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Purpose: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, characterized by its slow progression and favorable prognosis. This study re-evaluates the efficacy of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy versus no RAI in low-risk PTC patients following total thyroidectomy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 588 patients treated between 2010 and 2016 at a major tertiary center in Turkey. Patients were divided into two cohorts: those receiving total thyroidectomy (TT) with high-dose RAI (100 mCi) and those receiving TT alone. A matched cohort of 138 patients per group was analyzed to minimize bias. Results: Follow-up data indicated that at 24 months, the RAI group demonstrated a higher percentage of excellent treatment responses (86%) compared to the non-RAI group (74%). Long-term follow-up showed that 99.3% of the RAI group achieved no evidence of disease (NED), versus 90.6% in the non-RAI group. Recurrence rates were significantly lower in the RAI group (1%) compared to the non-RAI group (5.8% with a > 2.0 ng/ml cut-off for biological events). Conclusion: In summary, the findings from this study underscore the efficacy of RAI therapy in reducing recurrence rates and enhancing long-term disease control in low-risk papillary thyroid cancer patients. While total thyroidectomy alone is effective, the addition of RAI therapy provides a marked improvement in treatment responses and reduces the risk of disease recurrence. This indicates that personalized treatment plans incorporating RAI may offer significant advantages in managing low-risk PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSocial belonging is of vital importance for adolescents. However, ostracism in the digital age may negatively affect adolescents’ sense of coherence through social media addiction. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the associations between ostracism and sense of coherence and to conduct mediation analysis including social media addiction. The sample consisted of 425 Turkish adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years (Mage= 15.53, SD = 1.26). Data were collected through the Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and the Sense of Coherence Scale-Revised. The results showed that ostracism increased social media addiction, which in turn negatively affected adolescent’s sense of coherence. Besides, an indirect role of social media addiction was found between ostracism and sense of coherence. Overall, these results suggest that ostracism is a risk factor for sense of coherence and that social media addiction increases this risk. Elucidating the indirect role of social media addiction between ostracism and sense of coherence is believed to shed light on the requirement for policies and intervention programmes to address ostracism and social media addiction to maintain adolescents’mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediating effect of resilience and academic self-efficacy (psychological resources) in the relationship between social support and uncertainty of COVID-19. We recruited 607 Turkish undergraduate students (68% females) with a mean age of 21.71 years (SD = 3.18). Results showed that perceived social support positively predicted resilience and academic self-efficacy, while social support, resilience, and academic self- efficacy negatively predicted uncertainty of COVID-19. Findings highlight the significance of investing in social support resources for orchestrating gains in psychological resources, which may then support one another to act collectively to assuage the uncertainty of COVID-19. Theoretical contribution and practical implications of the results as well as study limitations and future research are discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We developed the 26-item Ethnic–Racial Discrimination Stress Inventory (ERDSI) to assess ethnic–racial discrimination stress in Mexican-origin adults in the United States and Turkish-origin adults in Germany, two groups with similar sociocultural characteristics and immigration experiences. Method: We developed 73 items measuring firsthand, intragroup, and vicarious discrimination, and internalization and expectations of discrimination experiences. If participants reported experiencing a given situation, they were asked to rate its stressfulness. U.S.-based Mexican-origin adults (N = 222) and German-based Turkish-origin adults (N = 105) completed an online survey of these items, measures of related constructs, and sociodemographic measures. Results: Study 1: We eliminated items based on interitem correlations and exploratory factor analyses in the U.S.-based Mexican sample. The exploratory factor analyses yielded four reliable and valid factors (F1: Vicarious Discrimination Stress, seven items; F2: Internalization of Discrimination Stress, seven items; F3: Intragroup Discrimination Stress, seven items; and F4: Firsthand Discrimination Stress, five items). The ERDSI factors predicted well-being measures, even after adjusting for control variables. Study 2: The three ERDSI factors (F1, F2, F4, not F3) that applied to the German-based Turkish sample demonstrated reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated metric invariance for F2 and partial scalar invariance for F1, F3, and F4. Conclusions: The ERDSI can be used to assess ethnic–racial discrimination stress in future studies with U.S.-based Mexican-origin adults and German-based Turkish-origin adults. Public Significance Statement: People of Mexican origin in the United States and people of Turkish origin in Germany often report that they experience ethnic–racial discrimination and that this causes stress (i.e., "ethnic–racial discrimination stress"). We developed the Ethnic–Racial Discrimination Stress Inventory to assess discrimination stresses associated with firsthand experiences (i.e., carried out by someone from another ethnic–racial group), intragroup experiences (i.e., carried out by someone of one's own ethnic–racial group), vicarious experiences (i.e., someone from one's own ethnic–racial group experiencing discrimination), and internalization of these experiences (i.e., self-stereotyping) in the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity in the symptoms of pathological Internet use. The predictive role of online cognitions and online dissociative experiences on pathological Internet use were investigated. Three hundred and ninety Turkish undergraduate students (261 females) participated in the study. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed. Items responses on the 26-item Chen Internet Addiction Scale were subjected to LCA. The LCA identified three latent classes: (1) Normal Internet Users (n = 141, 36.15%), (2) Problematic Internet Users (n = 148, 37.95%), and (3) Pathological Internet Users (n = 101, 25.90%). The multinomial regression analysis showed that online cognitions, anxious arousal, and online dissociation were significantly associated with pathological Internet use. Our findings showed that the online dissociation as measured by the Van Online Dissociative Experiences Schedule and mental dissociation as indexed by the Dissociative Experiences Scale are qualitatively different constructs in relation to addictive behaviors on the net. Online dissociation and online cognitions seem to be crucial vulnerability factors for pathological Internet use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I examine the Turkish bourgeoisie of the 1920s, focusing on the ship-owning families as a part of the Turkish bourgeoisie that clearly benefited from the formation of the nation-state and the "national economy" policies of the Ankara government. Focusing on the relationship between the economic development of this class and the formation of a Turkish nation-state, I try to show how this class, which has its roots in the nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire, enriched and empowered itself by taking advantage of this nation-state formation process and the prevailing ideology of Turkish nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide reference data regarding the morphology of vascular foramina (VF) of calcaneus among the Turkish population. Methods: This study was performed using 49 dry calcanei (26 right, 23 left). The number as well as the location of VF in relation of each surface of calcaneus were evaluated. The total length (TL), the distance between the most posterior point of calcaneus and the largest foramina on the medial (LMS), lateral (LLS), superior (LSS) and inferior (LIS) surfaces were measured and foraminal indexes of the largest foramina on the medial (FI1), lateral (FI2), superior (FI3) and inferior (FI4) surfaces were calculated. Results: The mean values of the TL, LMS, LLS, LSS, LIS were measured to be 74.83 ± 6.00 mm, 41.34 ± 4.78 mm, 31.18 ± 7.63 mm, 49.61 ± 13.40 mm, 39.25 ± 13.56 mm, respectively. The mean values of the FI1, FI2, FI3 and FI4 were calculated to be 55.40 ± 6.21%, 41.73 ± 10.06%, 66.01 ± 16.82%, 52.16 ± 16.80%, respectively. The maximum numbers of VF were detected most commonly on the lateral (28.29%) and medial (26.45%) surfaces, and least commonly on the anterior (0.98%) and posterior (8.29%) surfaces. Conclusions: VF were observed to be most commonly located on the lateral and medial surfaces, and least commonly on the anterior and posterior surfaces. Having adequate knowledge of the morphologic and morphometric properties of the VF is important in regarding the surgical approaches to the calcaneus towards the aim of reducing the vascular damage, especially in lateral approaches for orthopedists and of using differential sign from cystic lesions for radiologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on research highlighting the disruptive potential of migratory (e.g. Ahmed, S., 2000. Strange Encounters. Embodied Others in Post-Coloniality. London: Routledge, Heimböckel, D., and Weinberg, M., 2014. Interkulturalität als Projekt. Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Germanistik, 5 (2), 119–144) and urban encounters (e.g. Closs Stephens, A., 2013. The Persistence of Nationalism. From Imagined Communities to Urban Encounters. London: Taylor & Francis), this paper examines the everyday encounters in Ozan Zakariya Keskinkılıç's debut poetry collection Prinzenbad (2022). More specifically, the analysis focuses on the question of how the depicted encounters unsettle a nationalist imaginary characterised by homogeneity, linearity and unity. The speaker of Keskinkılıç's largely autobiographical poems navigates a distinctly transnational, intersectional identity – he is gay, Muslim, a third-generation immigrant from an Arab Turkish family and a German national. The poems detail casual discriminations at airport security checks and intimate encounters with men in urban cruising spots, like Berlin's outdoor pool Prinzenbad. While the poems highlight the ubiquity of the nationalist imaginary, e.g. in personal relationships and language, they ultimately disrupt it by exploring alternative models of community and belonging in the speaker's queer encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept defined as being away from social resources and opportunities, being unable to participate in society, and being socially disadvantaged in society. In Türkiye, problems, such as economic disadvantages, inequalities in access to public services, migration and displacement, and lack of infrastructure make social exclusion an important risk factor for children. Therefore, adapting the Social Exclusion Scale for Children to Turkish culture and language can help identify children exposed to social exclusion, better understand the problem, develop effective interventions, and build a more inclusive society. The aim of this study was to adapt the Social Exclusion Scale for Children (SESC) to Turkish society. The data of this methodological study were collected from 380 children aged 12–17. The content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency of SESC were analyzed. The results of this study showed the validity and reliability of SESC as a measurement instrument to assess social exclusion in Turkish children aged 12–17 in the school environment. The Turkish version of SESC was found brief, practical, age-appropriate, self-reported, easily applicable, valid, and reliable measurement instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of α-synuclein. Elevated cholesterol levels may exacerbate α-synuclein aggregation, potentially contributing to PD. This study investigates the link between lipid profiles and PD severity, as well as cognitive functions in patients, aiming to inform pathogenesis and management strategies. Methods: Data from 250 PD patients and 100 healthy controls were analyzed. Serum cholesterol levels were compared with disease severity using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and modified Hoehn & Yahr Rating Scale (mH&Y). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assessed cognitive functions. Results: Of the participants, 45.4% were female, 54.6% male, with a mean age of 69.09 ± 11.13 years. Mean UPDRS score was 52.34 ± 26.32, mH&Y was 2.28 ± 0.91. Patients had significantly higher HDL levels (47.92 ± 11.63) than controls (45.40 ± 13.89) (p = 0.024). HDL levels were significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairment than in patients with cognitive normal (p = 0.004). On the contrary, triglyceride levels were significantly lower in those with cognitive impairment compared to those with cognitively normal (p = 0.005). Multivariate logistic regression showed being male associated with 3.796 times higher risk of illness, and HDL is associated with 1.030 times increased illness risk. Conclusion: High HDL levels and male gender particularly increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. Additionally, HDL and triglyceride levels affect the cognition of PD patients. Further studies on the impact of cholesterol metabolism on the pathogenesis of PD could contribute to identifying effective treatment targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high intake of polyphenols has been shown to benefit health, protect against the risk of mental disorders, and improve sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the relationship between polyphenol intake, sleep quality, depression, stress, and anxiety in Turkish adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted with adults aged 18-64 between December 5, 2023, and May 12, 2024, in Istanbul, Türkiye. Participants completed a questionnaire with demographic characteristics, the Mediterranean Dietary Adherence Screener (MEDAS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a 7-day food consumption record. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. One hundred nineteen adults (73.1% female, mean age 23.69 ± 3.76 years) participated. There was a statistically significant difference in MEDAS classification across tertiles of polyphenol intake (p: 0.015). After controlling for confounders, the depression score significantly decreased across tertiles of polyphenol intake (OR: 0.990, p: 0.001). Similar results were observed for the anxiety score (OR: 1.006, p< 0.001). MEDAS scores showed a statistically significant difference across tertiles in unadjusted and all adjusted models (p: 0.049, p: 0.030, p: 0.020, and p: 0.015, respectively). Our findings revealed that dietary polyphenols may have a beneficial effect on depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the hemodialysis resilience scale (PHRS) in the Turkish population. Methods: A cross‐sectional methodologic study involved 136 hemodialysis patients at two dialysis centers affiliated with a foundation university in Turkey. The updated guidelines for the Intercultural Scale Adaptation Stages, Language, and Culture Adaptation were followed. Results: Cronbach's α of the PHRS‐Tr was 0.94. A three‐factor structure was extracted, namely "the pursuit of positive meaning in the present," "building the will to live through close human relationships," and "acceptance of hemodialysis as a part of daily life" explaining 66.82% of the total variance. Test–retest reliability was conducted with 50 patients within the sample 2 weeks after the first application. The correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was r = 0.680. Conclusion: The study results indicate that the PHRS‐Tr is a valid and reliable tool for assessing resilience status in Turkish hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Methods Results Conclusions This study aimed to explore the metaphorical perceptions and cognitive structures of Turkish nursing students related to the impact of the global climate crisis on their profession.Researchers adopted a qualitative approach centered on metaphor analysis and involved 40 Turkish nursing students enrolled in programs in Türkiye during October 2023. Using metaphor analysis and techniques involving writing and drawing, the study uncovered how these students perceive and cognitively structure the influence of the global climate crisis on their nursing careers. The interview form featured the metaphor expression “The reflection of the global climate crisis on nursing is like … because …,” while the drawing component prompted students to determine their perspectives on the climate crisis's impact on nursing through concept drawings. The research adhered to the COREQ checklist.The study revealed that nursing students generated 22 metaphors each through written and drawing techniques. Written metaphors were grouped into five categories: psychosocial challenges faced by nurses, patient populations, diseases and coping, burdens on the health system, and the growing importance of various fields within nursing. Drawing technique metaphors were grouped into four categories: nurses and the difficulties they face, the impact of the global climate crisis on the world, the impact of the global climate crisis on the healthcare sector, and the roles and responsibilities of nurses.While nursing students expressed diverse opinions, their concerns about the reflection of the global climate crisis on nursing yielded similar emotional responses. Metaphors are mostly focused on psychosocial challenges faced by nurses, the patient population, diseases, and coping mechanisms. The findings underscored nursing students’ concerns about the global climate crisis's impact on both their profession and the broader community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Test