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Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales have garnered the greatest popular and scholarly attention despite the interdependence of works across the broad range of his artistic production. We read Andersen's fairy tales in concert with his travel writing to highlight the intertextual aspects that cross these seemingly distinct genres. We leverage recent advances in large language models (LLM) and network theory to generate representations that facilitate user exploration of these intertextual interdependencies across genres and across time. In the first part of our study, we use BERTopic and an LLM model fine‐tuned for nineteenth‐century Danish literary language to present independent and combined topic models of the two corpuses. This approach supports multi‐scalar analysis of intertextual elements within and across these corpuses, thereby implementing a method for macroscopic reading. In the second part of the study, we develop a series of networked representations of the dependencies between fairy tales, where these dependencies are generated on the basis of the shared intertextual topic space of the fairy tales and the travel writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue des Lettres Modernes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growth of technology and easy access to the internet have led to an unparalleled boom in online booking. The uncertainty surrounding online travel purchases, however, still makes traveller's decision-making process very stressful. Hence, this study aims to identify and classify different factors that drive travellers' decision-making and actual behaviour. This study seeks to fill the void by systematically reviewing and synthesizing the online travel literature. The study utilizes the fuzzy-DEMATEL approach to identify, classify and analyse various factors to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding sets of factors driving travellers' decisions and their actual behaviour. The findings reveal that travellers' online travel purchasing behaviour is influenced most by their attitude, while social influence also emerged as a significant factor. This study provides key insights for academics, researchers and practitioners by identifying major factors and sub-factors, along with their causal interactions. This study is novel in its approach as it significantly contributes to existing knowledge by synthesizing the literature and employing the fuzzy-DEMATEL technique in categorizing the key factors that influence travellers' decision-making and actual purchase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introductory article explores the rise of travel as an area of research within the field of biblical studies. It first discusses some major trends in the study of travel in the ancient Jewish tradition, including travel as a literary motif in biblical narrative and the evidence for travel in the context of early Judaism. While the significance of travel as a topic of research has been established in biblical studies, more work remains to be done regarding various aspects of the topic, including non-human travellers and the experience and effects of travel. Travel is not just about geographical relocations, as the selected focus on travel and transformation also seeks to emphasize. Drawing on related discussions in literary studies, the article then discusses travel as a practice that requires transitions which take people into liminal spaces and lead to potentially transformative outcomes. Finally, it explains how the articles included in the thematic issue add to this conversation from different yet complementary angles. They primarily focus on travel as a literary motif in various early Jewish corpora but also consider later and contemporary travel of ancient fragments, highlighting how travel may shape and change those on the move in different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines legends on the origins (aetiologies) of places and placenames in Benjamin of Tudela's travel account. Origin stories are prevalent in medieval travelogues, but Hebrew travel accounts employ a unique form that is embedded in placenames. Midrash Shem (מדרש שם), as this form is known in Jewish tradition, is the homiletical interpretation of names, typically characterized in some measure by wordplay. I suggest that these legends and placenames serve Hebrew travel literature both as an evidential tool and as an artistic means of expression, contributing to the construction of "known" and "foreign" lands and peoples, and consequently to the formulation of group identities. En route to the foreign and unknown, yet "own", holy Eretz Yisrael, Benjamin of Tudela encounters Jewish communities and records a variety of aetiologies throughout the Middle East. In retelling the origins of the travelled landscape, he transmits local mythical, theological and historical content as well as particular Jewish-diasporic socio-political realities. Diversely told origins of Roman architecture, scattered across most of Benjamin's account, show how these local traditions varied. Some aetiologies fuse traditional with foreign content to affirm a sense of belonging under foreign rule, while others actively undermine established non-Jewish narratives or even oppose competing Jewish narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travel literature not only provides relevant information about cultural heritage, such as authorship, chronology or location, but also reveals the impressions evoked by its reception. This article describes the methodology of the ongoing REWIND project, which explores European cultural heritage through the perspectives of Latin American women