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Background: The travoprost intracameral implant and cataract surgery both lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Objectives: We evaluated the safety and IOP-lowering effect at 3 months following administration of travoprost intracameral implant in combination with cataract surgery. Design: Prospective, 12-month, open-label, single-arm trial. Methods: We enrolled patients with age-related cataracts and open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension in the same eye. At baseline, patients were required to have an unmedicated mean diurnal IOP (average of 8:00 am, 10:00 am, and 4:00 pm IOPs) of 24 mmHg or greater, and an IOP of 36 mmHg or less at each of these three timepoints. On the day of the combined procedure (day 1), patients who had uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery received a travoprost intracameral implant. Follow-up evaluations occurred on day 2–3, week 2, week 6, and month 3 visits. Results: Sixty patients had uncomplicated cataract surgery and received a travoprost intracameral implant. There were no serious adverse events. Study eye adverse events were reported in 8.3% of patients. The most frequently reported adverse event was dry eye (6.7%). At month 3, the mean diurnal IOP change from baseline was −10.6 mmHg (95% confidence interval: −11.2, −9.9; p < 0.0001) from an unmedicated baseline mean diurnal IOP of 25.2 mmHg. In addition, at month 3, 97% of eyes had a 20% or greater mean diurnal IOP reduction from baseline, and 91.0% of eyes had a mean diurnal IOP of 18 mmHg or less. Conclusion: Administration of a travoprost intracameral implant combined with routine cataract surgery was safe. The sizable −10.6 mmHg IOP change from baseline at month 3 was both statistically significant and clinically relevant. Trial registration: NCT06061718, Travoprost Intraocular Implant in Conjunction with Cataract Surgery, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06061718. Plain language summary: Study assessing the safety and the intraocular pressure lowering effect of administering a travoprost intracameral implant in combination with having cataract surgery in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension Why was the study done? The travoprost intracameral implant is a drug delivery system that is placed directly in the eye to continuously release travoprost to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Cataract surgery also is known to lower intraocular pressure in normal eyes and to a greater extent in eyes with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Placement of the implant in the anterior chamber angle of the eye and cataract surgery are both done through a small corneal incision. What did the researchers do? The researchers studied the safety and the reduction in intraocular pressure after administering a travoprost intracameral implant during the same procedure as removal of the cataractous lens and administration of an intraocular lens. Sixty patients with open-angle glaucoma had the combined procedure and were followed over a 3-month period to check their intraocular pressure and health of their eye. What did the researchers find? There were no serious safety findings after the combined procedure, with less than 10% of patients having any ocular side effect. The most common side effect was dry eye. At month 3, mean intraocular pressure was reduced significantly from the untreated baseline pressure measured before the combined procedure. What do the findings mean? The study showed that it is safe to combine the placement of the travoprost intracameral implant in the eye during the same procedure as routine cataract surgery. The study also showed that there was a substantial lowering of intraocular pressure at 3 months in patients with open-angle glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prostaglandin analogs are first-line treatments for open-angle glaucoma due to their proven efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure. Despite their topical administration, systemic adverse drug Events (ADEs) have been reported. This study investigates the systemic ADEs associated with topical prostaglandin analogs using the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) Adverse Drug Event Reporting System (AERS) database. Methods: The USFDA AERS database was queried for reports on prostaglandin analogs from March 2004 to March 2024 in this retrospective pharmacovigilance study. Data were deduplicated and analyzed using disproportionality analysis with both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Reports on systemic ADEs where topical prostaglandin analogs were the primary suspect were included. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: A total of 30,853 reports were analyzed, predominantly involving latanoprost and bimatoprost, with most patients being elderly and female. In general, hypersensitivity reactions were the most common systemic adverse events reported with prostaglandin analogs. Varied systemic adverse events were observed within the class as latanoprost was linked to conditions like angina pectoris, atrial tachycardia and Meniere's disease, bimatoprost to lentigo maligna melanoma, and tafluprost to labyrinthitis and skin discoloration. Notably, tafluprost had a significantly higher occurrence of death compared to other prostaglandin analogs, yet the causal relationship has not been established for this association due to unavailability of critical data on temporality and potential confounders