anxiety negatively affects the academic development and psychological health of adolescents. High test anxiety may cause a decrease in the academic performance of adolescents. In this study, the role of psychological resilience in the relationship between test anxiety and academic resilience was examined. This study was conducted with a total of 565 adolescents (65.5% female and 34.5% male) aged between 12 and 19 in Turkiye (with a mean age of 14.04 and a standard deviation of 1.43). Adolescents completed Test Anxiety–Acceptance and Action Questionnaire‐Adolescents, Westside Test Anxiety Scale, and The Academic Resiliency Scale. For data analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were utilized to examine the relationships between variables. Acording to the results of the study, there was a positive relationship between academic resilience and psychological flexibility, a negative relationship between psychological flexibility and test anxiety, and a significant negative relationship between psychological flexibility and test anxiety. Academic resilience was found to predict psychological resilience positively and test anxiety negatively. In addition, psychological resilience had a significant negative effect on test anxiety. Academic resilience and psychological resilience explained 52% of the variance in test anxiety. psychological flexibility alone accounts for approximately 49% of the variance, while academic resilience independently explains about 36% of the variance in test anxiety. In addition, the significant mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between academic resilience and test anxiety was confirmed. According to these results, it seems important to improve both academic resilience and psychological in adolescents to reduce test anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The quality and safety of information provided on online platforms for migraine treatment remains uncertain. We evaluated the top 10 trending websites accessed annually by Turkish patients seeking solutions for migraine treatment and assessed information quality, security, and readability in this cross-sectional study. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was conducted using Google starting in 2015, considering Türkiye's internet usage trends. Websites were evaluated using the DISCERN measurement tool and Ateşman Turkish readability index. Results: Ninety websites were evaluated between 2015 and 2024. According to the DISCERN measurement tool, most websites exhibited low quality and security levels. Readability analysis showed that half of the websites were understandable by readers with 9th − 10th grade educational levels. The author distribution varied, with neurologists being the most common. A significant proportion of the websites were for profit. Treatment of attacks and preventive measures were frequently mentioned, but some important treatments, such as greater occipital nerve blockade, were rarely discussed. Conclusion: This study highlights the low quality and reliability of online information websites on migraine treatment in Türkiye. These websites' readability level remains a concern, potentially hindering patients' access to accurate information. This can be a barrier to migraine care for both patients with migraine and the physician. Better supervision and cooperation with reputable medical associations are needed to ensure the dissemination of reliable information to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University students with higher experiential avoidance may not manage the adverse effects of dysfunctional family dynamics and develop interpersonal difficulties and suicidal risks. The purpose was to examine the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and interpersonal needs (i.e., thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness) in the relationship between family-of-origin dynamics and suicidality. Seven hundred ninety-four Turkish university students responded to a survey package measuring the constructs of self-differentiation, triangling, interpersonal needs, experiential avoidance, suicidality, and demographic information. Specific indirect effects -in two separate structural equation models- testing mediation effects of latent variables with bootstrapping revealed that participants with greater self-differentiation reported lower levels of experiential avoidance, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness (in serial), and suicidality (Model 1). Participants with higher triangling reported higher experiential avoidance, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness (in serial), and suicidality (Model 2). Perceived burdensomeness might be a predominant predictor of suicidality in the context of intergenerational family dynamics. Suicidality may increase as university students use avoidant coping strategies. The integrative perspective of the current study contributed to the literature that family-of-origin dynamics have a role in understanding the psychological flexibility and suicidal risks of university students. Implications may include assisting university students in greater self-differentiation and psychological flexibility. Mental health specialists may also consider strategies that university students achieve 'de-triangling' in their family of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study was to investigate the mediating role of common dyadic coping in the relationship between partners’ psychological distress symptoms and sense of we-ness in a sample of 100 married couples. The Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Model revealed that psychological distress was negatively associated with common dyadic coping for wives and husbands. Additionally, significant results were found between common dyadic coping and sense of we-ness in couples living in Türkiye. Results indicated that wives’ common dyadic coping mediated the association between wives’ psychological distress and sense of we-ness. Implications of the current findings for couple relationships and therapy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSMA (spinal muscular atrophy) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease that causes muscle atrophy and weakness. SMA is diagnosed by a homozygous deletion in exon 7 of the SMN1 gene. However, mutations in genes located in the SMA region, such as SMN2, NAIP, SERF1, and GTF2H2, may also contribute to the severity of the disease. Within our study’s scope, 58 SMA patients who applied in 2018–2021 and 40 healthy controls were analyzed. The study retrospectively included the SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers previously determined by the MLPA method. Then, NAIP gene analyses with the multiplex PCR method and GTF2H2 gene analyses with the RFLP method were performed. There was a significant correlation (p = 0.00001) between SMN2 copy numbers and SMA subtypes. Also, the NAIP gene (p = 0.01) and the GTF2H2 gene (p = 0.0049) revealed a significant difference between healthy and SMA subjects, whereas the SMA subtypes indicated no significant differences. We detected a significant correlation between clinical subtypes and HFMSE scores in 32 pediatric SMA patients compared (p = 0.01). While pediatric patients with GTF2H2 deletions demonstrated higher motor functions, and those with NAIP deletions demonstrated lower motor functions. In this study, we examined the relationship between NAIP and GTF2H2, called SMN region modifier genes, and the clinical severity of the disease in Turkish SMA patients. Despite its small scale, this research will benefit future investigations into the pathogenesis of SMA disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of the factors that predict adolescents' aggressive behaviors is important for their healthy development and the welfare of society. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive role of self-compassion, mental toughness and emotional-psychological well-being variables on adolescents' aggressive behaviors. The sample group consisted of 1639 Turkish adolescents (828 girls, 811 boys) aged 11–16 (Mage = 13.62, SD = 1.58) years. We collected the data using the sub-dimension of Prosocial and Aggressive Behaviors, Aggressive Behaviors, Self-Compassion Scale, Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents and The Stirling Childrens' Well-being Scale. The findings of the study showed that there was a significant negative correlation between adolescents' aggressive behaviors and their self-compassion, mental toughness, and emotional-psychological well-being. According to the results of the three-stage hierarchical regression, when we added the mental toughness variable to the first model, we found that it had a predictive role. When self-compassion and emotional-psychological well-being variables were added to the second and third models, respectively, we found that mental toughness had no significant role. Our structural regression analysis results showed that emotional-psychological well-being and self-compassion played a serial mediating role in the relationship between adolescents' mental toughness levels and their aggressive behaviors. Findings support the importance of self-compassion, mental toughness and emotional-psychological well-being in adolescents' aggressive behaviors. Overall, it is thought that the results of our study may contribute to prevention, intervention studies and policies to reduce aggressive behaviors in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the career construction model of adaptation, the present study investigates whether grit predicts life satisfaction via career adaptability and how university students' age moderates this mediated relationship. Using a sample of 338 Turkish university students, the results show that career adaptability mediated the relationships between grit and life satisfaction. Furthermore, the relationship between career adaptability and life satisfaction was stronger among relatively younger university students. University students' age further moderated the indirect effect of grit on life satisfaction via career adaptability. The indirect effect of grit on life satisfaction was stronger among relatively younger college students. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Method Results Conclusion Due to the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the risk of quiet quitting among healthcare professionals is increasing. Individuals who engage in the quiet quitting process may also unknowingly become the target of quiet firing. The concepts of quiet quitting and quiet firing play a crucial role in promoting employee resilience and preventing organizational losses.This study aimed to conduct a validity and reliability analysis of the quiet quitting and quiet firing scale (QQ and QF scale) in Turkish. A methodological study was conducted with 445 healthcare professionals.The item‐total score correlation values ranged between 0.37 and 0.76. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a 14‐item, two‐factor structure. Cronbach's ⍺ internal consistency coefficient was 0.89. The QQ and QF scale had a strong negative correlation with the person‐organization fit scale and the happiness at work scale subscales of engagement, job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment.The results showed that the adapted version of the QQ and QF scale was valid and suitable for use in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that female athletes are at risk for eating disorders. It is thought that factors such as pressure and stress experienced by professional athletes may affect emotional eating and body appreciation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the emotional eating and body appreciation of professional Turkish female athletes. A total of 265 professional female athletes were categorized according to their sport types and nationality. Emotional eating was found to be higher and body appreciation to be lower in athletes competing at the national level. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis, which included variables such as age, body mass index, professional sports background, national level, and sport type show that the most effective factor in explaining emotional eating in professional female athletes is body appreciation. The present study findings support that professional female athletes are at risk in terms of emotional eating and body appreciation. In addition, emotional eating scores were found to be higher and body appreciation scores were lower in national athletes. Psychological factors such as intense stress and pressure have an impact on the eating behavior and body appreciation of national athletes. These results suggest that athletes should be evaluated by nutritionists, doctors, and psychologists from a multidisciplinary perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational activities are significant in that they have an important place in the life of the individual and support mental health. In this study, the relationship between mindfulness and academic buoyancy and the mediating role of academic hope were examined in a longitudinal research study. Data were collected from 287 Turkish university students who participated in the study at 4‐month intervals. An autoregressive analysis of the cross‐lagged panel model for a half‐longitudinal design was used to test the role of academic hope as a mediator in the relationship between mindfulness and academic buoyancy. The results revealed the direct effect of mindfulness on academic hope and academic buoyancy. In addition, academic hope was found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and academic buoyancy. It was, therefore, concluded that improving mindfulness practices may benefit people from both an academic and spiritual perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unmet healthcare needs are a complex and multifaceted issue, influenced by individual, socioeconomic, and healthcare system factors. This study aimed to investigate the determinants influencing cost-related unmet healthcare needs within the Turkish population, emphasizing a comprehensive analysis of gender disparities in accessing healthcare services. Methods: This secondary analysis scrutinizes the 2019 Turkiye Health Survey data of 16,976 individuals aged 15 and older. The dependent variables included cost-related unmet medical, dental, and prescribed medication, and mental services. The independent variables were considered under a three-domain approach for the determination of health service utilization, developed by Andersen. Logistic regression models with predisposing, enabling, and need factors were run for any self-perceived cost-related unmet need for each sex and overall population. Another six regression models for both sexes were run for each subgroup of indivuals with unmet healthcare needs. Results: The study revealed that 15.4% of individuals cannot access healthcare due to financial constraints, with 16.8% for women and 13.5% for men. The highest level of unmet needs is associated with accessing dental care services for both sexes. According to multivariate analyses, the unmet need for both sexes decreases with older age and higher education level, and it is greater for those who have difficulties communicating in Turkish. By adding enabling and needs factors, the odds ratios of education decreased for men, while education became nonsignificant for women. Having chronic disease impacts unmet needs for both sexes. However, the inability to perform daily activities due to health problems was not a significant factor for men. Poorer household income increases overall unmet needs. Education is a determinant of both medical and mental care needs. Conclusions: This pioneering study illuminates the multifaceted gender disparities in cost-related unmet healthcare needs across Turkiye, reflecting the intertwined issues of access influenced by a complex interplay of factors. Our findings underscore the significance of adopting an intersectional approach to address health inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a deadly disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is a source of great difficulty, stress, and trauma not only for patients but also for their caregivers. The physical and emotional suffering that patients experience by patients can lead their caregivers to cope with constant anxiety, sadness, and uncertainty. Moreover, during the cancer treatment process, caregivers must make a great effort to meet the needs of patients and support them. This situation may negatively affect the quality of life and psychological health of cancer patients' caregivers and may lead them to experience trauma. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine posttraumatic growth's relationship with age, the transformative power of suffering, and hope in family caregivers of cancer patients. Participants consisted of 314 Turkish family caregivers of cancer patients (73.2% women; Mage = 39.89 years) selected by using convenience sampling method. Participants answered a data collection tool consisting of a demographic information form, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Trait Hope Scale, and Transformative Power of Suffering Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis, simple mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis. The results of this study revealed that hope mediated the association between the transformative power of suffering and posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of cancer patients, whereas age moderated this relationship. Psychosocial support programs for cancer caregivers could benefit from incorporating interventions that explore the transformative potential of suffering and cultivate hope. Tailoring these interventions to address the specific needs of different age groups may enhance their effectiveness. Future researchers should investigate the factors associated with posttraumatic growth in caregivers across diverse cultures, age ranges, and cancer diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines metacognitive monitoring in Turkish preschoolers aged 48–66 months, crucial for their learning and development. A specialised paired‐association task was designed to assess higher‐order thinking skills in this age group. Data from 160 children (52.5% girls, 47.5% boys; mean age 57.6 months, standard deviation 4.8) were analysed. The Metacognitive Thinking Test includes Recall and Judgement sections, where children