writers who travelled to Europe in the early twentieth century. The project seeks to amplify the voices of non-European women committed to feminism and sociocultural diversity to foster decolonial, inclusive and pluralistic historical narratives. On the one hand, we address the configuration of the project corpus, the semantic annotation process, and the design of the ontological modelling according to the deep data concept. On the other hand, we explain the analysis of the relationships between cultural heritage, time, space and emotion. The project uses travel literature in digital format to retrieve, study and interpret data on cultural heritage, creating a workflow that integrates information from various historical sources to raise further questions and provide new insights. The proposed methodology follows the FAIR principles and prioritizes using open-source software to ensure reproducibility and facilitate the use of deliverables in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the meaning of two acts of cultural production: the writing of novels and the acid house and dance music scenes as represented in Alan Warner’s 1995 novel Morvern Callar. Reading the novel against its 2002 adaptation by Lynne Ramsay, it historicizes the representation of working-class pleasure in relation to the developing discourses of the creative industries propounded by Tony Blair’s New Labour. Drawing a link between the concept of the creative industries and the well-established conversation linking “cultural independence” and devolution in Scotland, it argues that Warner’s novel represents acid house as a moment in which working-class pleasure and cultural production was a significant threat to establishment cultural values. By contrast, Ramsay’s film presents Morvern’s desire to party as indicative of a traumatized subjectivity which can be healed by the rejection of her working-class background and the embracing of a middle-class lifestyle informed by literature and travel. In this respect, Ramsay’s film is unable to metabolize the transcendent potential of partying and pleasure, instead mobilizing well-worn tropes of acid house’s meaningless hedonism to represent Morvern as an exceptional individual whose inborn distinction allows her to escape her background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beatrice Lanza Branciforti was a sicilian countess who lived throughout the 19th century. She traveled extensively, managed her patrimonial and personal interests and, together with Lucio Mastrogiovanni Tasca, established the house of the Counts of Almerita. Her 13 diaries, along with the other documents that constitute her travel archive, provide a window into 19th-century trends: destinations, itineraries, encounters, and leisure activities are central to this narrative through text and images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments are frequently used in the travel and hospitality literature to provide stronger evidence of causal relationships between various constructs. Recently, despite the use of online platforms for experimental studies, such studies have often failed to find significant results, as expected. To increase the probability of obtaining significant results for experiments using online panels, this paper suggests six practical recommendations across three categories: (i) handling less homogenous online participants; (ii) understanding and managing different motivations and abilities in online participants; and (iii) using effective and transparent experimental designs and procedures. This paper provides the results of three empirical investigations to support these recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Anees Jung's Night of the New Moon: Encounters with Muslim Women in India (1993) and Nighat Gandhi's Alternative Realities: Love in the Lives of Muslim Women (2013), two contemporary anglophone travel narratives documenting the lives of Muslim women, the article explores the cartography of feminine Islam in the Indian subcontinent and argues that both authors, in mapping the geography of Muslim women, take inspiration from Rihla narratives, the medieval Islamic genre of travel literature. It explores how the generic esthetics of Adab-al-Rihla (travel literature) resonate with the esthetics employed by the authors in their "eye-witness" accounts of Muslim societies: how journeys in search of Muslim women bring the traveler close to Talib-e-'ilm (knowledge-seeker) of Rihla, how, through their discoveries, the authors reclaim the domain of knowledge production, how the narratives, by incorporating everyday and commonplace, along with 'aa'jaib and nawadir (strange and rare), remediate sublimity of the genre, and how do the authors map secular and sacred in Muslim geographies raising questions about the spaces that women inhabit. Furthermore, it investigates how, by revealing the feminine, both texts contest the inherent masculinity of Rihla tradition and challenge the hegemonic narratives about women and lived Islam in the subcontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) investigated the influence of mobile application attributes on customer engagement with travel booking apps in China. Data were collected from 453 Chinese users of travel booking apps through an online questionnaire; descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that mobile app attributes such as perceived usefulness (ß = .193, p < .001), relative price advantage (ß = .253, p < .001) and interface design (ß = .225, p < .001) had a positive influence on consumer engagement with the travel app. Furthermore, app attributes including perceived usefulness (ß = .246, p < .001), perceived ease of use (ß = .245, p < .001), relative price advantage (ß = .281, p < .001) and interface design (ß = .209, p < .001) were positively and significantly associated with satisfaction. In addition, satisfaction (ß = .204, p < .001) was found to positively influence customer engagement with the travel booking app. Finally, satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationship between app attributes and customer engagement. This study contributes to the TAM and travel booking application literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of a pirate ship in Loch Craignish in 1720 was an episodic occurrence, which introduced a local community in Argyllshire to the process of globalisation, a process marked by the transoceanic movements of people, goods and ideas. For literate Scots, the wider horizons of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were opened up by novels, travel literature and newsprint. While reading material stimulated the mind and promoted discussion about matters of global interest, actual commodities from overseas variously engaged all the senses. Globalisation became an active rather than a passive experience. Sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste affected all, from the social, commercial and intellectual elites to the woman in the field and the man in the street in early modern Scotland. Nevertheless, public knowledge of where colonial commodities came from became distanced by time. A global awareness of place was retained in families and communities overtly engaged in mercantile and military adventuring, especially when accompanied by death whether through natural causes, misadventure or mortal combat. Illicit activities had a no less profound impact. Indeed, covert people trafficking, enslavement, smuggling, shipwrecking and piracy had a more local immediacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fall of 1965, Carmen Laforet made a three-month trip to the United States at the invitation of the U.S. government. Her impressions of the country were portrayed in Paralelo 35, which was intended to be an "objective account of adventures and encounters." Despite the claim of objectivity, these travel chronicles do not hide the writer's admiration for the freedoms and rights enjoyed by American society, thus contrasting with Spain under Franco, the frame of reference from and for which Laforet writes. This essay identifies several rhetorical tools that allow us to read in Paralelo 35 the author's emerging critical perspective through the tension between the portrait of the United States as an example of progress and democracy versus the lack of freedom in Spain. Connecting with scholars who recognize in Laforet's work elements of dissidence with Francoism, I propose that Paralelo 35 reflects the search for narrative formulas that would allow to convey a critical message while securing publication in an editorial world strictly controlled by censorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is conducted to provide a systematic review of the existing publications regarding the usage of user-generated video (UGV) for travel planning to present insights, highlight the state-of-art context and suggest potential future research trends in the field. A systematic review process is carried out, including synthesis, classification, and analysis to explore the development, characteristics, theoretical and conceptual models, as well as measurements associated with the use of UGV for travel planning. A total of 52 articles published between 2009 and 2022 are collected and categorised into five categories, including the role of platforms that contain user-generated content (UGC), the characteristic related to UGV/the source characteristic, the characteristic of users (travellers), users (travellers) response, research framework development. Thematic analysis of research categories/themes provides theoretical discourse and insights to address backlog research problems in this field. This study can be viewed as the first systematic review regarding the use of UGV for travel planning. In addition, the methods are used to describe how the research topic is formulated. Furthermore, the usefulness of the qualitative methodology allows the authors to thoroughly analyse the theoretical context of research using UGV for travel planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following article concerns Polish reportage of 20th and 21st century. The discussion focuses on the elements of fiction genres transferred into a documentary form. One of such genres is what author calls a novel of the road. It comprises several kinds of old novel, like Greek and Roman adventure novels, Spanish, French and English rogue and picaresque novels, sentimental novels, some examples of chivalric romances with parody of Miguel de Cervantes. They can be divided into two variants: the one with the protagonist feeling strange in the space he travels through, and the other with the hero feeling a kinship with the surroundings (the latter is typical of the sentimental kind and some romantic poems based on the travel). A reportage usually consists of a mixture of both variants. It is discussed here by using examples taken from various periods in the history of Polish reportage: texts by Ksawery Pruszyński, Melchior Wańkowicz, Michał Choromański, Wanda Melcer, Ryszard Kapuściński, Krzysztof Kąkolewski, Jacek Hugo-Bader, Agnieszka Pajączkowska, and Michał Książek. The discussion concentrates on the fundamental features of those texts and contrasts them with the opposite model. What author particularly cares about are not only the formal differences, but also a specific worldview inscribed in reportage of the road, concerning subject, his or her knowledge, interrelations with the others, and setting in the world.