including concomitant diseases/drugs and severity of the disease. Conclusion: Prostaglandin analogs are associated with systemic ADEs, particularly in elderly and female patients. The most reported systemic adverse event was hypersensitivity reactions for the class and cardiac events for latanoprost. Tafluprost was observed with higher mortality statistically, yet causal relationship could not be established in the absence of details on the potential confounders. The findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of adverse reactions, and consideration of patient-specific factors when prescribing these medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Prostaglandin analogs are first-line treatments for open-angle glaucoma due to their proven efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure. Despite their topical administration, systemic adverse drug Events (ADEs) have been reported. This study investigates the systemic ADEs associated with topical prostaglandin analogs using the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) Adverse Drug Event Reporting System (AERS) database. Methods The USFDA AERS database was queried for reports on prostaglandin analogs from March 2004 to March 2024 in this retrospective pharmacovigilance study. Data were deduplicated and analyzed using disproportionality analysis with both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Reports on systemic ADEs where topical prostaglandin analogs were the primary suspect were included. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Results A total of 30,853 reports were analyzed, predominantly involving latanoprost and bimatoprost, with most patients being elderly and female. In general, hypersensitivity reactions were the most common systemic adverse events reported with prostaglandin analogs. Varied systemic adverse events were observed within the class as latanoprost was linked to conditions like angina pectoris, atrial tachycardia and Meniere’s disease, bimatoprost to lentigo maligna melanoma, and tafluprost to labyrinthitis and skin discoloration. Notably, tafluprost had a significantly higher occurrence of death compared to other prostaglandin analogs, yet the causal relationship has not been established for this association due to unavailability of critical data on temporality and potential confounders including concomitant diseases/drugs and severity of the disease. Conclusion Prostaglandin analogs are associated with systemic ADEs, particularly in elderly and female patients. The most reported systemic adverse event was hypersensitivity reactions for the class and cardiac events for latanoprost. Tafluprost was observed with higher mortality statistically, yet causal relationship could not be established in the absence of details on the potential confounders. The findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of adverse reactions, and consideration of patient-specific factors when prescribing these medications.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to conduct and interpret a pooled 12-month analysis of two prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-masked, controlled trials designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the travoprost intracameral implant (slow-eluting [SE] implant in development as a new therapeutic and fast-eluting [FE] implant included for masking purposes) in subjects with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: Subjects with OAG or OHT, on 0–3 intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications, baseline unmedicated mean diurnal IOP of ≥ 21 mmHg, and IOP ≤ 36 mmHg at each baseline diurnal timepoint, received either a travoprost implant and twice-daily (BID) placebo eye drops or BID timolol 0.5% eye drops and a sham procedure. Subjects were followed through 12 months and assessed for IOP, reduction in topical IOP-lowering medications, and safety parameters including treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). IOP at 8AM was prospectively collected at all study visits through 12 months and diurnal IOP, measured at 8AM, 10AM, and 4PM, was prospectively collected at baseline, day 10, week 6, and months 3 and 12. Results: A total of 1150 subjects were randomized (385 FE implant, 380 SE implant, and 385 sham/timolol) across the two trials. Statistical non-inferiority to timolol and clinically relevant reductions in 8AM IOPs were demonstrated at month 12. In more detail, both implant groups demonstrated statistical non-inferiority to timolol and clinically relevant reductions from baseline in mean diurnal IOP at all visits over the 12-month evaluation period when diurnal IOP was collected. Additionally, both implant groups demonstrated robust treatment effect based on 8AM average IOP from day 10 through the specified visit which ranged from day 10 to month 12 from 6.9 to 8.5 mmHg in the FE implant group; 6.8 to 8.5 mmHg in the SE implant group; and 7.3 to 7.5 mmHg in the sham/timolol group. With regards to reduction in topical pharmacotherapy, at month 12, 77.6% of FE and 81.4% of SE implant eyes were completely free of all topical IOP-lowering medications and a significantly greater proportion of FE and SE implant eyes (89.9% and 93.0%) versus sham/timolol eyes (66.9%) were on the same or fewer topical IOP-lowering medications compared with pre-study (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, of subjects on topical IOP medications at screening, a significantly greater proportion of FE implant (80.2%) and SE implant (85.1%) eyes versus sham/timolol (22.8%) eyes were on