major concern in the context of the global ecosystem. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has issued a serious warning that without serious handling of GHG emissions, the earth's temperature has the potential to increase drastically by up to 6.4°C. In facing this challenge, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), as an analytical method, becomes an important instrument for evaluating the impact of a product or process throughout its life cycle. This research has a special focus on evaluating strategies for transporting waste from the Panakkukang sub-district to the Tamangapa final disposal site (TPA) in Makassar city. By comparing existing waste transportation routes and alternative scenarios, this research aims to identify transportation routes that have the smallest contribution to the Global Warming Potential (GWP). It is hoped that the results of this research can provide valuable guidance for the development of a sustainable waste transportation system in the city. Thus, this research not only has the potential to increase awareness of environmental impacts but can also make a significant contribution to efforts to create a friendly and sustainable environment in an increasingly urgent era of global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banyumas is one of the famous tourist destinations in Central Java with its natural attractions. Tourism growth in Banyumas requires capable and sustainable transportation infrastructure. However, current policies and investments in Banyumas are inappropriate for developing transportation and tourism infrastructure that creates non-significant impact. Therefore, the development of tourism projection should consider environmental, social, economics, and technology interrelated in developing transportation and tourism infrastructure issues. The tourism supply chain has a unique structure that is different from typical supply chains with high complexity because many stakeholders are involved. This research aims to project Banyumas tourism development with the impact of transportation system improvement. This conceptual model was developed from literature reviews and other necessary sources, and then validated by experts. The conceptual model examines the relationship between variables involved in the tourism supply chain and transportation system in Banyumas that can be developed into a quantitative model using Causal Loop Diagram, an initial stage of system dynamics. This model used to analyze the behavior of visitor projection of the Banyumas tourism supply chain system in Indonesia.

Transportation systems design might be supported by participatory approaches refining service design, user experiences, and safety research. The evaluation of mobility alternatives as design improvement strategies requires more advanced instructional techniques with new structures of complexity that can demonstrate, analyze, or compare system performances in order to achieve environmental sustainability in general and the well-being of the end-users in particular. As an emerging technology, games are capable of representing operations and management of passenger freight transportation and increase situational awareness of capacity bottlenecks. However, few research efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of the research progress. Based on the profiling methodology that has been previously employed in retrospect of healthcare simulations, this article presents a bibliometric review of games for health in transportation systems. The study carries out a literature analysis of the modelling methods to assemble gamified scenarios from a planning and managerial perspective. The Web of Science Core Collections are used to identify research items and investigate all the game-based studies in the cross-disciplinary research area of transportation and public health. The technology, game mechanism, and the health-related issue addressed are grouped into broad categories. The research findings are three-fold. (1) The majority of publications are classified into research efforts revolving around slow and road transportation modes. (2) Although scores, badges, and challenges are considered as the frequently seen gamification features, environmental simulation, avatars, and narratives appear as game mechanisms for the activation of the individual decision-making process. (3) Introducing system dynamics, human-computer interaction design, and a stakeholder accountability framework into the multi-stakeholder simulation setting leverages gaming outcomes with health benefits amid transportation system end-users. The literature study concludes with an integrated framework summarizing the best design practices between 2002 and 2022 on how the lessons learned from serious gameplay in virtual environments could translate into real mobility improvements. A selection of future research questions is curated to envisage new links between transportation and health research communities.

There is a growing need to implement modern technologies, such as digital twinning, to improve the efficiency of transport fleet maintenance processes and maintain company operational capacity at the required level. A comprehensive review of the existing literature is conducted to address this, offering an up-to-date analysis of relevant content in this field. The methodology employed is a systematic literature review using the Primo multi-search tool, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The selection criteria focused on English studies published between 2012 and 2024, resulting in 201 highly relevant papers. These papers were categorized into seven groups: (a) air transportation, (b) railway transportation, (c) land transportation (road), (d) in-house logistics, (e) water and intermodal transportation, (f) supply chain operation, and (g) other applications. A notable strength of this study is its use of diverse scientific databases facilitated by the multi-search tool. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis was performed, revealing the evolution of DT applications over the past decade and identifying key areas such as predictive maintenance, condition monitoring, and decision-making processes. This study highlights the varied levels of adoption across different transport sectors and underscores promising areas for future development, particularly in underrepresented domains like supply chains and water transport. Additionally, this paper identifies significant research gaps, including integration challenges, real-time data processing, and standardization needs. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on enhancing predictive diagnostics, automating maintenance processes, and optimizing inventory management. This study also outlines a framework for DT in transportation systems, detailing key components and functionalities essential for effective maintenance management. The findings provide a roadmap for future innovations and improvements in DT applications within the transportation industry. This study ends with conclusions and future research directions.