This article examines a highly-regarded but little-studied work of the major American novelist John Dos Passos, the travel memoir Orient Express (1927), the account of a 1922 journey from Constantinople, through the South Caucasus and through Iran and Iraq to the Levant. Situating Orient Express within the development of Dos Passos’s distinctive brand of experimental, modernist prose culminating in the U.S.A. trilogy (1930–1937), attention is drawn to the visual and auditory landscapes of the text. Dos Passos’s use of various modernist devices in his portrayal of Near Eastern cities — including the use of overlapping perspectives, interacting planes of light and color, the observer-in-motion, and the superimposition of real and imagined city landscapes — approach what has been termed the “proto-cubist” or “proto-expressionist” effect typical of his urban American novels. Orient Express is also characterized by its unique auditory landscape, a patchwork of overheard speech which prefigures Dos Passos’s mature conception of a fragmentary, “objective” art in which authorial agency consists primarily in ordering various strands of external discourse. These verbal and material planes, image and history, intersect in a crucial meditation on material artifacts abandoned by their owners in the wake of the Red Army’s invasion of Georgia, which reflects a conception of the “the writer’s vital role in opposing the dehumanizing impact of mechanization,” and provides important context for the much remarked-upon transition in Dos Passos’s political views toward the end of the 1930s.

Museum Africa has more than 300 sketches and paintings by William John Burchell (1781-1863), the famous naturalist and traveller. The National Library of South Africa has a small book of seventeen of his field sketches dating from 14 October 1814 to 5 April 1815. All but one of the sketches are views from between Mossel Bay and Stellenbosch drawn during Burchell’s return to Cape Town from the Kalahari. They fill a gap in the pictorial record of his return journey, the narrative of which was omitted from his Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Buryats are one of the three ethnic groups in Russia who profess Tibetan Buddhism. Tibet has been perceived as the center of Buddhism for the Buryats since the seventeenth century and consequently served as a place of intense pilgrimage. In this article, we characterize the modern Buryat pilgrimage to Tibet and outline its peculiarities. We show that the pilgrimage of the Buryats to the sacred places of Tibet is an interesting path that carries different contexts. The revived Buryat pilgrimage to Tibet in the post–Soviet era has qualitatively new characteristics. A complex fusion of ideas about Tibet based on its rich history, the cultural and religious environment, academic and religious literature, and Hollywood films impacts the travels of modern Buryat pilgrims. In general terms, it is possible to claim that the enthusiasm and goals with which the Buryat pilgrims come to Tibet are either partially or completely satisfied and, in some cases, exceed the initial expectations. At the same time, its location within the Chinese environment plays a special role in the perception of Tibet. Thus, the Buryat pilgrimage to Tibet goes beyond the personal spiritual path and is a journey that affects many contexts that are reflected, strengthened, or destroyed in the process of a journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augustine Fouillée's (alias G. Bruno's) Le tour de la France par deux enfants, a children's geography textbook initially published in 1877, has long been considered a nation-building tool in the Third Republic. This essay draws on critical approaches to cartography in order to show how the contradictory modes of mapping throughout the Tour can clarify its generic complexity. Such forms of spatial knowledge would take on new resonances through the book's travels, adaptations, and remediations in a colonial context, from Indochina to French West Africa. Tracing these migrations offers a dialectical, transnational approach to the spatial analysis of literary narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates two literary works from the premodern era: Mandeville's Travels (composed between 1357 and 1371) and Margaret Cavendish's The Blazing World (1666), both of which depict hybrid creatures as natural rather than monstrously unnatural. These two texts are compared as major examples of travel literature, a genre that explores concepts of the known and unknown, often investigating the possibility of hybrid creatures and their significance. Many literary critics describe hybridity as equating to unnaturalness, to the monstrous "other." Yet the fact that the hybrids featured in Mandeville's Travels and The Blazing World so readily blend with ordinary animals highlights that they are meant to be understood as natural, since animals are natural by default of creation. The depiction of hybrid creatures in these two texts effectively opens up a new dialogue about hybridity in the literature of this period, unveiling a way for a creature to be simultaneously hybrid and natural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A first-person account of a missionary's return transatlantic voyage linking the Scottish Highlands and Upper