fewer topical IOP-lowering medications at month 12 compared with pre-study (p < 0.0001). Lastly, of SE implant eyes on same or fewer topical IOP-lowering medications at month 12, the average through month 12 decreased by 0.9 medications, and of those SE implant eyes on fewer topical IOP-lowering medications compared with pre-study, the average through month 12 decreased by 1.4 medications. The most common TEAEs related to study treatment were hyperemia (conjunctival or ocular), iritis, and IOP increased. Conclusion: The travoprost intracameral implant demonstrated robust IOP-lowering efficacy that was sustained and statistically non-inferior to timolol over the entire 12 months, resulting in a significant reduction in topical IOP-lowering medication use, with the majority of SE implant eyes remaining completely free of all topical IOP-lowering medications. In addition, the implant demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile based on this pooled 12-month analysis of two pivotal trials. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT03519386 (registered May 09, 2018) and NCT03868124 (registered March 08, 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The travoprost intracameral implant was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for sustained release medical treatment of open-angle glaucoma in the USA. The approval represents a substantial and progressive step forward in the area of sustained-release glaucoma therapy. Topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications for the treatment of glaucoma are faced with a host of challenges for long-term and usually lifelong care. A changing paradigm in glaucoma management involves first-line interventions with laser modalities, micro-invasive surgeries, and sustained-release treatment platforms. Future needs in the area of sustained-release therapy include a non-prostaglandin drug delivery platform and longer-term treatments that do not require surgical reintervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A randomized, double-masked, multicenter, phase 2 trial to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of travoprost intraocular implant, an extended-release drug delivery system designed to provide uninterrupted sustained intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering therapy, thereby reducing patient treatment burden and improving adherence with IOP-lowering medication. Methods: Patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were administered a fast-eluting implant (FE implant, n = 51) and received twice-daily (BID) placebo eye drops, a slow-eluting (SE implant, n = 54) and received BID placebo eye drops, or underwent a sham surgical procedure and received BID timolol 0.5% (n = 49). IOP was measured at baseline, day 1–2, day 10, week 4, week 6, month 3, and every 3 months thereafter through 36 months. Efficacy was evaluated by mean change from 8:00 AM unmedicated baseline IOP through month 36, and the percentage of patients receiving the same or fewer topical IOP-lowering medications as at screening (pre-study). Safety was evaluated by adverse events and ophthalmic parameters. Results: Clinically and statistically relevant IOP-lowering treatment effects were observed through month 36 after a single administration of the travoprost implant compared with BID timolol with mean IOP reductions ranging from 7.6 to 8.8 mmHg for the FE implant group, from 7.3 to 8.0 mmHg for the SE implant group, and from 7.3 to 7.9 for the timolol group at the 8:00 AM timepoint (P < 0.0001 for all treatment groups at all visits). At months 12, 24, and 36, a greater percentage of FE and SE implant patients versus timolol patients were well controlled on the same or fewer topical IOP-lowering medications compared with screening with 63 and 69% for the FE and SE implants groups, respectively, versus 45% for the timolol group at month 36. The safety profile of the implant was favorable; there were no dislodgements, no explantations, no adverse events of conjunctival hyperemia or periorbital fat atrophy, no discontinuations due to study eye adverse events, nor any serious adverse events in the study eye. Comparable changes from baseline in corneal endothelial cell counts were observed in the three treatment groups over the 36 months. Conclusion: The travoprost intraocular implant demonstrated robust IOP-lowering and substantially reduced topical IOP-lowering medication burden for up to 36 months following a single administration, while maintaining a favorable safety profile. The travoprost intraocular implant promises to be a meaningful addition to the interventional glaucoma armamentarium by addressing the key shortcomings of topical IOP-lowering medications, including low adherence and topical side effects while controlling IOP for up to 36 months. Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02754596 registered 28 April 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only approach to prevent further optic nerve head damage. Pharmacotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for glaucoma patients. In recent years, a significant milestone in glaucoma treatment has been a transition to prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) as the first line of drugs. The rapid shift from traditional β-blockers to PGAs is primarily due to their excellent efficacy, convenient once-a-day usage, better diurnal control of IOP, and systemic safety profiles. This review article aims to provide information regarding the various PGAs in practice and also the newer promising drugs.

