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Objective: Due to widespread presence and exposure to environmental pollutants, structural and functional changes in membrane transporters could occur, leading to plasental transport of these compounds. In this study, the effects of PCBs on SLC abd ABCB1 membrane transport molecules were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Hemochorial structured human placenta and endotheliochorial structured dog placenta were analyzed for 28 pollutants (PCB, PBDE, PAH and Organochlorines) using GC-MS. The expression profile of the placental whole genome were investigated with RNAseq, and in silico (molecular chelation) and in vitro (SLC and ABCB1 mRNA expression in the placental cell line HTR8/SVneo treated with PCB 101, PCB118) were evaluated. Results: PCB101 826.4μg/kg in one sample out of 60 samples tested; In 23 samples, PCB118 was found to be between 0.14 and 41.9μg/kg. In the bioinformatics findings, there were differences in 742 genes between PCB positive and negative samples in 55 samples that were sequenced (p, Amaç: Çevresel kirletici maruziyetine bağlı olarak işlevselliği değişen ve bozulan membran transportları nedeniyle, bu maddeler plasental bariyeri geçerek plasental kan dolaşımına geçebilmektedir. Çalışmada, çevresel kirleticilerin bu transport proteinleriyle etkileşimlerinin moleküler boyutta incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma kapsamında hemokoryal yapıya sahip insan ve endotelyokoryal yapıya sahip köpek plasentasında; 28 kirleticinin analizi GC-MS ile yapılmış (PCB, PBDE, PAH ve Organik klorlu pestisitler); RNAseq ile plasental tüm genom ifade profili araştırılmış, in siliko (moleküler kenetleme) ve in vitro (PCB 101, PCB118 uygulanan plasental hücre hattı HTR8/SVneo’da SLC ve ABCB1 mRNA ifadesi) değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Test edilen 60 örnek içerisinde bir örnekte PCB101 826.4μg/kg; 23 örnekte ise PCB118 0.14 ile 41,9μg/kg arasında bulundu. Biyoinformatik bulgularda sekans analizi yapılan 55 numunede PCB pozitif ve negatif numuneler arasında 742 gende farklılık bulundu (p

Background: The mental foramen (MF) is an important anatomical landmark on the mandible. MFs may occur singly or with extra foramina (accessory mental foramen (AMF)). Objective: The aim of the present study was to discuss the importance of recognition and classification of AMFs. Methods: This study assessed CBCT images of 593 patients (208 male, 385 female) and proposed an AMF classification scheme based on three different characteristics: (1) location of the AMF with respect to the MF; (2) relationship of AMFs with tooth apices; and (3) origin of the AMF. The chi-squared test was used to compare the qualitative data as well as descriptive statistical methods when the study data were evaluated. Significance was assessed at the p Results: A total of 80 AMFs were found in 71 patients. Six cases involved bilateral AMFs, whereas three cases showed double AMFs. The most common AMF location was the region posterior of the MF. Notably, all the AMFs detected in line with the mesial half of the first molar were present in female patients. Based on AMF origins, 44.5%, 48.6%, and 6.7% of the AMFs were categorized as type I, type II, and a new category identified in this study, type III. Conclusion: This study revealed that some foramina locations were not considered in the previous classification. Recognition and identification of these foramina might be critical to prevent possible complications. The proposed classification scheme may facilitate this objective and can be a new focus for future studies.

Objective. To compare the efficacy of various techniques used for final irrigation on sealer penetration in the apical one-third of curved root canals. Material and Methods. Sixty-five freshly extracted maxillary first molar teeth with mesiobuccal roots having more than 20° of root curvature were used. The root canals were instrumented and randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group. In the 4 experimental groups, 3 ml of 17% EDTA followed by 3 ml of 5.25% NaOCl was delivered with the use of the following protocols: Group 1: manual dynamic activation (MDA), Group 2: sonic irrigation (SI), Group 3: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and Group 4: conventional needle irrigation (CI). All teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer labeled with fluorescent dye. Transverse sections at 2 mm and 4 mm distance from the root apex were examined with the aid of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Total percentage (%) and maximum depth (μm) of sealer penetration were measured. Results. All the experimental groups exhibited significantly higher penetration rates than the control group at both sections (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the penetration depth and percentage among the four experimental groups evaluated at both sections (p>0.05). Conclusion. PUI, SI, and MDA did not significantly improve sealer penetration in the apical portion of curved root canals when compared to conventional needle irrigation.