Problem statement: The rapid growth of metropolises has increased the population and the desire to use cars more. In the meantime, the metropolis of Tehran is not exempt from this problem and has been struggling with its many complications for years. The use and promotion of cycling as one of the cleanest modes of transportation has always been considered as one of the solutions. Many obstacles and factors influence the use of bicycle paths. Therefore, it is necessary to find solutions, with the help of which it is possible to get the most acceptance and satisfaction of citizens from these routes. In this regard, the upcoming research aims to investigate the factors affecting the citizens' level of satisfaction with bicycle paths in Tehran based on the opinions and preferences of citizens who use these paths. This research is applied in terms of type and follows a mixed-method approach, combining the quantitative and qualitative research methods. At first, indicators were extracted through a review of sources. To measure the level of users' satisfaction with the cycling paths, a number of 138 questionnaires were completed by Tehrani citizens who use these cycling routes. The factor analysis method was used to extract factors and multivariate regression to check the correlation between citizens' satisfaction with bike paths and the mentioned factors. After 44 Varimax rotations, a total of 14 factors with a cumulative variance higher than 60% were extracted. Two of the above factors included only one index and were removed. A multivariate regression was established among the remaining 12 factors as independent variables and citizen satisfaction as dependent variables. A direct and meaningful relationship exists between citizens' satisfaction and road condition factors, visual factors, facilities and equipment, institutional factors, organizational status, social factors, traffic management and planning, and time factors. Therefore, it is suggested that managers, planners, designers, and all staff affecting urban planning pay attention to the factors influencing citizens' satisfaction with cycling routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study aims to identify Padma Bridge’s impact on Barisal Division’s transportation system. Through an extensive literature analysis, a total of 19 impact factors have been identified. A questionnaire was formed to evaluate public perception by rating these 19 factors using a Likert scale from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). A total of 614 responses were collected from the users of different transportation modes like buses, passenger ferries, and aeroplanes. A structural equation (SE) model was developed to evaluate the impact of the Padma Bridge on the transportation system. The relative importance index (RII) technique was also used to verify the SE model by establishing the weights given to each factor. According to the SEM path coefficient value, the impact factors are divided into three zones: red, yellow, and green, based on their significance. Among 19 factors, nine are in the red zone, three are in the yellow zone, and seven factors fall into the green zone. Due to the Padma Bridge, there has been a radical change in the bus sector. Destinations are being reached in less time, new buses are connected, daily bus trips have increased, and goods are transported in less time. On the contrary, passenger ferries are experiencing a sharp decline in passenger numbers, daily trips are reducing, and staff members are losing their jobs. The outcome of this study will help the authorities and stakeholders to establish a sustainable transportation system in Barisal Division.

Abstract The city development is closely related to the performance of the transportation network system. Bridges and roads are important parts of the transportation system, and are also inseparable components of the transportation network. However, the effect of the correlation between bridges and roads on the network system has not been studies thoroughly in the literature. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the vulnerability of the road network when both bridges and roads are involved. In this paper, the urban road network is modeled into the form of network connection and node, based on the analysis of the related research results of road network vulnerability in the literature. Taking the urban roads at all levels as the connection and the transportation hubs (including bridges) as the nodes, the paper puts forward the corresponding measurement indexes and calculation methods, and establishes the importance and correlation analysis model of roads and bridges in the urban road network. At last, the model is applied to the road network which is 5 × 3 km2 besides Yangpu Bridge of Shanghai for verification, the importance and correlation of specific roads and bridges in the analyzed urban road network are calculated, which provides a certain basis for dealing with various emergencies leading to the decline of urban road network vulnerability. In this paper, the importance analysis of urban road network is extended to the bridge correlation analysis, so that the proposed model of the vulnerability assessment of the urban road network system is more suitable for the increasingly demand of road and bridge construction in China, and provides a certain basis for dealing with the decline of road network vulnerability caused by various emergencies.

