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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Resumen: El estándar actual para dejar de fumar es un tratamiento psicológico y farmacológico combinado. No es lo mismo administrar un fármaco para cesación de manera aislada (8-10% de abstinencia al año) que utilizarlo de forma conjunta con apoyo e intervención conductual (más de 30% de abstinencia al año). La razón fundamental por la que se emplean fármacos en el proceso de cesación tabáquica es porque se ha comprobado que no sirven solamente para mitigar la sintomatología de abstinencia si no que su uso aumenta las tasas de cesación que se obtienen a largo plazo (6 o 12 meses). La vareniclina, la terapia de reemplazo con nicotina (TRN), el bupropión y la citisina son más eficaces que placebo. En fumadores con alta dependencia se recomienda una combinación de fármacos, siendo más eficaces aquellas asociaciones que contienen vareniclina. En poblaciones especiales (enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, enfermedades cardiovasculares o patologías psiquiátricas) como primera opción se recomienda vareniclina sola o combinada con TRN. Finalmente, hay que enfatizar, que el que una persona no haya conseguido la cesación con un determinado fármaco en un intento previo no es una contraindicación para su empleo posterior, dado que el éxito depende de muchos factores, como, por ejemplo; forma correcta de uso del fármaco, etapa de motivación, presencia de obstáculos ambientales y una decisión firme para dejar de fumar, entre otros. Abstract: The current standard for smoking cessation is combined psychological and pharmacological treatment. Administering a drug to stop smoking in isolation (8-10% abstinence per year) is not the same as using it together with support and behavioral intervention (more than 30% abstinence). The fundamental reason drugs are used in the process of quitting smoking is because it has been proven that their use not only mitigates withdrawal symptoms but also increases long term quit rates (6-12 months). Varenicline, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion and cytisine are all more effective than placebo. In very dependent smokers, a combination of drugs is recommended, with those associations containing varenicline being more effective. In special populations (chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases or psychiatric pathology), varenicline alone or combined with NRT is recommended as the first option. Finally, it is important to highlight that the fact that a previous unsuccessful attempt to stop smoking with a certain drug is not a contraindication for its subsequent use since success depends on many factors, such as; correct usage of the drug, motivational stage, presence of environmental obstacles and a firm decision to quit smoking, among others.

Introduction. The consumption of psychoactive substances and aggression in adolescence, are two serious social problems, with repercussions at the health, school and family levels. Purpose. To study the relationship between aggression and substance use in adolescent population, and to analyze the differences in consumption between adolescents with low academic performance, family problems or behavioral problems. Method. A total of 1196 adolescents, aged 14 to 18 years (50% female), from 23 educational centers, 10 university degree courses, and 18 specific juvenile centers, from Castile and Leon (Spain), participated. The Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) was used. Results. Substance use was mainly related to adolescent physical aggression and anger. Physical aggression increased progressively as the consumption of any substances rose. Anger was higher in all consumers, intensifying in the case of frequent alcohol binge-drinking. Hostility only correlated with tobacco and cannabis use. On the other hand, adolescents with low academic performance or family problems, smoked more tobacco and cannabis than the general group; adolescents with severe behavioral problems, reported more binge-drinking and higher levels of heavy cannabis and tobacco consumption. Conclusions. These results reinforce the importance of prevention, at the socio-educational and family level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While literature suggests more aggressive cigarette tax reforms to reduce its affordability as well as the tobacco epidemic the tobacco industry argues that these measures, would affect the economy. The goal of this study is to analyze the size of the tobacco sector in Mexico through specific relevant variables on prices and brands and simulate different tobacco excise reforms. An increase in tobacco taxes would indeed decrease consumption and would increase revenues as well, when considering different and recent tobacco price elasticities. Elasticity was estimated for the year 2020 and changes on prices were computed by considering the most recent tobacco tax reforms in 2021 which updated the price according to rise on inflation and two additional reforms by using distinct cigarette brands. The results indicate that a specific tax of an additional peso and $1.50 pesos per cigarette would reduce consumption in the range from 21.7% to 27.7% and increase revenues from 13.4% to 22.7%. The novelty of this work is that the greatest reduction in consumption would be observed in lower-priced brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tempo (1413-7704) is the property of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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El objetivo de este trabajo es rastrear cómo el tabaco fue incorporado y utilizado de manera recreativa/secular por las diversas sociedades que conformaban el área Panaraucana, y cuáles fueron los factores históricos que explican la importancia relativa del tabaco en la vida cotidiana de las sociedades indígenas regionales. Por otro lado, y vinculado con lo anterior, intentaremos establecer cuáles fueron sus fuentes de aprovisionamiento, y qué lugar ocupaba el tabaco en las diversas formas de intercambio con los hispano-criollos.

