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Anethum pusillum All. (Allioni 1773: 28). Type (lectotype, designated here - or perhaps holotype): [No locality] “ Anethum pusillum segetum L.” Allioni Collection (TO [without number]), Fig. 1. [= Anethum graveolens Linnaeus (1753: 263); Lectotype (Jansen 1981: 34): Herb. Linn. No. 371.1 (LINN)]. Note on the typification:— Dal Vesco (1986) reported A. pusillum among those species represented in Allioni collection by more than one sheet. Actually, we were able to find only one specimen with that name in the Allioni collection (TO), but we cannot conclude that other specimens do not exist and cannot be found in the future. That’s why we choose this specimen as the lectotype. Taxonomic note: The observation of the unripe fruits in the specimen, selected in this work as the lectotype, suggests it corresponds to A. graveolens, so that A. pusillum is not synonymous with “ Ridolfia segetum (Linnaeus 1771: 219) Moris (1841: 43) ” as proposed by Chiovenda (1912), dubitatively by Dandy (1970), and more recently by POWO (2022) and WCVP (2022). However, this latter name has to be cited more correctly as Ridolfia segetum (Gussone 1827: 346) Moris (1841: 43) (see below). Incidentally, also the other two specimens of A. segetum in the Allioni collection (TO) have to be referred to A. graveolens., Published as part of Santangelo, Annalisa, Guglielmone, Laura & Troia, Angelo, 2022, Typification of the names Anethum pusillum and Meum segetum (Apiaceae), pp. 206-210 in Phytotaxa 554 (2) on page 206, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/6820999, {"references":["Allioni, C. (1773) Auctarium ad Synopsim Methodicam Stirpium Horti Regii Taurinensis. Torino, 44 pp. [Pre-printed from: Melange de Philosophie et de Mathematique dela Societe Royale de Turin pour les annees 1770 - 1773, V: 53 - 96. 1774]","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. I. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp.","Jansen, P. C. M. (1981) Spices, condiments and medicinal plants of Ethiopia: Their taxonomy and agricultural significance. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, 327 pp.","Dal Vesco, G. (1986) Tipi nell'erbario Allioni. Allionia 27: 91 - 99.","Linnaeus, C. (1771) Mantissa Plantarum Altera. Generum editionis VI & specierum editionis II. Holmiae [Stockholm], 587 pp.","Moris, J. H. (1841) Enumeratio seminum regii horti botanici Taurinensis an. 1841. Typographia Regia, Torino, 44 pp.","Chiovenda, E. (1912) Della priorita di alcuni nomi specifici di piante contenuti nell' \" Auctarium ad Synopsim Methodicam Stirpium Horti Regi Taurinensis \" dell'Allioni pubblicato nel 1774. Annali di Botanica 10: 15 - 23.","Dandy, J. E. (1970) Annotated List of the New Names Published in Allioni's \" Auctarium ad Synopsim Stirpium Horti Reg. Taurinensis \". Taxon 19 (4): 617 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1218957","POWO (2022) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http: // www. plantsoftheworldonline. org / (Retrieved 5 March 2022).","WCVP (2022) World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 2. 0. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http: // wcvp. science. kew. org / (Retrieved 5 March 2022)","Gussone, G., (1827) Florae Siculae Prodromus sive Plantarum in Sicilia Ulteriori Nascentium Enumeratio Secundum Systema Linnaeanum Disposita, Vol. 1. Regia Typographia, Neapoli [Naples], 592 + 11 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6700"]}