This study aims to identify Padma Bridge's impact on Barisal Division's transportation system. Through an extensive literature analysis, a total of 19 impact factors have been identified. A questionnaire was formed to evaluate public perception by rating these 19 factors using a Likert scale from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). A total of 614 responses were collected from the users of different transportation modes like buses, passenger ferries, and aeroplanes. A structural equation (SE) model was developed to evaluate the impact of the Padma Bridge on the transportation system. The relative importance index (RII) technique was also used to verify the SE model by establishing the weights given to each factor. According to the SEM path coefficient value, the impact factors are divided into three zones: red, yellow, and green, based on their significance. Among 19 factors, nine are in the red zone, three are in the yellow zone, and seven factors fall into the green zone. Due to the Padma Bridge, there has been a radical change in the bus sector. Destinations are being reached in less time, new buses are connected, daily bus trips have increased, and goods are transported in less time. On the contrary, passenger ferries are experiencing a sharp decline in passenger numbers, daily trips are reducing, and staff members are losing their jobs. The outcome of this study will help the authorities and stakeholders to establish a sustainable transportation system in Barisal Division. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies frequently explored the relationship between economic performance and transport investments. However, how the performance of the economy relates to the usage of transport in Africa and Nigeria in particular is poorly explored prompting investigation on the nexus between railway passenger travel and economic development in Nigeria. The study employed the Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) Model to analyse the 60-year annual time series data of railway passenger movement, annual GDP, and inflation. Results indicate about 72.5% of the variables entered in the model accounted for 72.5% of changes observed in railway passenger traffic with Lag 1 of passenger travel exerting the most substantial influence on the output. The result further shows Inflation and GDP (x = 0.485223; P = 0.7846.) as well as their lags are redundant in forecasting the 60-year data. The study concludes that economic performance does not influence travel by railways among passengers using railways in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city development is closely related to the performance of the transportation network system. Bridges and roads are important parts of the transportation system, and are also inseparable components of the transportation network. However, the effect of the correlation between bridges and roads on the network system has not been studies thoroughly in the literature. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the vulnerability of the road network when both bridges and roads are involved. In this paper, the urban road network is modeled into the form of network connection and node, based on the analysis of the related research results of road network vulnerability in the literature. Taking the urban roads at all levels as the connection and the transportation hubs (including bridges) as the nodes, the paper puts forward the corresponding measurement indexes and calculation methods, and establishes the importance and correlation analysis model of roads and bridges in the urban road network. At last, the model is applied to the road network which is 5 × 3 km2 besides Yangpu Bridge of Shanghai for verification, the importance and correlation of specific roads and bridges in the analyzed urban road network are calculated, which provides a certain basis for dealing with various emergencies leading to the decline of urban road network vulnerability. In this paper, the importance analysis of urban road network is extended to the bridge correlation analysis, so that the proposed model of the vulnerability assessment of the urban road network system is more suitable for the increasingly demand of road and bridge construction in China, and provides a certain basis for dealing with the decline of road network vulnerability caused by various emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to establish the design method and process of intelligent storage system for panel custom furniture enterprises, taking a factory with a daily output of 3 000 units as an example, through investigation and analysis of the proportion of direct sales orders and distribution orders, the storage capacity requirements such as the specifications and quantity of pallets and storage places were calculated. The capacity requirements of transfer systems such as transplanters, lifts and stackers were calculated according to the frequency of storage and working hours. According to the quantity and time required, the capacity requirements of loading system such as delivery staging area and loading channel were calculated. The results showed that the method and process established in this study are suitable for hardware, system requirement analysis and design of intelligent storage system of panel custom furniture enterprises, and can provide references for enterprises to scientifically design intelligent storage hardware system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Europe, there has been a significant shift in the movement of people and things. Nonetheless, despite the fact that transportation is an important component of the supply chain, its environmental consequences pose a severe threat to the ecosystem as a whole. As a result, we intend to explore the relationship between transportation, economy, and CO2 emissions. We used the