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Objectives: This study aimed to explore depression, anxiety, sleep quality, biological rhythms, and risk factors related to taste and smell loss in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This case-control study was conducted as a single-center study between January 1 and May 15, 2021. The study included COVID-19 patients and healthy adults as the control group. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale Short form (DASS-21), Biological Rhythms Assessment Interview in Neuropsychiatry, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered to the patients and control group. Results: A total of 247 individuals (123 [49.7%] patients with COVID-19 and 124 [50.3%] control group) were included in the study. A total of patients with COVID-19 include 60 (48.7%) hospitalized-treated groups (HTG) and 63 (51.3%) home-treated groups (HOG). DASS-21 score, BRAIN score, and PSQI score in the patient group were higher than the control group (20.0±11.5 vs. 8.8±4.8, p<0.001 for DASS-21 score, 40.1±8.6 vs. 33.4±6.3, p<0.001 for BRAIN score, 5.2±3.0 vs. 2.9±1.5, p<0.001 for PSQI score). Anxiety score and PSQI score in the HTG were significantly higher than the HOG (7.4±3.7 vs. 5.1±4.2, p<0.001 for anxiety score, 5.8±2.9 vs. 4.6±3.0, p=0.013 for PSQI score). Age (Odds Radio [OR]=1.038, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.010-10.67, p=0.007) and gender (OR=6.012, 95% CI=2.533-14.271, p<0.001) were determined as risk factors for developing taste/smell loss in COVID-19. Conclusion: It can be stated that patients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of developing mood disorders, irregularity in biological rhythms, and sleep disorders compared to the control group. In addition, age and gender variables are directly related to taste and smell disorders in COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess whether adolescent athletes were affected or not in terms of mental health by the long duration at home linked to isolation enforced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The study included 940 team athletes, 274 individual athletes, and 131 nonathlete controls aged 12-17 years. Demographic data were obtained with a form including questions about age, sex, sports type, and physical activity status (type, duration, and frequency) during the isolation period. Participants completed the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Results: Among participants, 88% did not meet the physical activity recommendations for children and adolescents, while 42.8% felt depressed. Depressive symptoms were present in 38.1% of boys and 59.7% of girls, with girls (6.4%) having higher posttraumatic stress symptoms man boys (3.5%). Among athletes, depressive and anxiety symptoms were lower compared with nonathlete controls (P < .01). Posttraumatic stress symptoms were lower among athletes than nonathlete controls for girls (team vs control, P = .006; individual vs control, P = .002) but similar for boys (P > .05). The depression (P = .518), state (P = .866), and trait anxiety (P = .507) symptoms were similar between team athletes and individual athletes. Conclusion: Though adolescent athletes' depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly lower than nonathlete controls, athletes also had high depression levels. These findings show the need to take precautions to protect the psychological health of not only nonathletes, but also athletes in the pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is known as a chronic pain syndrome, which is often associated with decreased life quality, depressive, and anxiety disorders. Affective temperament characteristics are mental illness signs that may assist in anticipating and detecting a tendency to depression and anxiety in MPS. The properties and impacts of affective temperament on pain, disability, life quality, depressive, and anxiety disorders in MPS patients were intended to explore by this study. This case-control study was carried out in the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic of a university hospital, Turkey, from October 2018 to January 2019 with 51 MPS patients and 47 healthy controls (HC). Physical examination, clinical history, visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego- Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) scale were performed for all volunteers. TEMPS-A depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious scores were remarkably higher in MPS patients than in the HC group. In MPS patients, SF 36 physical and mental health summary scores were remarkably lower than the control group. Additionally, BDI and BAI scores were significantly higher in patients with MPS than in the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between depressive and anxious temperament scores and NDI. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between the SF36 physical health summary score and depressive and anxious temperament scores. Also, the mental health summary score was negatively correlated with depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious temperament scores. This research assesses for the first time of the affective temperament characteristics of MPS patients. Myofascial pain syndrome patients have distinct temperaments than the control group. Myofascial pain syndrome patients had remarkably higher TEMPS-A depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious scores than the healthy control group. Life quality, clinical severity, and courses can be affected by differences in temperament. Clinicians can readily apply the TEMPS-A temperament scale in patient application to demonstrate these differences. The anticipation of a psychiatric situation plays a more significant role in evaluating the higher mood symptom