Vücuttaki endokrin reseptörlerine bağlanıp bunları aktive veya bloke ederek doğal hormonların sentez/parçalanmasını değiştiren endokrin bozucu kimyasallarla ilgili çalışmaların geçmişi 1950’li yıllara kadar gitmektedir. Günümüzde yasaklı olan ama bir dönem yoğun olarak kullanılan organik klorlu pestisitler (OCP), poliklorlu bifeniller (PCB) ve polibromlu difenileterler (PBDE) stabilitelerinin yüksek olması ve yağda birikme özellikleri nedeniyle doğada uzun süre kalmaktadırlar. Bu bileşiklerin biyoakümülasyon ve biyomagnifikasyon nedeniyle gıda zincirine girdikten sonra miktarları sürekli artmaktadır. İnsanların bu kimyasallara maruziyetinin %90’ı bulaşık gıdalarla olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 14 OCP (α, β, γ-hekzaklorosiklohekzan, hekzaklorobenzen, 4,4’-diklorodifenil dikloroetan, 4,4’-diklorodifenil dikloroetilen, 2,4’-diklorodifenil trikloroetan, 4,4’-diklorodifenil trikloroetan, heptaklor, aldrin, dieldrin, α-endosülfan, β-endosülfan, metoksiklor), 7 PCB (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) ve 6 PBDE (17, 47, 66, 100, 153, 183)’in kuzu eti ve yağındaki miktarları ve cinsiyetin buna olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Kullanılan yöntem SANCO 12571/2013 ve EUROCHEM 2014 Validasyon Kılavuzu’na göre valide edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde toplamda erkek hayvanlara ait örneklerin %75’inde, dişi hayvanlara ait örneklerin ise %33.3’ünde endokrin bozucu kimyasal kalıntısına rastlanmıştır. Analiz edilen örneklerin tamamında PCB tespit edilmiştir. Hekzaklorosiklohekzen ve 4,4’-diklorodifenil trikloroetan ile PCB52 kendi grupları içinde en sık rastlanılan kimyasallar olurken PBDE’lerden sadece PBDE17 tespit edilmiştir. Kalıntı görülme sıklığı erkeklerde daha fazla iken tespit edilen miktarların dişi hayvanlara ait örneklerde daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda bulunan tüm kalıntı seviyelerinin Türk Gıda Kodeksi ve Avrupa Birliği’nin ilgili yönetmeliklerinde belirtilen seviyelerin altında olduğu belirlendi. The history of endocrine disrupting chemicals that alter the synthesis/degradation of natural hormones by binding or activating endocrine receptors in the body goes back to the 1950s. Organochlorine pesticides (OCP), Polichlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are currently banned but are used extensively for a period, remain in nature for a long time due to their high stability and oil deposition properties. Due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification, the amounts are constantly increasing after entering the food chain. People’s exposure (90%) to these chemicals comes from foods. We investigated the contamination of 14 OCPs (α, β, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane,4,4’-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene, 2,4’-dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane, 4,4’-dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, methoxychlor), 7 PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) and 6 PBDEs (17, 47, 66, 100, 153, 183) in lamb meat and fat and the effect of sex on their levels. The method used was validated according to SANCO 12571/2013 and EUROCHEM 2014 Verification Manual. Endocrine disrupting chemicals residues were found in 75% of males and 33.3% of females samples. The residual contents of the PCBs detected in all of the samples. While hexachlorobenzene, 4,4’-dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane and PCB52 were the most common residues among the their groups, whereas only PBDE17 was detected in the PBDEs. Although the incidence of residues is higher in the male animals, the detected amount is higher in the female animals. All residues levels were below the level specified The Turkish Food Codex and The European Union Regulations.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the 100 top-cited articles in endodontics and analyse their bibliometric characteristics.Material and methods: The Web of Science database was r...

Clinically, extraoral sinus tracts of endodontic origin may be confused with a wide variety of diseases. Thus, the differential diagnosis of this clinical dilemma is of paramount importance in providing appropriate clinical care because misdiagnosis of this condition may result in healing failure or unnecessary treatments. For this reason, a dental cause must be considered for any cutaneous sinus tract involving the face or neck. Its diagnosis is not always easy unless the treating clinician considers the possibility of its dental origin. Once the correct diagnosis is made, definitive treatment, through either tooth extraction or root canal therapy to eliminate the source of infection, is simple and effective., Endodontik kaynaklı, ağız dışı fistül olguları, klinik yönden farklı birçok hastalıkla karıştırılabilir. Bu karmaşanın çözümü, doğru bir tedavi sunabilmenin tek şartı olan ayırıcı tanı ile çok yakından ilişkilidir; tanı basamağındaki hatalar, gereksiz birçok girişimin yapılmasına ya da lezyonun iyileştirilememesine neden olurlar. Dolayısıyla, boyun veya yüzde herhangi bir deri fistülü görüldüğünde, odontojenik kaynağın araştırılması çok önemli bir gerekliliktir. Bu kaynağın, sorgulanmaması ya da araştırılmaması, bu tip olguların tanısını daima zorlaştıracaktır. Doğru tanı konulduğunda ise, enfeksiyon kaynağının kolaylıkla ve başarılı bir şekilde yok edilmesi, kök kanalı tedavisi ya da ilgili dişin çekimiyle mümkündür.