Meum segetum Guss. (Gussone 1827: 346) ≡ Ridolfia segetum (Guss.) Moris (1841: 212). Type (lectotype, designated here):—[ITALY. Sicily] “ Ridolfia segetum Moris en. Sem. H. Taur. anno 1841. Guss. Syn. 1 p.312. Meum segetum Guss. Pr. 1 p.346. Anethum segetum Lin. Mant. 219? Aprili, Majo., Annual. Inter segetes ubique/ Palermo” Gussone Sicilia Collection (NAP [without number]). Fig. 2. [≡ Anethum ridolfia Spalik & Reduron in Frankiewicz et al. 2021: 19]. Note on the typification: In the herbarium BOLO there is a specimen [without number] collected by Gussone that was received by Bertoloni in 1822. It perfectly agrees with the description in Bertoloni (1838). This specimen is not suitable for typification because it indicates the distribution in South Italy (“nei campi coltivati di Sicilia, e di Calabria ” – whereas the protologue refers to Sicily only) and not a gathering locality. Specimens collected by Gussone are not present at FI and PAL. In Gussone Sicilia Collection at NAP, twelve specimens of Ridolfia segetum from several localities are preserved. As usual in Gussone Collection (see Pasquale 1871, La Valva, 1993), only the first sheet of the series has detailed label with all the nomenclatural, ecological, and distributional data. Separate labels with “field” data are put together in the first sheet or in the next ones. Duplicate specimens originally don’t bear label. In this case, only later Giuseppe Antonio Pasquale, student and disciple of Gussone, added the labels with indication of date, place of gathering, and collector in the duplicates of Gussone Collections (Pasquale 1871, La Valva, 1993, Santangelo et al. 2005). Moreover, Gussone began to add on the label the date of collection only after 1824. In this sense, almost all the specimens of R. segetum in Gussone Sicilia collection can be considered original material; in fact, only one specimen bears the label with the indication of the date of gathering (28 giugno 1841), all the other ones reporting only the gathering localities, showing that they have been collected by Gussone before 1824. We selected the first sheet of the series as lectotype. Note that we consider the second sheet (Fig. 3), with its label written by Pasquale (as above), as a duplicate of the first one, and so an isolectotype. Taxonomic note: It is definitely clear that Meum segetum is not synonym of Anethum segetum Linnaeus (1771: 219) (typified by Jarvis et al. 2006 and by the same authors considered synonym of Anethum graveolens L.), and that it is the basionym of the name Ridolfia segetum proposed by Moris (as correctly reported by Hand 2011). This also to complete the synonyms reported in Frankiewicz et al. (2021), where Ridolfia segetum is reported as the basionym (and the only synonym) of the new name Anethum ridolfia Spalik & Reduron. The main character differentiating Anethum ridolfia (≡ Meum segetum ≡ Ridolfia segetum) from Anethum graveolens (= Anethum segetum) is the fruit, smooth and without ribs in the former, with three ribs in the latter., Published as part of Santangelo, Annalisa, Guglielmone, Laura & Troia, Angelo, 2022, Typification of the names Anethum pusillum and Meum segetum (Apiaceae), pp. 206-210 in Phytotaxa 554 (2) on pages 206-208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/6820999, {"references":["Gussone, G., (1827) Florae Siculae Prodromus sive Plantarum in Sicilia Ulteriori Nascentium Enumeratio Secundum Systema Linnaeanum Disposita, Vol. 1. Regia Typographia, Neapoli [Naples], 592 + 11 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6700","Moris, J. H. (1841) Enumeratio seminum regii horti botanici Taurinensis an. 1841. Typographia Regia, Torino, 44 pp.","Frankiewicz, K. E., Banasiak, L., Oskolski, A., Reduron, J., Reyes-Betancort, J. A., Alsarraf, M., Trzeciak, P. & Spalik, K. (2021) Longdistance dispersal events rather than growth habit and life-history traits affect diversification rate in tribe Apieae (Apiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (1): 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / botlinnean / boab 032","Bertoloni, A. (1838) Anethum. In: Flora Italica: sistens plantas in Italia et in insulis circumstantibus sponte nascentes. Vol. 3 (3). Richardi Masii, Bononiae [Bologna], pp. 343 - 344.","Pasquale, G. A. (1871) Documenti biografici di Giovanni Gussone. Atti Accademia Pontaniana: I- 55.","La Valva, V. (1993) La Collezione Gussone Sicilia. Webbia 48: 515 - 537.","Santangelo, A., Idolo, M. & La Valva, V. (2005) La collezione Gussone Generale (NAP). Informatore Botanico Italiano 37 (1, parte a): 368 - 369.","Linnaeus, C. (1771) Mantissa Plantarum Altera. Generum editionis VI & specierum editionis II. Holmiae [Stockholm], 587 pp.","Jarvis, C. E., Reduron, J. P., Spencer, M. A. & Cafferty, S. (2006) Typification of Linnaean plant names in Apiaceae. Taxon 55: 207 - 216.","Hand, R. (2011) Apiaceae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet http: // ww 2. bgbm. org / EuroPlusMed / (accessed 5 March 2022)"]}

The European Red List is a review of the status of European species according to IUCN regional Red Listing guidelines. It identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at the regional level – in order that appropriate conservation action can be taken to improve their status. This publication summarises results for all Europe’s native species of tree (454 species), of which 265 species (over 58%) are endemic to continental Europe, with 56% (252 species) endemic to the 28 EU Member States. Of these, 168 (42%) of the species are threatened with extinction at the European level, however, for 57 species (nearly 13%) there was insufficient information to assign a conservation status, and are therefore classified as Data Deficient, and in need of further research. The main threat to tree species in Europe has been identified as invasive or problematic species, impacting 38% of tree species, followed by deforestation and wood harvesting, and urban development (both affecting 20% of tree species). For threatened species, livestock farming, land abandonment, changes in forest and woodland management, and other ecosystem modifications such as fire are the major threats, impacting the survival of trees.

Our understanding of the richness and uniqueness of the flora growing on gypsum substrates in Italy has grown significantly since the 19th century and, even today, new plant species are still being discovered. However, the plants and plant communities, growing on gypsum substrates in Italy, are still a relatively unknown subject. The main aim of this paper was to elaborate a checklist of the Italian gypsophilous flora, to increase knowledge about this peculiar flora and for which conservation efforts need to be addressed. Through a structured group communication process of experts (application of the Delphi technique), a remarkable number of experienced Italian botanists have joined together to select focal plant species linked to gypsum substrates. From the results obtained, 31 plant species behave as absolute or preferent taxa (gypsophytes and gypsoclines) and form the ‘core’ Italian gypsophilous flora. The most abundant life forms were chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes, belonging to Poaceae and Brassicaceae; as for chorotypes, the most represented are Mediterranean and narrow endemics. By improving on previously available information about the flora with a clear preference for gypsum in Italy, this undertaking represents an important contribution to the knowledge of a habitat which is today considered a priority for conservation.