Objective: To determine the ability of the Internet-based Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) in assessing the change in contrast sensitivity (both central and peripheral) post-treatment with travoprost 0.004%. Design: This is a prospective observational study. Methods and participants.: Data of 62 eyes (33 patients) undergoing treatment for naïve POAG patients were analysed. Patients were followed up for a period of six months after starting topical travoprost (Travatan 0.004%, Alcon), and the change in central and peripheral CS was studied. Results: Mean total SPARCS score at baseline was 69 ± 10.99, improved to 74.62 ± 9.50 after 6 months of therapy (p: 0.001) in all the glaucoma severity groups. Mean SPARCS score at baseline in mild glaucoma group was 72.05 ± 9.87, in the moderate glaucoma group, it was 62.23 ± 9.2, and in the severe glaucoma group, it was 59.36 ± 11.65. After 6 months of treatment with travoprost, the CS improved to 76.05 ± 8.36 in mild group, 76.69 ± 8.82 in moderate group and 67.18 ± 11.15 in severe group (p value: 0.014). The percentage change in the CS from baseline showed significant improvement in the superotemporal quadrant at 1 month (p value: 0.032), superonasal quadrant (p value: 0.049), inferotemporal quadrant at 3 months (p value: 0.003) and 6 months (p value: 0.039). Inferonasal quadrant was affected most by glaucoma. A statistically significant correlation was seen between total SPARCS score with MD and PSD. Correlation was also seen between the percentage change in CS and average RNFL thickness at 3 and 6 months. Conclusion: Both central and peripheral CS improve following IOP reduction with travoprost. Change in the CS has a significant correlation with RNFL thickness and the perimetric indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, the ophthalmic application of liquid crystalline nanostructures (LCNs) has not been thoroughly reconnoitered, yet they have been extensively used. LCNs are primarily made up of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) or phytantriol as a lipid, a stabilizing agent, and a penetration enhancer (PE). For optimization, the D-optimal design was exploited. A characterization using TEM and XRPD was conducted. Optimized LCNs were loaded with the anti-glaucoma drug Travoprost (TRAVO). Ex vivo permeation across the cornea, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic studies were performed along with ocular tolerability examinations. Optimized LCNs are constituted of GMO, Tween® 80 as a stabilizer, and either oleic acid or Captex® 8000 as PE at 25 mg each. TRAVO-LNCs, F-1-L and F-3-L, showed particle sizes of 216.20 ± 6.12 and 129.40 ± 11.73 nm, with EE% of 85.30 ± 4.29 and 82.54 ± 7.65%, respectively, revealing the highest drug permeation parameters. The bioavailability of both attained 106.1% and 322.82%, respectively, relative to the market product TRAVATAN®. They exhibited respective intraocular pressure reductions lasting for 48 and 72 h, compared to 36 h for TRAVATAN®. All LCNs exhibited no evidence of ocular injury in comparison to the control eye. The findings revealed the competence of TRAVO-tailored LCNs in glaucoma treatment and suggested the potential application of a novel platform in ocular delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To systematically evaluate the changes of hemodynamics, astigmatism and cytokines between travoprost and timolol in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in Chinese adults.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and cohort studies comparing the related efficacy of travoprost and timolol for POAG were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM), VIP database and Wanfang database. The search time was from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. The literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After quality evaluation by Cochrane tools for RCTs and NOS scores for cohort studies, Review Manager 5.4 software was used for Meta-analyses to generate weighed-mean-difference(WMD)as effect size contrasting the efficacy of travoprost and timolol for the peak systolic velocity(PSV), the end diastolic velocity(EDV)and the resistance index(RI)of the central retinal artery(CRA)and the posterior ciliary artery(PCA), astigmatism, the plasma endothelin-1(ET-1), the serum matrix metalloproteinase(MMP), the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2)of the aqueous humor and the serum TIMP-2. RESULTS:Totally 8 RCTs and 4 retrospective cohort studies were included with 1 192 patients.Meta-analysis showed that:compared with timolol group, the travoprost group had greater effect on increasing the PSV(WMD=2.40, 95%CI: 2.12-2.68, P

To investigate whether prostaglandin analogue (PGA) eyedrops have a significant effect on central corneal thickness (CCT), we conducted a systematic search of literature published from 2000 to 2021. Among the studies conducted on topical PGA therapy in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension patients over 18 years old, prospective studies with CCT change as an outcome were included. A single-arm meta-analysis was conducted to assess the overall effect on CCT, and subgroup analysis according to exposure time of PGA eyedrops was also performed. We counted the number of articles that reported on severe events (CCT reduction of 25 μm or more) and obtained their proportion. The methodological quality was assessed by the McHarm tool. Twenty-two reports of prospective studies were selected. The results of the single-arm meta-analysis showed very high heterogeneity. Still, in subgroup analysis, when PGA was used for more than 6 months, heterogeneity was low, and a significant decrease in CCT was observed. Severe