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Perceived stress has been related to tobacco consumption and it has been observed that women may be more susceptible to this. However, even though women may present a higher level of stress and men a greater tobacco consumption, the association between perceived stress and tobacco consumption is different between men and women. The objective of this study was to know the predictive level of perceived stress on pattern of consumption in men and women interested in quitting smoking. 58 (31 women and 27 men) smokers participated and their pattern of consumption, consumption history and perceived stress were evaluated. The results showed that only in women perceived stress predicts the pattern of consumption (F (1) = 4.353, p = .046) and nicotine dependence (F (1) = 6.498, p = .016). These results point to the importance of implementing stress management strategies in smoking cessation interventions and especially in women in order to maintain abstinence and have more successful treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study analyses the way in which content related to alcohol, tobacco, junk food and sports appear in the 10 most watched movies and 10 most watched series on Netflix. Methodology: To determine this, a conceptual analysis method based on a 5-minute interval coding is used. Results: The results indicate that alcohol is shown in 32.7% of the sections of the films and in 29.8% of the series. Tobacco appears in 13.2% of the intervals of the films and in 14.5% of the series. Junk food has a presence of 24.3% in movies and of 24.9% in series. Regarding sports, 7.8% of the movie sections and 8.5% of the series showed this content. Discussion: Among the conclusions, the need to transform the collective imaginary in relation to these kinds of harmful products is highlighted and, at the same time, the use of the media is promoted to encourage healthy lifestyle habits among consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychologia is the property of Universidad de San Buenaventura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lex Humana is the property of Lex Humana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y del Trabajo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a significant public health issue in Mexico; its prevalence oscillates around 20% of all pregnancies. Concurrently, alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use have become more common in this age group. Methods: To estimate the prevalence of substance exposure in a population of pregnant teenagers, we conducted a prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board. On informed consent, we asked 420 consecutive pregnant youngsters cared for at the outpatient obstetric service of a tertiary public regional women's and children's hospital in Nuevo León, in northeast Mexico, to answer a previously validated questionnaire to estimate the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs use during pregnancy. Results: Of the 420 participants, 317 (75.5%) consumed at least one substance during pregnancy. Alcohol, either alone or in combination, was consumed by 300 (71.7%) participants. Tobacco was used by 117 (27.8%) participants, almost always in combination with other substances, while marijuana and other illicit drugs were consumed by 92 (21.9%) participants. Approximately one-fourth of the participants, 102 (24.1%) reported no substance use during pregnancy. Conclusions: In this series, the reported prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs consumption during pregnancy, explored with a validated instrument, is higher than that previously reported in our country. This fact offers a worrying picture of another set of factors adding to the burden of teenage pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de álcool, tabaco e maconha entre alunos de Escolas Públicas de Ensino Médio da Cidade de Sobral-CE. Métodos: estudo desenvolvido com 546 alunos de sete escolas do Ensino Médio da sede do Município de Sobral-CE, através de um questionário online com informações sociodemográficas e do Drug Use Screening Inventory. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando os testes do Qui-quadrado e razão de verossimilhança. Resultados: o álcool apresentou maior prevalência (16,8%) seguido da maconha (7,3%) e do tabaco (3,5%). Estudar em escola em território de maior desigualdade social e cursar o 2º ou 3º ano, foram estaticamente significantes para o uso dessas três substâncias. Não ter religião também esteve associado ao uso de álcool e tabaco. Conclusões: há necessidade de uma atuação mais efetiva do poder público, com ações intersetoriais, envolvendo a comunidade escolar e equipes de saúde multiprofissionais.

El consulado de Francia en Galicia tuvo que hacer frente a la defensa de los intereses comerciales de su Corona, en un territorio donde se vigilaba muy estrechamente la actividad del contrabando, singularmente de tabaco. En un contexto de transformación del régimen de administración de la renta del tabaco en 1730, se aprecia una intensificación de la lucha contra el comercio ilícito, que la documentación demuestra que fue amparado por el cuerpo consular. Esto es una muestra de la decidida defensa de lo que se consideran que son los privilegios y exenciones que deben gozar las naves francesas en los puertos españoles, no obedece a su relevancia económica para Francia. El rechazo a la visita de las embarcaciones, a la colocación de guardias a bordo de las mismas, a la obligación del fondeo, son elementos que contribuyen a facilitar el contrabando.