rates and their effect on life quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore whether the mental health status of professional athletes was affected by the isolation period in which organized sports were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 612 volunteers between the ages of 18–38 enrolled in the study, 418 of them were athletes engaged in team sports or individual sports and 194 of them were non-athletes. Participants completed the Depression – Anxiety – Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ). Non-parametric methods were used for comparisons between groups. The presence of a linear relationship was tested with the Spearman Correlation Test. A value of p < 0.05 was accepted statistically significant. A total of 571 participants, 372 males and 199 females, completed the study. Depression and anxiety symptoms were lower in athletes compared to non-athletes (p < 0.05). Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were similar in team athletes and individual athletes (p = 0.232, p = 0.444, p = 0.116; respectively). The post-traumatic stress symptoms were lower in male team athletes than female team athletes (p = 0.020) and non-athletes (p < 0.001). Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were found to be similar in men and women (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between physical activity level and mental health symptoms (p < 0.05). The mental health status of athletes was better than non-athletes, and the positive effect of sport, which was done until the break due to the isolation period, on mental health continued. These findings show that physical activity may help to protect mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cognitive development is susceptible to environmental distress, leading to cognitive distortions. Cognitive distortions may affect clinical course of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to assess whether childhood maltreatment and emotion dysregulation impair automatic thoughts (ATs) and meta-cognitions (MCs) in Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Major Depressive Disorder - Recurrent (MDB-RE) in this study. Method: 85 patients with BD, 81 MDD-RE in remission and 86 healthy participants were enrolled. Automatic Thoughts Scale (ATS), Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Strategies Scale (DERS) were the measures used. Results: ATs were determined by CTQ physical abuse (β=0.34, p<0.01), DERS goals (β=-0.37, p<0.01), impulse (β=0.53, p<0.01) and non-accept (β=0.23, p<0.05) subscales in BD (F=21.08, p<0.01) and CTQ emotional neglect (β=0.22, p<0.05), DERS strategies (β=0.39, p<0.05) in MDD-RE (F=9.97, p<0.05). MCs were predicted by sexual abuse (β=0.46, p<0.01) in BD (F=4.88, p<0.01), and emotional abuse (B=-0.30, p<0.05) in MDD-RE (F=7.02, p<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that emotion dysregulation and childhood adversities are associated with cognitive processes such as MCs and ATs in MDD-RE and BD. Cognitive processes can cause various clinical manifestations and emotion dysregulation and childhood traumas should be considered as psychopathological components that can affect the course of mood disorders via various components. Further follow-up studies and larger samples are needed to better understand the effects of these components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Activity of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme varies prominently according to the PON1 Q192R genotype. The arginine (R) genotype hydrolyzes peroxided lipids more quickly and efficiently than the glutamine (Q) genotype. The Q phenotype suggests greater liability to neurodegenerative processes, cardiovascular and malignancy risks than the R phenotype. Stimulated PON/ARES ratio is associated with the PON1 Q192R polymorphism. This study aims to assess the Q192R phenotype in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depressi

Alexithymia is defined as the impairment of emotional processing ability with a difficulty in identifying, describing and verbalization of the internal emotional state. The most prominent features are the significant dysfunction in emotional awareness, personal relationships, and social integration. The patients with Alexithymia also have a difficulty in recognizing and distinguishing the feelings of others which further induce a failure in constituting an emotional response and empathy. Alexithymia is seen approximately 10% of the general population and is considered to be highly comorbid with a number of psychiatric disorders. In this manuscript, a case with a heart surgery induced Alexithymia was reported. Alexithymia which occur as a postoperative psychiatric complication has never mentioned before in the available literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences / Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, Kafkas Tip Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hypochondriasis is described as the demonstration of excessive attention, care or fear against the physical or mental symptoms. A patient with a diagnosis of hypochondriasis is called as a hypochondriac. These patients often present with symptoms of a constant self-examination, self-diagnosis, and preoccupation with their body. Many patients with hypochondriasis reveal a disbelief and doubt in the doctors' diagnosis. They also declare that doctors' reassurance about the absence of a serious disease is unconvincing. Additionally, many hypochondriacs tend to visit numerous different physicians to get what they expect to hear. Although various previously reported hypochon-driasis cases exist in the everyday psychiatry practice, such extraordinary case with an extreme manifestation was never reported before. In this paper, a hypochondriasis patient who persistently admits