Static method with Pooled OLS, then tested the Granger causality to validate the use of dynamic approach via the GMM system. The major findings revealed that GDP and trade openness had a considerable impact on CO2 emissions. Although the three modes of transportation have different effects on CO2 emissions, road density has a positive and considerable impact on CO2 emissions. The railway network is inversely connected to CO2 emissions. While the quantity of flight passengers has no substantial effect on emissions. In terms of the impulse response function, there is an initial shock in period 2 for the response of air passengers carried to CO2 emissions, followed by convergence back to zero in period 6, whereas road density has a slight decrease in period 2 with a post shock peak in period 4, followed by convergence back to zero in period 5. The variance decomposition results reveal a little increase until the fifth period for road density, air passengers, and trade openness with coefficients equal to 0.0893, 0.636, and 1.573, respectively, after which these three variables offer decreasing coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain (BC) with a clustering scheme can be used to build secure and smart Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), which provide improved data integrity, enhanced security, efficient resource allocation, and streamlined processes. This technology has revolutionized the transport industry by enabling safer, more efficient, and transparent transportation networks. Therefore, this paper concentrates on the design of a new Blockchain with a Quantum Mayfly Optimization-based Clustering Scheme for Secure and Smart Transport Systems (BQMFO-CSSTS) technique. The objective of the presented BQMFO-CSSTS technique is to build a secure VANET via a BC-based technology and clustering process. Moreover, the BQMFO-CSSTS technique initially uses a Quantum Mayfly Optimization (QMFO) system with a fitness function for the selection of cluster heads (CHs) and the cluster construction process. In addition, BC technology is used as trust infrastructure to provide trustworthy services to the user and protect the privacy of the CHs and cluster members (CMs). The proposed scheme leverages the decentralized and immutable nature of BC to establish trust and ensure the integrity of cluster formation in VANETs. Finally, the BQMFO-CSSTS technique uses trajectory similarity metrics to protect the integrity of the CMs against attacks. The simulation results of the BQMFO-CSSTS technique are validated using a series of measures. The comprehensive results reported the superior outcomes of the BQMFO-CSSTS method over other recent approaches, with the maximum throughput being 1644.52 kbps. Therefore, integration of BC technology provides a transparent and secure framework through which to manage cluster membership, data sharing, and trust establishment among vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this research is to propose a public transport reorganization system that allows the improvement of urban vehicle flow. The lack of adequate transportation infrastructure and the existing disorder in the services provided by collective car, Microbus, Rural Public Transportation Van (Combi), Coaster, and mototaxis generate congestion in public transportation, especially during peak hours, resulting in environmental and noise pollution. The research was structured into four stages: data collection on the public and private transportation network, importing and creating the transportation network in the urban area of the Huánuco district, zoning and connectivity of the study area, and finally, creating the origin/destination (O/D) matrix for public transportation, supported by digital tools (ArcGIS 10.5, AutoCAD 2018, Excel 2017). To meet the demand of 135,343 passengers from South to North and 118,958 from North to South, the proposal includes establishing one main route and seven feeder routes, requiring 422 buses and road infrastructure, as depicted in the proposal This system will have exclusive lanes to operate the Mass Transit System, allowing it to accommodate 59% of users who prefer using public transportation. This proposal aims to offer an efficient and high-quality transportation system.

The safety and reliability of undivided two-way highway–rail grade crossings (HRGCs) are of paramount importance in transportation systems. Utilizing crash data from the Federal Railroad Administration between 2020 and 2021, this study aims to predict crash injury severity outcomes and investigate various factors influencing injury severities. The χ2 test was first used to select variables that were significantly associated with injury outcomes. By employing the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and interpretable SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), a cross-category safety assessment that offers an evidence-based hierarchy and statistical inference of risk factors associated with crashes, crossings, vehicles, drivers, and environment was provided for killed, injured, and uninjured outcomes. Some significant predictors overlapped between the killed and injured models, such as old driver, driver was in vehicle, main track, went around the gate, adverse crossing surface, and truck, while the other different significant factors revealed that the model could distinguish between different severity levels. Additionally, the results suggested that the model has varying performances in predicting different injury severities, with the killed model having the highest accuracy of 93.36%. The SHAP dependency plots for the top three features also ensure reliable predictions and inform potential interventions aimed at strengthening traffic safety and risk management practices, such as enhanced warning systems and targeted educational campaigns for older drivers.