Canada in the 1850s offers a valuable insight into church operations and migrant networks as well as the realities of travel at a time of profound societal change. By considering the journal in its local contemporary situations, and by drawing on modern scholarship, this article considers the motivations for keeping the journal, push and pull factors related to religious and socioeconomic influences and observes that previous scholars have been correct in identifying an ongoing trend of episodic or temporary emigration for Highlanders and Scots in the mid-nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper illustrates the LIBMOVIT project – Libraries on the Move: Scholars, Books, Ideas Traveling in Italy in the 18th Century – whose main research focus is the European Eighteenth century socio-cultural framework in which the library as an institution acquired an historical, social, public and dynamic dimension. This context will be analysed through a study of the Eighteenth century sources connected to the learned journey experience of the Grand Tour, in particular those contained in the Angiolo Tursi collection – one of the largest travel literature collections in Italy – held at the Marciana national library in Venice. The paper presents the planned approach of the research: first, a classification and an organization of a corpus of relevant documents for the knowledge of travel literature in connection to the libraries world will be created; in particular, the sources will be identified, further bibliographical information will be added, and new sources will be integrated to the corpus and selected documents will be digitized. After that, the research will proceed through a double analysis – traditional and computational – of the texts collected in the corpus is to be developed. First, all the library and bibliographical aspects described by travellers will be studied according to the traditional approach in humanities research to collect important information about the history of libraries (location, decoration, catalogues, opening hours, access, collections, cited books and documents), the travellers and their companions (professions, nationality, reason to travel), the people met (scholars, librarians, superintendents) and the subjects and ideas discussed during the visits in the libraries. Second, the texts will be computationally analysed through several Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, starting from the automatic text recognition until arriving to more complex lexical and terminological analysis and Named Entity Recognition (NER). This work is meant to support the previously described qualitative study and will also allow to produce Linked open data about the domain entities (e.g. libraries, people, books) in view of their publication in the semantic web in order to ease and promote their exploration, visualisation and reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary consumer behavior is characterized by its multidimensionality and complexity, which, at the same time, pushes traditional segmentation approaches to their limits. In response, this methodological study proposes a multistage machine learning-based segmentation process using semiotic-semantic community detection. This innovative method was conducted exemplarily and evaluated on a representative sample of 1,101 German travelers. The main contribution of this study lies in the novel use of word vectors, which result from assigning a semiotic meaning to travel-type images. Thus, high-dimensional data could be used during the segmentation process, overcoming several classical segmentation problems. By using semantic similarities, tourists could be grouped and represented in their multidimensionality. From a theoretical perspective, this study was inspired by postmodern tourism practices in order to better understand the (oftentimes) hybrid and multilayered behaviors of tourists. To make this innovative approach reproducible, recommendations for implementation and all necessary data have been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although customer engagement's (CE) effects on marketing-related outcomes are well documented, its broader impacts on life domain constructs (e.g., subjective well-being [SWB]) have received less attention. We propose CE as a viable mechanism for prolonging travel's positive effects on SWB. Specifically, this study adopts a three-wave design to investigate the linkages between destination brand experience (DBE), CE, and SWB over time. Our results indicate that sensory destination experience (t1) and affective destination experience (t1) stimulated CE with a destination (t2), which contributed significantly to SWB (t3). Findings from this longitudinal study contribute to the literature by demonstrating that CE significantly mediates the effects of the sensory and affective dimensions of DBE on tourists' SWB over time. The study highlights the importance of CE beyond key marketing performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solo existential travel films of Hollywood enjoyed their heyday in the first two decades of the 21st century with most of them emerging as cult classics that have inspired millions to venture out on backpacking trips. The solo travel beyond the margins of a materialistic society that promises the traveller