rate confidence after recall attempts. Factor analysis of the Judgement Part revealed a two‐factor structure with 14 items demonstrating memory‐confidence alignment. The overall test's Cronbach's alpha value is 0.820. Notably, children tended to overestimate inaccurate recollections, aligning with the Dunning–Kruger effect. Despite limitations, the study sheds light on the complex relationship between confidence and accuracy in young children's metacognitive monitoring development, laying the foundation for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the oncological outcomes of clear cell RCC (ccRCC), which is common in renal cell carcinomas (RCC), and chromophobic RCC (chRCC), which is less common, and to define the factors affecting survival in the Turkish patient population for both RCC subclassifications. Materials and Methods: Patients with a pathologically confirmed RCC diagnosis after radical or partial nephrectomy in the Turkish Urooncology Association (TUOA), Urological Cancers Database-Kidney (UroCaD-K), were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with ccRCC and chRCC were included in the study. The primary outcomes of this study are recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for each histological subtype. Results: Data from 5300 patients in the TUOA UroCaD-K are reviewed and a total of 2560 patients (2225 in the ccRCC group and 335 in the chRCC group) are included in the final analysis. In the comparison of the groups, tumor size was greater both radiologically and pathologically in chRCC (p = 0.019 vs 0.002 respectively). Recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates are worse in ccRCC subgroup. In the evaluation of risk factors; pathological stage, local invasion and Fuhrmann grade were found to be significant for recurrence in ccRCC. Age, body mass index and pathological stage were the risk factors affecting overall mortality (OM). Pathological tumor size was an independent risk factor for recurrence in chRCC, while age was analyzed as the only parameter affecting OM. Conclusion: chRCC oncological data and OS, CSS and RFS rates were found to be better than ccRCC in the Turkish patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the onset of the First World War, the Ottoman Empire declared armed mobilisation and implemented measures to defend its territories, considering the warring parties. The process of armed mobilisation, which began in August 1914, was subject to various discussions, with some sources highlighting inadequacies in the studies carried out. Setting aside these discussions, it is evident that the Ottoman Empire took necessary measures to safeguard its borders and coasts. This study examines the Ottoman Empire's defence of the Gulf of Izmir during and after the armed mobilisation process. This text discusses all stages of the Izmir Gulf Defence, which occurred simultaneously with the Gallipoli Campaign. The discussion is based on sources related to the subject, particularly archive documents. The study evaluates details not included in the literature from archive documents. The fate of Izmir and Çanakkale was intertwined, beginning with the bombardment of the Seddülbahir region of Çanakkale and the counterattack on Izmir in November 1914. Information and documents reveal that Izmir played a significant role in the events surrounding the 18 March 1915 Çanakkale Naval Victory by the Turks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the psychometric evaluation of the Maternal Attitudes Questionnaire (MAQ) in the Turkish population by adapting it to Turkish. Methods: State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and MAQ were used in data collection. The research sample comprised 359 women in the perinatal period. To evaluate test–retest reliability, MAQ was administered to 20 participants again after 4 weeks. Results: Four items with item–total–item correlations below 0.3 were removed from the questionnaire, and analysis was continued on 10 items. In the factor analysis, a two-factor structure was obtained, explaining 45.59% of the variance. The Cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire in our sample was found as 0.664. For test–retest reliability, the Pearson correlation coefficient was found as 0.804 after a 4-week period. Maternal Attitudes Questionnaire correlated significantly with EPDS, STAI, and DAS. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the Turkish version of the MAQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool in the perinatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentation and the presence of various autoantibodies. This study aimed to determine the differences in clinical findings according to antibody positivity in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) in the Turkish population. A retrospective study was conducted and 402 patients (378 women and 24 men) with pSS were analyzed. The patients were categorized into three subgroups based on serological tests. These were (1) quadruple seropositivity (positive for anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen A antibodies (anti-SSA; anti-Ro) and anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen B antibodies (anti-SSB; anti-La), rheumatoid factor (RF), and antinuclear antibody (ANA); (2) double seropositivity (positive for ANA and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies); and (3) quadruple seronegativity (negative for ANA, RF, anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies). The number of quadruple-seropositive patients was 72 (18.6%), double-seropositive 174 (43.2%), and quadruple-seronegative was 85 (21.1%). The age at diagnosis of quadruple-seropositive pSS was 42.4 ± 10.8, which was significantly younger than that of patients with double-seropositive and quadruple-seronegative pSS (p = 0.021, p = 0.112). In terms of organ involvement, salivary gland enlargement, arthralgia, arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, lymphadenopathy, cutaneous vasculitis, interstitial lung disease, neurological involvement, autoimmune thyroiditis, renal interstitial disease, anemia, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and hypocomplementemia were more common in quadruple-seropositive patients with pSS than in quadruple-seronegative patients (p < 0.0001). The results of this study confirmed the strong impact of immunological markers on the pSS phenotype at the time of diagnosis. Immunological patterns play a central role in the phenotypic expression of the disease, even during the initial diagnostic phase, and can guide physicians in designing personalized treatment plans for patients with pSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in two large cohorts from Turkey and the United States. Methods: Patients diagnosed with childhood-onset SLE who fulfilled the 1997 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE from four reference centers in Turkey and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in the United States were included in this study. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the similarities and differences in clinical and laboratory features, damage accrual, and treatment experiences between the two populations. Results: A total of 174 patients with childhood-onset SLE were included in this study (108 patients from Turkey and 66 patients from the United States). The female-to-male ratio was similar between the two cohorts (∼3:1, p =.73). The median age at diagnosis was 11.67 years (2.19-17.93) in the Turkish cohort and 13.68 years (2.74-17.93) in the U.S. cohort (p <.001). Photosensitivity (45.4% and 21.2%; p =.007) and renal involvement (41.7% and 36.4%; p =.045) were higher in the Turkish cohort. Anti-Ro/SSA (34.8% and 15.7%; p <.001), anti-Sm (59.1% and 19.4%; p <.001), and anti-RNP (47.0% and 14.8%; p <.001) positivity was more frequent in the U.S. cohort. Current use of rituximab (37.9% and 1.9%; p <.001) and belimumab (19.7% and 0%; p <.001) was more prevalent in the U.S. cohort, while the use of cyclophosphamide (often according to the low dose Euro-Lupus protocol) throughout the disease course (24.1% and 4.5%; p <.001) was more frequent in the Turkish cohort. SLICC/ACR Damage Index scores were not different between the two cohorts. Conclusion: This study provides detailed clinical and laboratory features of childhood-onset SLE in two independent and geographically divergent cohorts. Our findings suggest an earlier age of disease onset and a higher prevalence of kidney involvement in Turkish patients. Differences in treatment approaches were also noted. However, damage accrual related to SLE does not appear to be different between the two patient populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study addresses the question of how a background of migration, nationalization, and globalization influences young Muslim women residing in Germany who form their identity and position themselves successfully in modern society. It includes 25 interviews with young Muslim women in the age group 18–25 years whose parents or grandparents migrated to Germany from Turkey. In terms of how their identity has evolved, the participants recount a mostly positive integration into German society, especially on a professional level, contrary to the negativity