events were reported in two reports and occurred in 3.8% to 14.8% of participants. PGA eyedrop use may cause a clinically significant CCT decrease, requiring CCT follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several barriers to patient adherence in glaucoma treatment, such as complex dosing regimens, side effects and difficulties with eyedrop administration. This article discusses these challenges, and how they have led to the development of novel sustained-release platforms for glaucoma medications. These platforms include extraocular and intraocular options, such as wearable ocular surface devices, punctal plug systems, subconjunctival injections and intracameral implants. In particular, we focus on the iDose® TR (Glaukos, San Clemente, CA, USA) sustained-release travoprost titanium implant. It is a particularly promising option, which continuously elutes travoprost at therapeutic levels over an extended period. Phase III trial results have shown its efficacy in lowering intraocular pressure. Notably, the implant typically lasts for around 4-5 years and can be safely exchanged with a new one after it finishes its therapeutic effect. This advancement in glaucoma treatment offers a new alternative to traditional treatment modalities. Real-world trials are needed to shed more light on the efficacy and safety profile of iDose TR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, travoprost is a synthetic prostaglandin F2α analogue used in the treatment of glaucoma, it is delivered by eye drop solution. Due to its very low bioavailability and patient non-compliance, the objective of the current study was to enhance its bioavailability, and prolong its release Spanlastic nano-vesicles gels were designed and optimized using Box-Behnken design. The optimized spanlastic nano-vesicles gel exhibited the lowest particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI) and the highest zeta potential (ZP), encapsulation efficiency (EE) and mucoadhesive strength was fabricated into spanlastic nano-vesicles ocular insert by solvent casting. In vivo studies showed enhanced bioavailability of travoprost spanlastic nano-vesicles gel and ocular insert compared to the marketed eye drops (travoswix®), as proven by their higher Cmax and AUC0-∞, in addition to being nonirritant to ocular surfaces. However, spanlastic nano-vesicles ocular insert showed more prolonged effect than spanlastic nano-vesicles gel. According to our study, it can be suggested that travoprost spanlastic nano-vesicles ocular insert is a novel ocular delivery system for glaucoma treatment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article reviews the published data encompassing the development, pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of travoprost, intracameral implant, a treatment for reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension., Data Sources: A literature search was conducted from drug discovery until September 2024 through PubMed, MEDLINE, and National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry utilizing the following search terms: iDose, travoprost, intracameral implant, OTX-TIC, open-angle glaucoma, and ocular hypertension., Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant English-language studies, or studies that could be appropriately translated into English, containing the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of travoprost intracameral implant were selected for review., Data Synthesis: Travoprost implants showed significant reductions in IOP compared with other treatment options with fewer limitations often associated with topical medications resulting in travoprost implant patients favoring reduced concomitant use of topical IOP-lowering medications (with 81% of patients being medication free)., Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison With Existing Drugs: Due to limited compliance with topical treatment modalities, the travoprost implant presents a promising alternative pathway for drug delivery. With a duration of 3 years and removal of the need for patient dexterity and application compliance, the travoprost implant serves an unmet need for patients and prescribers., Conclusion: Travoprost intracameral implant is a safe and effective delivery system for intracameral travoprost administration for patients with OAG or ocular hypertension., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

ObjectiveTo determine bimatoprost， tafluprost ethyl amide， latanoprost， travoprost and tafluprost in eyelash enhancing cosmetics by establishing a LC-MS/MS method.MethodsThe samples were extracted with a 50% acetonitrile water solution. A salt mixture （4 g NaCl， 1 g MgSO4） was added to the solution to induce phase separation. After centrifugation and filtration， the analysis of five prostaglandin analogs was performed with an Agilent Poroshell 120 PFP-C18 （2.7 μm， 2.1 mm×100 mm） column， using 0.02% formic acid containing 5 mmol·L-1 Acetic acid amine and acetonitrile by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1. The analytes were detected with electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode （ESI+） and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM）， and quantified by external standard curve.ResultsThe results showed that it had a good linearity in the range of locatable ambit of concentration with correlation coefficients （r） larger than 0.999. The detection limit of five prostaglandin analogs （LOD） was 0.000 2‒1.5 μg·g-1. The spiked recoveries were 93.2% to 103.5% with a relative standard deviation （RSD） of 1.2% to 3.4%.ConclusionThe method is simple， rapid and highly sensitive. It is suitable for the determination of five prostaglandin analogs in eyelash enhancing cosmetics.