some existential clarity, in theory, is a truly existential endeavour that lets the individual exercise their Sartrean freedom and responsibility. But a quick survey of the films produced by Hollywood over the decades reveals a rather stealthy racism within. Solo existential travellers in Hollywood films of the 21st century have predominantly been white Americans. Despite being a powerful tool to create one's meaning and authentic identity in society, solo travel is still an instrument of self-redemption that is kept away from people of colour, especially the black American community. The paper will look into the significance, relevance and consequences of this seemingly invisible omission. From an embodiment perspective, the paper will attempt to analyze the absence of racial diversity in the genre to shed light on why the coloured body is to find its space in Hollywood's tapestry of solo existential travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of travel literature in the development of comparative literature, particularly in the context of Arabic literature. It discusses the significance of travel in exposing individuals to different cultures and experiences, and how travel books have shaped people's perceptions of cultural and social aspects of life. The article explores the characteristics of travel literature, the motivations for travel, and the origins of travel literature in Arabic literature. It also highlights the relationship between comparative literature and the study of images in travel literature, emphasizing the role of Arab travelers in shaping Arab culture's perception of the world. The text acknowledges the positive impact of travel literature in expanding the field of comparative research and studying the relationships between world literatures. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Media4u Magazine is the property of Ing. Jan Chromy, Ph.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Travelling and journeying are major themes in Tolkien's works. Whether going on an adventure or on a final trip to the Undying Lands, his characters travel frequently. In the Romantic era, travel was accorded a similar importance - the concept of the Grand Tour, the development of travel writing as a genre, and the interest in aesthetic landscapes all contributed to make travelling a major cultural event. This paper makes comparisons between Tolkien's idea of journeying in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings and the portrayal of travel in Romantic writing, exploring why and how people travel - and what they notice on the way. It analyses the many similarities between Tolkien's writing and Romantic travel writing, including a similar appreciation (and description) of landscapes, and the sense that travel is not only a physical but also a spiritual journey, in which the travellers learn something about themselves. In particular, the paper draws on women's travel writing, such as Mariana Starke's travel guidebooks and Mary Wollstonecraft's Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, arguing that useful comparisons can be made between Tolkien's male perspective and their female experiences. This analysis provides a perspective on travel as a continuing motif in literature, and shows which elements of Romantic travel writing Tolkien adopted, and which elements he changed, charting a journey from the eighteenth to the twentieth century which still influences our conceptions of travel today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter aims to offer a possible solution to the long-standing debate around the use of horses by the Rohirrim in J.R.R. Tolkien's work. By tracing the history of Anglo-Saxon studies during the long 19th century, the chapter intends to draw out the close relationship between Romantic views of Native Americans and ancient Britons. The chapter argues that Tolkien's incorporation of horses in his creation of the Rohirrim is consistent with the historical influence that images of Native Americans had on Romantic ideas of Northern European antiquity. The first part of the chapter briefly describes the origins of studies of Anglo-Saxon and Celtic literature, relating it to theories of stadial history. After this, the chapter traces the way in which travel narratives from North America, in conjunction with the theory of stadial history, were used to fill gaps in knowledge about ancient Britons. This created a particular imagery and rhetoric that was used to describe Anglo-Saxons and Native Americans as historically equivalent. The second part of this work analyses some of the elements of this rhetoric, such as stoicism, song-singing, and love of freedom, drawing comparisons between the Rohirrim and Romantic 'Indian' descriptions. Finally, the third section ties these elements together by offering an explanation for the origin of the horses of the Rohirrim through views of Native Americans popularised by works like The Last of the Mohicans and the reports on the Battle of the Little Big Horn. The chapter concludes that Tolkien's addition of horses for the Rohirrim is consistent with a discourse deeply intertwined with the origins of his profession, and which is rooted in Romantic travel narratives and historiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethos (0860-8024) is the property of