and devaluation often experienced within their Turkish family. This is a symptom of how Turkish and German society place different expectations on women, with an effect on the development of their identity as well as causing conflicting emotions, especially, for example, when it comes to religious matters such as deciding whether to wear a headscarf. The different personal and subjective motivations behind this are the result of Turkish-Islamic ideas clashing with Western secular thinking. These findings are psychoanalytically explained by suras on veiling in the Quran and the Lacanian dialectic of the symbolic and imaginary phallus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In our study, we aimed to compare the Friedewald, Martin/Hopkins, and Sampson formulae with direct LDL-cholesterol (d-LDL-C) measurement. Methods: The study was a retrospective investigation by the Department of Medical Biochemistry of the Ankara Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022. Our study evaluated the results of 6297 patients aged 18–95 years who underwent cholesterol panel TC, TG, HDL-C, and direct LDL-C in our laboratory. The estimated LDL-C was calculated according to Friedewald, Martin/Hopkins, and Sampson formulae. Results: All three formulae showed a stronger positive correlation with d-LDL-C (0.905, 0.897, and 0.886, respectively, for all data, p<0.001). In addition, when we compared the total median difference (1st–3rd quartile) of all formulae, it was -0.69 (-1.62 to 0.39) for Friedewald, 0.034 (-0.74 to 1.14) for Martin/Hopkins and -0.40 (-1.19 to 0.55) for Sampson. According to Passing Bablok regression analyses, the intercept was determined as -0.97 (95% CI=-1.01 to -0.93), 0.41 (95%=0.37 to 0.44) and -0.05 (-0.08 to -0. 03) and slopes were calculated as 1.083 (95% CI=1.07–1.09), 0.88 (0.88 to 0.89) and 0. 90 (95%=0.89 to 0.90) for Friedewald, Martin/Hopkins and Sampson, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Martin/Hopkins formula performed better than the Friedewald and Sampson formulas. We figured out utilizing the Martin/ Hopkins formula as a good alternative for estimated LDL-C in Turkish adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the synchronization of manual gestures with prosody and information structure using Turkish natural speech data. Prosody has long been linked to gesture as a key driver of gesture–speech synchronization. Gesture has a hierarchical phrasal structure similar to prosody. At the lowest level, gesture has been shown to be synchronized with prosody (e.g., apexes and pitch accents). However, less is known about higher levels. Even less is known about timing relationships with information structure, though this is signaled by prosody and linked to gesture. The present study analyzed phrase synchronization in 3 hr of narrations in Turkish annotated for gesture, prosody, and information structure—topics and foci. The analysis of 515 gesture phrases showed that there was no one-to-one synchronization with intermediate phrases, but their onsets and offsets were synchronized. Moreover, information structural units, topics, and foci were closely synchronized with gesture phrase medial stroke + post-hold combinations (i.e., apical areas). In addition, iconic and metaphoric gestures were more likely to be paired with foci, and deictics with topics. Overall, the results confirm synchronization of gesture and prosody at the phrasal level and provide evidence that gesture shows a direct sensitivity to information structure. These show that speech and gesture production are more connected than assumed in existing production models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period known as the Karasuk culture was identified following the discovery of the first artifacts around the Karasuk River from around 1200 BCE, marking the beginning of the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, after the Afanasyevo, Okunevo, and Andronovo cultures in the Southern Siberia region. Chronologically, it is divided into two phases: Classic Karasuk and finding after Kammenni Log, later it was classified as Late Karasuk. The material culture elements of the Karasuk culture period, found near the Karasuk River, Altai-Sayan region of Southern Siberia, and the territories of Kazakhstan, bear a significant resemblance to those of the Andronovo culture. Consequently, there are theories connecting them to the Andronovo culture in terms of origin. However, some opinions suggest that they emerged as a result of a mixture between the Andronovo society and groups coming from the north of China. Numerous settlements, mines, and foundry remains have been discovered in significant locations such as Kamenka and Tepsey. Products such as bronze knives and axes from the Karasuk culture period have been obtained in a vast area extending to the territory of Kazakhstan. The graves are square or rectangular in shape, surrounded by flat plates, and the top of the burial casket is covered with logs or stone slabs. The graves of individuals believed to be relatives are enclosed in circular or squareshaped enclosures, with the enclosures of graves thought to belong to related individuals being interconnected. With this study, we aim to explore the characteristic features of the material culture remnants left by the Karasuk culture in the geographically widespread area during its chronological spread. We will delve into the interactions with the communities and cultures they engaged with, as well as their exchanges and influences, to shed light on their connections with the Turks and present a perspective on the Karasuk culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilingualism is a subfield of sociolinguistics. Individuals who use two or more languages are multilingual. Today, it is possible to encounter multilingual individuals in every country. Multilingualism is a topic that is currently being researched by sociolinguistics researchers. In the 11th century, there were multilingual individuals. Dîvânu Lûgati't-Türk is an important dictionary that brings multilingual individuals and societies to the present day. Kâshgarlı Mahmud, in the light of the information he compiled from the Turkish tribes, states that multilingual individuals lived in his work. In the 11th century, Turkic tribes who knew and used more than one language are the subject of our study. In our study, multilingual tribes and clans were investigated by examining Dîvânu Lûgati't-Türk prepared by Ahmet B. Ercilasun and Ziyat Akkoyunlu. Tribes and clans were examined by taking into account the geography they lived in, their economic activities, religions and the neighbors they might be affected by.. Our research was conducted using the document review technique, one of the qualitative research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) occurs due to mutations in genes involved in pancreatic beta cell function and insulin secretion, has heterogeneous clinical and laboratory features, and account for 1-5% of all diabetes cases. The prevalence and distribution of MODY subtypes vary between countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics, mutation distribution, and phenotype-genotype relationship in a large case series of pediatric Turkish patients genetically diagnosed with MODY. Methods: MODY cases from 14 different pediatric endocrinology departments were included. Diagnosis, treatment, follow-up data, and results of genetic analysis were evaluated. Results: A total of 224 patients were included, of whom 101 (45%) were female, and the mean age at diagnosis was 9.4±4.1 years. Gene variant distribution was: 146 (65%) GCK; 43 (19%) HNF1A; 8 (3.6%) HNF4A, 8 (3.6%) KLF11 and 7 (3.1%) HNF1B. The remaining 12 variants were: PDX (n=1), NEUROD1 (n=3), CEL (n=1), INS (n=3), ABCC8 (n= 3) and KJNC11 (n=1). Of the cases, 197 (87.9%) were diagnosed with incidental hyperglycemia, 16 with ketosis (7%) and 7 (3%) with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), while 30% presented with classical symptoms of diabetes. Two-hundred (89%) had a family history of diabetes. Anti-GAD antibody was detected in 13 cases, anti-islet antibody in eight and anti-insulin antibody in four. Obesity was present in 16. Distribution of therapy was: 158 (71%) diet only; 23 (11%) intensive insulin treatment; 17 (7.6%) sulfonylureas; 10 (4.5%) metformin; and 6 (2.7%) insulin and oral anti-diabetic treatment. Conclusion: This was the largest genetically diagnosed series from Turkey. The most common gene variants were GCK and HNF1A with much lower proportions for other MODY types. Hyperglycemia was the most common presenting symptom while 11% of patients had diabetes-associated autoantibodies and 7% were obese. The majority of patients received dietary management only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish normative values for maximum inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure in the Turkish population while creating specific equations to calculate these values. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 219 healthy adults, with a minimum of 50 individuals in specific age ranges: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-60 years. Each age group comprised at least 25 males and 25 females. Participants were required to be free from health conditions influencing respiratory muscle strength and non-smokers. Measurements of maximum inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure were recorded for all participants. RESULTS: As a result of the regression analysis performed for the maximum inspiratory pressure values, the model P value was < .001, and the R2 value was found to be 0.261. The equation obtained as a result of the model was: 82.583 - 3.218 × gender - 0.093 × age + 9.534 × height + 0.343 × weight. As a result of the regression analysis performed for maximal expiratory pressure values, the model P value was <.001, and the R2 value was found to be 0.285. The equation obtained as a result of the model was: 157.165 - 35.522 × gender - 0.271 × age-42.036 × height + 0.787 × weight. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed equations offer valuable tools for evaluating respiratory muscle strength in the Turkish population. These results confirm the importance of using maximum inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure to monitor changes in each patient, while also emphasizing the necessity of reliable reference equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to validate the Turkish version of the Career Exploration and Decision Self‐Efficacy (CEDSE) Scale with Turkish undergraduate students. Results show that with the sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 202) the Turkish CEDSE Scale had a two‐factor structure with 12 items. The CEDSE Scale's two‐factor structure was validated by a sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 255). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the measurement invariance of the CEDSE Scale across gender groups. The Turkish CEDSE Scale produced positive relations with measures of vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness as well as strong positive correlations with career decision‐making self‐efficacy. The CEDSE Scale scores produced statistically significant beta coefficients predicting vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness. The results support the concurrent and criterion‐related validity of the CEDSE Scale. Calculations of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and stability coefficients yielded evidence for the CEDSE Scale's reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the direct and indirect associations between social–emotional learning (SEL) skills, career decision self‐efficacy (CDSE), vocational outcome expectations (VOE), and career engagement (CE) within social cognitive career theory (SCCT) in a sample of Turkish university students. Junior and senior students (N = 460) completed the Social–Emotional Learning Scale‐Young Adult Form, the Career Decision Self‐Efficacy Scale‐Short Form, the Vocational Outcome Expectations Scale, the Career Engagement Scale, and the Demographic Information Form. Data was collected during COVID‐19 lockdowns in 2021. The results of a multiple serial mediation model indicated that higher SEL skills were related to higher CDSE and VOE, and, in turn, to CE. Overall, the results show that SCCT provides a promising framework for identifying predictors of CE, self‐directed career management behavior, in young adults during the transition from school to work. These findings have implications for theory, research, and practice by identifying potential influences on CE during COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin and is characterized by reading and/or spelling problems affecting the development of language-related skills. The aim of this study is to reveal functional markers based on dyslexia by examining the functions of brain regions in resting state and reading tasks and to analyze the effects of special education given during the treatment process of dyslexia. A total of 43 children, aged between 7 and 12, whose native language was Turkish, participated in the study in three groups including those diagnosed with dyslexia for the first time, those receiving special education for dyslexia, and healthy children. Independent component analysis method was employed to analyze functional connectivity variations among three groups both at rest and during the continuous reading task. A whole-brain scanning during task fulfillment and resting states revealed that there were significant differences in the regions including lateral visual, default mode, left frontoparietal, ventral attention, orbitofrontal and lateral motor network. Our results revealed the necessity of adding motor coordination exercises to the training of dyslexic participants and showed that training led to functional connectivity in some brain regions similar to the healthy group. Additionally, our findings confirmed that impulsivity is associated with motor coordination and visuality, and that the dyslexic group has weaknesses in brain connectivity related to these conditions. According to our preliminary results, the differences obtained between children with dyslexia, group of dyslexia with special education and healthy children has revealed the effect of education on brain functions as well as enabling a comprehensive examination of dyslexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most prominent issue influencing Turkish‐Armenian relations is the international recognition of the Armenian genocide. However, there is a notable absence of empirical analyses regarding the perceptions of the genocide among the Turkish population. This study aims to fill this scholarly gap by exploring, for the first time, the perspectives of Turkish Jews. It analyses evidence collected from interviews conducted with 14 Turkish Jews, utilising Stanley Cohen's (2001) theoretical framework, which aids in delineating significant factors by a categorisation of types of acceptance and denial. The findings highlight a diversity of responses linked to political attitudes, which can be broadly categorised into Kayades and Avlaremoz mindsets. They also show that Turkish Jews' views on the Holocaust influence how they perceive the Armenian genocide. Additionally, the results indicate that Cohen's approach is useful in explaining non‐denying responses. In conclusion, the study argues that Turkish Jews' perspectives appear to be strongly related to their stance towards the Turkish state and the Holocaust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to compile recent clinical and genetic data from Turkish patients with inherited retinal disorders and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted Next‐generation sequencing panels. The study included Turkish individuals with hereditary retinal diseases who visited the Medical Genetic Department of Erciyes University between 2019 and 2022. One proband per family was selected based on eligibility. We used Hereditary Disorder Solution (HDS) by Sophia Genetics and performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) with Illumina NextSeq‐500. Bioinformatics analysis using Sophia DDM® SaaS algorithms and ACMG guidelines classified genomic changes. The study involved 354 probands. Disease‐causing variants were found in 58.1% of patients, with ABCA4, USH2A, RDH12, and EYS being the most frequently implicated genes. Forty‐eight novel variants were detected. This study enhances the knowledge of clinical diagnoses, symptom onset, inheritance patterns, and genetic details for Turkish individuals with hereditary retinal disease. It contributes to broader health strategies by enabling comparisons with other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was conducted to adapt the Adherence to Asthma Medication Questionnaire (AAMQ-13) into Turkish. Methods: The research was conducted in the pulmonology outpatient clinic of a state hospital in Nigde/Turkey. The sample consisted of 229 volunteers with asthma for at least one year. First, language and content validity were assessed. After evaluating the language validity and content validity of the questionnaire, internal consistency, split-half reliability, and construct validity were examined. Questionnaire and demographic data were analyzed using numbers, percentages, dependent and independent groups t-tests, correlation analysis. Results: The AAMQ-13-TR has a Cronbach's alpha (α) score of 0.90 (p < 0.001). It has a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.86. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) shows that the factor structure of the AAMQ-13-TR agrees well with the two-factor model of the original questionnaire. Conclusions: This study presented sources of evidence of validity of AAMQ-13-TR in Turkish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to reveal the morphometry of the distal tibia and posterior malleolus and to generate morphometric reference data for the tibial component of total ankle prosthesis. Methods: This study was performed on 121 human dry tibiae (47 right, 74 left). The morphometric measurements of distal tibial structures, tibial length and the distance between the medial and posterior malleolus were measured in this study. Measurements on 44 tibiae were repeated three times and averaged for minimizing intra-observer error. Results: The tibial length was found 34.19 ± 2.31 cm. Mean values of width of fibular notch at tibial plafond and 10 mm proximal to the tibial plafond were 25.71 ± 2.44 mm and 17.81 ± 2.46 mm, respectively. Mean depth of fibular notch at tibial plafond and 10 mm proximal to the tibial plafond were 3.60 ± 1.04 mm and 3.37 ± 1.24 mm, respectively. Mean height of fibular notch was found 48.21 ± 10.51 mm. Mean width and height of medial malleolus were 25.08 ± 2.13 mm and 14.73 ± 1.85 mm, respectively. Mean width and length of tibial plafond were 27.71 ± 2.74 mm and 26.96 ± 2.62 mm, respectively. Mean values of width and height of posterior malleolus were measured 21.41 ± 3.26 mm and 6.74 ± 1.56 mm, respectively. Mean distance between medial and posterior malleolus was found 37.17 ± 3.53 mm. Mean width and depth of malleolar groove were 10.26 ± 1.84 mm and 1.73 ± 0.75 mm, respectively. The mean intra-class correlation values were found between the 0.959 and 0.999. Conclusions: Knowing the distal tibial morphometry is crucial for designing convenient ankle replacement implants for Turkish population. To our knowledge, this study is the first in the literature that identifies posterior malleolar morphometry on dry tibiae. We believe that this study will make a significant contribution to the literature about distal tibial morphometry and especially the posterior malleolus and the data of our study can be used for designing total ankle prosthesis in Turkish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the need for a globalized approach to developmental science, as opposed to one that is primarily focused on North America and Europe. The lack of global diversity in research has led to a narrow range of cultures, experiences, and methods being represented, which limits the questions that can be asked about human development. The article highlights the importance of understanding the variation in development across different cultures and environments. The special issue of the journal includes articles from underrepresented regions, covering a range of developmental domains and methodologies. The authors argue that creating separate spaces for diversity-related topics can help address publication barriers and increase global representation in developmental science. They emphasize the need for a more valid, generalizable, and representative science of human development. [Extracted from the article]

Blind adults display language‐specificity in their packaging and ordering of events in speech. These differences affect the representation of events in co‐speech gesture–gesturing with speech–but not in silent gesture–gesturing without speech. Here we examine when in development blind children begin to show adult‐like patterns in co‐speech and silent gesture. We studied speech and gestures produced by 30 blind and 30 sighted children learning Turkish, equally divided into 3 age groups: 5–6, 7–8, 9–10 years. The children were asked to describe three‐dimensional spatial event scenes (e.g., running out of a house) first with speech, and then without speech using only their hands. We focused on physical motion events, which, in blind adults, elicit cross‐linguistic differences in speech and co‐speech gesture, but cross‐linguistic similarities in silent gesture. Our results showed an effect of language on gesture when it was accompanied by speech (co‐speech gesture), but not when it was used without speech (silent gesture) across both blind and sighted learners. The language‐specific co‐speech gesture pattern for both packaging and ordering semantic elements was present at the earliest ages we tested the blind and sighted children. The silent gesture pattern appeared later for blind children than sighted children for both packaging and ordering. Our findings highlight gesture as a robust and integral aspect of the language acquisition process at the early ages and provide insight into when language does and does not have an effect on gesture, even in blind children who lack visual access to gesture. Research Highlights: Gestures, when produced with speech (i.e., co‐speech gesture), follow language‐specific patterns in event representation in both blind and sighted children.Gestures, when produced without speech (i.e., silent gesture), do not follow the language‐specific patterns in event representation in both blind and sighted children.Language‐specific patterns in speech and co‐speech gestures are observable at the same time in blind and sighted children.The cross‐linguistic similarities in silent gestures begin slightly later in blind children than in sighted children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differences in the sequence with which children pass the tasks in Wellman and Liu's (2004) theory of mind (ToM) battery is increasingly bringing into question the universal and cultural specifics of children's developing understanding of others' minds. Children from China, Iran, and Turkey pass the knowledge access (KA) task of the battery earlier than they pass the diverse beliefs (DB) task (e.g., Selcuk et al., 2018). This pattern is the reverse of what has been documented with children from Australia and the US (e.g., Peterson et al., 2005). This paper presents three studies with Turkish samples that explore the possible reasons for developmental sequence and performance differences in the ToM battery. Study 1 investigated Turkish‐speaking adults' judgments of appropriateness for different epistemic verbs as used in the DB and false belief (FB) tasks. Study 2 investigated whether adults' performance (i.e., accuracy, reaction time) on FB tasks were affected by culturally preferred uses of these verbs. Collectively these studies showed that adults found different epistemic language ("guess," "think," and the Turkish‐specific "falsely think") to be appropriate for different belief‐based tasks. However, there was no difference in adults' performance based on epistemic language. In Study 3, Turkish‐speaking preschoolers' performance in belief‐related tasks based on variations in epistemic language and epistemic features (i.e., presence of evidence) was investigated. Among five modifications, Turkish children benefited only from a modification that involved the manipulation of the epistemological basis for ambiguous beliefs (i.e., visual evidence for belief). Research Highlights: Turkish adults find different epistemic language ("guess," "think," and the Turkish‐specific "falsely‐think") to be appropriate for different belief‐based tasks (diverse and false belief tasks).Turkish adults' performance on false belief (FB) tasks is not affected by epistemic language.Turkish children perform better in diverse beliefs (DB) task if an epistemological basis for ambiguous beliefs (i.e., visual evidence for either belief) is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ataxia is one of the clinical findings of the movement disorder disease group. Although there are many underlying etiological reasons, genetic etiology has an increasing significance thanks to the recently developing technology. The aim of this study is to present the variants detected in WES analysis excluding non-genetic causes, in patients with ataxia. Methods: Thirty-six patients who were referred to us with findings of ataxia and diagnosed through WES or other molecular genetic analysis methods were included in our study. At the same time, information such as the onset time of the complaints, consanguinity status between parents, and the presence of relatives with similar symptoms were evaluated. If available, the patient's biochemical and radiological test results were presented. Results: Thirty-six patients were diagnosed through WES or CES. The rate of detected autosomal recessive inheritance disease was 80.5%, while that of autosomal dominant inheritance disease was 19.5%. Abnormal cerebellum was detected on brain MRI images in 26 patients, while polyneuropathy was detected on EMG in eleven of them. While the majority of the patients were compatible with similar cases reported in the literature, five patients had different/additional features (variants in MCM3AP, AGTPBP1, GDAP2, and SH3TC2 genes). Conclusions: The diagnosis of ataxia patients with unknown etiology is made possible thanks to these clues. Consideration of a genetic approach is recommended in patients with ataxia of unknown etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the change in consumer behaviour in the face of high inflation with respect to food security in the Turkish population by developing a 3-factor The Impact of Food Inflation on Consumer Behaviour (IFI-ConB) scale. Item generation and expert evaluation, item purification by preliminary application, and final administration were conducted. The moderate to severe food insecure individuals exhibited a higher inflation impact score on food consumption patterns, food shopping behaviours, and food purchasing motives factors compared to secure to mild insecure individuals. A positive correlation was found between the inflation impact score by IFI-ConB and the price motive for food choice. The primary food choice motive was health among the secure to mild insecure individuals, while for the moderate to severe food insecure individuals, it was price. The findings indicate that food insecure individuals are more affected by high food inflation compared to food secure individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]