the cardiovascular surgery department claiming to have an unnecessary heart operation is reported. Additionally, it is aimed to take this occa-sion to review the description of hypochondriasis in the light of current updates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Suicide attempt is quite frequently encountered in the course of bipolar disorder (BD). In recent years many studies were conducted for examining the relationship between temperamental characteristics and clinical characteristics of patients with BD. The aim of this study is to compare the specific temperament features and clinical features of BD patients with and without a history of suicide attempt (SA) to test the hypothesis that depressive, cyclothymic and irritable temperament scores are higher in bipolar patients with suicide history. Methods: We enrolled a total of 100 patients, 50 of them with a history of SA, 50 without at Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery. All patients were diagnosed according to DSMIV- TR criteria for 'bipolar disorder in remission' and signed a written informed consent before study entry. Sociodemographic data were collected and temperament was assessed by the means of TEMPS-A. Results: Depressive, cyclothymic and irritable temperament scores were significantly higher in BD patients with SA than in those without. Moreover cigarette and alcohol consumption, family history for psychiatric illness, presence of other psychiatric disorders, history of childhood trauma, episode duration, history of hypo/manic switch were also significantly higher in the group with than without SA. Discussion: Our study confirmed other findings reported in the literature on risk factors associated with suicide behavior. In addition, we also found that depressive, cyclothymic and irritable temperament scores are higher in patients with SA. The assessment of temperament could be added in the evaluation of patients in order to predict possible suicide behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: COVID-19; athlete; anxiety; depression; post-traumatic stress EN COVID-19 athlete anxiety depression post-traumatic stress 93 93 1 04/08/22 20220401 NES 220401 Dear Editor, We read the "Letter to the editor regarding the effect of isolation on athletes' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic." We also agree that having symptoms of COVID-19 or the possibility of having positive test results could increase the anxiety levels of participants. [Extracted from the article]

17-α-hydroxylase enzyme has a crucial role in the steroid biosynthesis and, deficiency of this enzyme is an autosomal recessive monogenic disorder which is one of the two hypertensive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It is characterized with the deficiency in glucocorticoid, adrenal androgen, and sex steroid synthesis with concomitant mineralocorticoid excess due to genetic defect in steroid biosynthesis. The relationship of hormone system physiology with psychiatric signs and syndromes are complex. Any problem in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis may cause psychiatric syndromes. On the other hand, many psychiatric disorders, such as mood-anxiety symptoms, depression, mania, psychosis, and delirium can be seen secondary to the treatment of hormone deficiency. We present the case of a male patient with pseudohermaphroditism who has been followed and treated in Raşit Tahsin Mood Clinic with the diagnosis of mood disorder not otherwise specified and was diagnosed with 46,XY karyotype and 17-???deficiency after referring to a hospital with delayed puberty. Considering the medical literature, 17-???deficiency has been evaluated from the aspects of gender-related behavioral disorders, psychological developmental and anxiety disorders. To the best of our knowledge, in the medical literature, this is the first case of 17-???deficiency associated with mood disorder. Here, the relationship between mood disorders and hypothalamo-pituitary axis is discussed in the light of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

17-α-hydroxylase enzyme has a crucial role in the steroid biosynthesis and, deficiency of this enzyme is an autosomal recessive monogenic disorder which is one of the two hypertensive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It is characterized with the deficiency in glucocorticoid, adrenal androgen, and sex steroid synthesis with concomitant mineralocorticoid excess due to genetic defect in steroid biosynthesis. The relationship of hormone system physiology with psychiatric signs and syndromes are complex. Any problem in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis may cause psychiatric syndromes. On the other hand, many psychiatric disorders, such as mood-anxiety symptoms, depression, mania, psychosis, and delirium can be seen secondary to the treatment of hormone deficiency. We present the case of a male patient with pseudohermaphroditism who has been followed and treated in Raşit Tahsin Mood Clinic with the diagnosis of mood disorder not otherwise specified and was diagnosed with 46,XY karyotype and 17-&#945-hydroxylase deficiency after referring to a hospital with delayed puberty. Considering the medical literature, 17-&#945-hydroxylase deficiency has been evaluated from the aspects of gender-related behavioral disorders, psychological developmental and anxiety disorders. To the best of our knowledge, in the medical literature, this is the first case of 17-&#945-hydroxylase deficiency associated with mood disorder. Here, the relationship between mood disorders and hypothalamo-pituitary axis is discussed in the light of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry / Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi is the property of Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)