John Paul II Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foreign Literature Studies is the property of Foreign Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article I introduce the alien view of the traveller, the view from outside, as presented in a number of travel narratives describing the type of the domestic enclosed garden in Nicosia. I focus on three books published between the fourteenth and twentieth century, and do a comparative analysis of the narratives based on the information they provide about Nicosian gardens. I investigate how this knowledge can be used to develop design strategies for gardens as a typology in architectural and urban design. As a demonstration, I discuss the project 'Nicosian Garden Network', which uses the historically iconic element of the garden and its narrated spatial qualities as an answer to the problem of urban fragmentation and the presence of a large number of unused plots in the city of Nicosia. The project incorporates unused sites of different sizes into a network of shared semi-public urban spaces that could reconnect the landscape, create conditions of sharing by the different communities on a daily basis, and regain its iconic presence in the contemporary city. The article aims to contribute to the discussion about ways in which travelogues, guides and other forms of travel literature can construct a field of knowledge about vernacular architecture and implement contemporary approaches to architectural design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beatrice Lanza Branciforti was a sicilian countess who lived throughout the 19th century. She traveled extensively, managed her patrimonial and personal interests and, together with Lucio Mastrogiovanni Tasca, established the house of the Counts of Almerita. Her 13 diaries, along with the other documents that constitute her travel archive, provide a window into 19th-century trends: destinations, itineraries, encounters, and leisure activities are central to this narrative through text and images.

The article shares author insights on homeless businessman's travel plans and literature. Topics include organ of self-confidence was well developed with improved mental state of republican citizens with travel companions; and how the social conditions and sources of help from the foreign country for the wellbeing or woe of the traveler.

Despite the historically documented regularity in human mobility patterns, the relaxation of spatial and temporal constraints, brought by the widespread adoption of telecommuting and e-commerce during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a growing desire for flexible work arrangements in a post-pandemic work, indicates a potential reshaping of these patterns. In this paper, we investigate the multifaceted impacts of relaxed spatio-temporal constraints on human mobility, using well-established metrics from the travel behavior literature. Further, we introduce a novel metric for schedule regularity, accounting for specific day-of-week characteristics that previous approaches overlooked. Building on the large body of literature on the impacts of COVID-19 on human mobility, we make use of passively tracked Point of Interest (POI) data for approximately 21,700 smartphone users in the US, and analyze data between January 2020 and September 2022 to answer two key questions: (1) has the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated relaxation of spatio-temporal activity patterns reshaped the different aspects of human mobility, and (2) have we achieved a state of stable post-pandemic "new normal"? We hypothesize that the relaxation of the spatiotemporal constraints around key activities will result in people exhibiting less regular schedules. Findings reveal a complex landscape: while some mobility indicators have reverted to pre-pandemic norms, such as trip frequency and travel distance, others, notably at-home dwell-time, persist at altered levels, suggesting a recalibration rather than a return to past behaviors. Most notably, our analysis reveals a paradox: despite the documented large-scale shift towards flexible work arrangements, schedule habits have strengthened rather than relaxed, defying our initial hypotheses and highlighting a desire for regularity. The study's results contribute to a deeper understanding of the post-pandemic "new normal", offering key insights on how multiple facets of travel behavior were reshaped, if at all, by the COVID-19 pandemic, and will help inform transportation planning in a post-pandemic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture is one of the most important factors in attracting tourists and influencing the tourist experience. In China, "theme park" is a new field of tourism research, an excellent theme park can not only drive the development of a city's tourism industry, but also help it better publicize its history and culture. The article takes Kaifeng, China as the background, and selects the Song Dynasty historical and cultural theme park, which was established based on the traditional ink painting Qingming Riverside Drawing, as an example, to study the factors affecting tourists' travel experience in historical and cultural theme parks, and based on which it explores the reasons for the formation of tourists' satisfaction and post-trip behavioral