The gradual integration of the additive manufacturing into the common practice involves more complex requirements for the used materials. Although the additive manufacturing was mainly used for the rapid-prototyping purposes, with the development of the high-performance thermoplastic materials, the produced components can be applied not only in the laboratory conditions, but also in the real operation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider also the environmental influences that can significantly shorten the component lifetime. This article presents the 3D printing process for the selected thermoplastic polymers and the experimental verification of the strength analysis of the universal sensor holder together with the quantitative and qualitative comparison of their mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the pressing need to reduce the negative environmental impact of freight transportation we argue that it is essential to take account of the organization of the freight transportation system when considering how to address various individual activities and parts of the system. To support a transition to a more sustainable freight transportation system this paper examines the way in which different parts of the system interact and the way this can impact the scope for profound change. Taking loosely coupled systems (Weick, 1976) as a starting point, we scrutinize the couplings within and between three system layers of the freight transportation system: the supply chain layer, the transportation layer, and the infrastructure layer. In addition, we address two interfaces connecting these layers: the market for transportation services, and the traffic using the infrastructure. We find that tight couplings dominate in the supply chain and infrastructure layers and that these couplings depend on loose couplings in the transportation layer and the two interfaces. The pattern of couplings identified in the freight transportation system can explain several positive outcomes, such as flexibility and efficiency. But there are also major negative aspects of the loosely coupled nature of the system that create resistance to change and present a barrier in the drive for increased sustainability. The paper concludes that the identified couplings and system features have important implications for policies aiming to change the freight transportation system in ways that lead to significant reduction in the reliance on oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Together with the research and development of belt conveyors, diagnostic methods for their reliable operation have been developed. Our research is focused on the development of a diagnostic system and method of sensing the magnetic markers implemented directly into the conveyor belt, as in this way, it is possible to determine the velocity of the conveyor belt, which can be a source of information about the potential malfunction of the drive unit, control system, or of the belt itself. The magnetic markers can be also used to mark the particular segments of the conveyor belt, which can significantly enhance maintenance procedures thanks to the identification of damaged segments and the possibility to stop the conveyor belt in the maintenance area. However, problems can occur with the implementation of the magnetic markers. To prevent the magnetic markers from falling out, FEM (finite element method) simulations and analyses of commercially available magnetic markers with different dimensions were performed to analyze the nominal and friction force and related average contact pressure acting on the magnetic markers implemented into holes drilled into the conveyor belt in the curved state when passing through the drum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comprehensive and versatile view of Azerbaijan's transport and logistics system. As a result of the war, after the Karabakh lands were taken back from the thirty-year occupation, Zangezur, the ancient land of Azerbaijan, has also come to the fore to act as a corridor for the railways and highways of the region in the future. Special attention was paid to several points in the study. The first of these is the historical development of the transport and logistics system of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In the article, brief information was given about the status of the relevant system in the Soviet Era. The main focus of the research is the current state of the country's transport system and the development trends in the Nakhchivan region. In this respect, the general and economic information of the independence period and their processing have a special importance. The design, construction and commissioning of the Zangazur Corridor in terms of both railway and highway requirements reflects the long-term development of the subject. The aim of the study is to clarify the current situation, role, and importance at the international level of the transport and logistics system in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the status of improvements and transformations in this field. The research was carried out by applying grouping, comparative analysis and other related methods on the data obtained from the State Statistics Institute of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The findings obtained as a result of the research, Zangezur Corridor will contribute to the restructuring of the transport logistics system not only in Azerbaijan, but also in the whole region, especially in Iran, Turkey and Russia, and will create an opportunity for the economic and social development of the entire region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution reduction is a major objective for transport policy makers. This paper considers interventions in the form of clean air zones, and provide a machine learning approach to assess whether the objectives of the policy are achieved under the designed intervention. The dataset from the Newcastle Urban Observatory is used. The paper first tackles the challenge of finding datasets that are relevant to the policy objective. Focusing on the reduction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations, different machine learning algorithms are used to build models. The paper then addresses the challenge of validating the policy objective by comparing the NO2 concentrations of the zone in the two cases of with and without the intervention. A recurrent neural network is developed that can successfully predict the NO2 concentration with root mean square error of 0.95.