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Travapress Duo with respect to hypotensive results, changes in functional parameters, and adverse reactions. Material and methods. 30 patients aged 65–75 (averagely 71.3 ± 3.2 years) with a newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) received Travapress Duo in the evening, once a day. Goldman tonometry was performed during the screening, then 1 week, 1 month and 3 months from the treatment start. Static perimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before treatment and at the end of the 3rd month since the treatment start. Adverse events were recorded at each stage of the study.Results. As a result of a 3 month long therapy with Travapress Duo, a significant decrease in IOP was noted starting from the 1st week of instillations (by 34 %), after 1 month, by 35 % and after 3 months of observation by 36 %. By the end of the 3rd month of treatment, we noted an insignificant increase in visual acuity, a positive dynamic of the standard deviation and the standard deviation pattern, as well as OCT indicators, such as average thickness of the layer of retinal nerve fibers and the layer of retinal ganglion cells in the macula, stabilization of the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell complex layer and the size of the inner plexiform layer. One patient complained of discomfort and hyperemia by the end of the 1st week of drug instillation. No systemic side effects were noted during the follow-up, and in no case drug withdrawal was require. Conclusion. The preservative-free Travapress Duo drug displayed a high hypotensive efficacy, reducing the IOP to 36% of the initial value. The hypotensive effect was accompanied by indirect neuroprotection, which manifested itself in the positive changes observable in the results of functional studies with varying degrees of reliability. Travapress Duo is characterized by a low level of local side effects and can be recommended for both for the initial and long-term therapy of primary glaucoma of developed and advanced stages.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of polyquaternium‐1 (PQ)‐preserved and benzalkonium chloride (BAK)‐preserved travoprost eye drops on viability of primary human conjunctival goblet cell (GC) cultures and on secretion of mucin and cytokines. Furthermore, to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the branded travoprost eye drop Travatan® and available generics. Methods: The effect of travoprost eye drops was evaluated on GC cultures. Cell viability was assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assays. Mucin secretion was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Secretion of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 was measured using BD Cytometric Bead Arrays. pH, viscosity, droplet mass, osmolality and surface tension were measured for all included eye drops. Results: In the LDH assay, BAK travoprost caused significant GC loss after 2 hrs of incubation compared to the control. PQ travoprost caused no GC loss at any time point. Both PQ‐ and BAK travoprost caused secretion of mucin to the cytoplasma. No difference in IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion was identified compared to controls. The pH values for the generics were lower (pH 6.0) than the pH value for Travatan (pH 6.7; p < 0.0001). The viscosity was lowest for Travatan, while the mean droplet mass was higher for Travatan (35 mg) than the generics (28–30 mg; p ≤ 0.0318). The osmolality and surface tension did not differ between the eye drops investigated. Conclusion: BAK travoprost caused GC loss, indicating that PQ preservation may be preferable in treatment of glaucoma. Furthermore, physicochemical properties of branded and generic travoprost eye drops can not be assumed to be identical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]