intentions, to provide references and suggestions for the development of cultural theme parks from the point of view of travel experience. Based on the expectation confirmation theory, this essay introduces five constructs, namely, expectation (tourism motivation), performance (service quality), confirmation (tourism experience), satisfaction, and post-trip behavior intention, to construct a model of the factors influencing tourists' satisfaction by tourism experience in historical theme parks and analyze the intrinsic correlation among the factors within the model. It is found that tourists' tourism experience is mainly affected by tourism motivation and service quality, satisfaction and posttrip behavior intention are jointly determined by the above three. According to the research results, this study believes that tourism motivation, service quality, and tourism experience should be the focus of attention of the current tourist destinations, therefore, focusing on tourists' motivation to optimize the quality of service, helping tourists to enhance the sense of tourism experience, and improving based on the above focuses is of great significance to promote the development of historical and cultural theme parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jack Kerouac’s On the Road is one of United States’s best known travel narratives, a novel that fictionalizes key moments and characters from the 1950s and wraps them in the typical bohemian aura of the Beat generation. However, besides discussing these historical elements and Kerouac’s way of reimagining them in his work, the aim of this paper is to take the analysis even further and to examine the text from an original point of view, namely through Corin Braga’s concept of the “anarchetype”. Meant to represent the opposite of the archetype understood as a cultural imagine or as a way of perceiving the world, the anarchetype will be transposed into the terms of travel literature in order to demonstrate that On the Road is an important example of an anarchetypal pattern that reflects, on a geographical map, the vision and thinking perspectives of the postmodern subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study spatially analyses aesthetic terms in historical travel accounts of the landscapes of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. We applied a hybrid approach, combining qualitative methods of textual analysis with quantitative techniques of a Geographical Information System (GIS), to a corpus of 38 digitised works featuring a range of historic guidebooks and travelogues. To identify relationships between place names, landscape features and the aesthetic terms beautiful, magnificent, picturesque, romantic and sublime, we first analysed how these terms occurred together in the text. We also used digital terrain model data in GIS to explore relationships between the aesthetic terms and the elevation of place names and landscape features. The results provide evidence that the aesthetic terms magnificent and sublime were applied to describe places and landforms at higher elevations, whilst beautiful, picturesque and romantic were applied to lower-lying regions of the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs landscapes. Our findings illustrate how the cartographic capabilities of GIS, combined with text analysis, can shed light on how landscapes were historically represented in travel literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By addressing the shared formal, aesthetic, affective, and political characteristics of the industrial travel account, this article examines how travel writers in the nineteenth century mediate the tensions within and between extractive labour, tourism, and ecological relations. Focusing on industrial travel accounts published in The Leisure Hour (1852–1905), Chambers's Edinburgh Journal (1832–1897) and All the Year Round (1859–1895), the article highlights the periodical press as a productive arena for the cultural and literary study of nineteenth-century energy regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Richard Hakluyt's Principall Nauigations (1589) was a landmark in the history of English travel literature which compiled and glorified the naval deeds and expeditions undertaken by the English throughout the world. This article focuses on the third volume of Hakluyt's compilation devoted to America which gathers first-hand accounts describing the way of life and the natural environment of the new territories conquered and populated by the Spaniards. The incorporation in these texts of almost 100 borrowings from Spanish to designate elements related to sea voyages and experiences in the Spanish colonies has raised the following research questions: What kind of terms were most likely to be introduced? And, given that these Spanish terms were unfamiliar to English readers, did the authors resort to any kind of strategy to explain the meaning of the new words? This article will address these questions by setting the following objectives. (i) to compile an inventory of the Spanish terms that have been incorporated into the English texts; (ii) to classify these terms according to the lexical fields they refer to; (iii) to analyse how the meaning of these new words is explained to English readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]