Resumo Objetivo É preocupante notar que os usuários sigam usando o narguilé, embora a literatura aponte que o seu uso cause danos irreversíveis à saúde. Esse estudo avaliou a percepção dos usuários de narguilé e a interferência do seu consumo sobre a saúde. Método Esse é um estudo qualitativo. Uma amostra intencional de usuários foi recrutada. Os participantes responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Todas as entrevistas foram avaliadas pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados A maioria dos discursos apontou que os entrevistados conhecem os malefícios à saúde advindos do uso de narguilé. Entretanto, os efeitos sobre a saúde mental raramente foram lembrados pelos entrevistados, embora muitos deles já estivessem em uso problemático de tabaco, álcool e ou de outras drogas. A percepção de controle sobre o uso, o poder reforçador dos efeitos e a ausência de experiências pessoais negativas com o narguilé são importantes motivadores para seguir o uso. Conclusão Campanhas educativas e medidas para a redução e o controle do uso devem ser encorajadas.

Resumo: No Brasil, a venda de cigarros é permitida apenas em embalagens fechadas com 20 unidades. Avaliou-se a evolução ao longo do tempo da proporção de fumantes adultos que adquiriram cigarros industrializados avulsos na última compra. Utilizaram-se os dados da Pesquisa Especial de Tabagismo conduzida em 2008 e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde conduzida em 2013 e 2019. Modelo linear generalizado foi usado para calcular as diferenças na proporção de compra de cigarros avulsos entre os anos das pesquisas, ajustadas por variáveis sociodemográficas e de comportamento de fumar. Considerando 2013 como ano de referência, as diferenças relativas entre as proporções foram, respectivamente, -15,3% (valor de p ajustado ≤ 0,05) na comparação com 2008, e +13,3 (valor de p ajustado = 0,08) na comparação com 2019. Cerca de 20% dos jovens adultos fumantes relataram comprar cigarro avulso em 2019 e a diferença na proporção de compra de cigarro avulso entre indivíduos de 18 a 24 anos e aqueles mais velhos provavelmente aumentou entre 2013 e 2019 (valor de p interação ajustado = 0,08). Há motivos de preocupação, pois o fortalecimento da política tributária entre 2008 e 2013 foi acompanhado de um aumento na proporção de compra de cigarros avulsos. Apesar da queda do preço real do maço de cigarros a partir de 2017, um contexto de baixa efetividade de implementação de outras medidas antitabagismo acentuou provavelmente a diferença da proporção de compra de cigarros avulsos entre jovens e adultos. A presença permanente do cigarro avulso como modalidade de aquisição contribui para que subgrupos populacionais mais vulneráveis do ponto de vista econômico se tornem e/ou permaneçam dependentes do comportamento de fumar.

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Noticiário sobre o comunicado da União Internacional Contra o Câncer, recebido pelo Serviço Nacional de Câncer, sobre as evidências e estudos independentes realizados em vários países, comprovando a relação entre câncer do pulmão e o hábito de fumar cigarros. A União, portanto, solicita que as autoridades responsáveis, em tôdas as nações, tomem medidas que visem a reduzir o sempre crescente número de vidas que desnecessàriamente se perdem, devido ao aumento da incidência do câncer do pulmão.

The French consulate in Galicia had to defend the commercial interests of the Crown in a territory where the activity of smuggling, especially of tobacco, was closely monitored. In the context of a transformation of the tobacco revenue administration system in 1730, there was an intensification in the fight against the illegal trade, which the documentation shows was supported by the consular body. This is an example of the determined defense of what are considered to be the privileges and exemptions that French ships must enjoy in Spanish ports; it does not obey their economic relevance to France. The rejection of the inspection of vessels, the placement of guards on board, and the obligation to anchor, are elements that contribute to facilitating smuggling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prosperitas is the property of Budapest Business School / Budapesti Gazdasagi Egyetem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To estimate the smoking and e-cigarette usage prevalence in Mexican adolescent and adult population in 2022. Materials and methods. We used the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 to estimate the prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use, considering sociodemographic variables. Results. The smoking and former smoking prevalence in the adolescent population were 4.6 and 3.7%, while in adults were 19.5 and 17.8%, respectively. Smoking was higher in urban and metropolitan areas, compared to rural ones. Differences by educational level and region of residence were found. The prevalence of e-cigarette usage was 2.6% among adolescents and 1.5% among adults. Conclusion. Smoking remains a serious public health problem in Mexico. Accelerating full implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En Nayarit, México, se configura un Sistema Integrado de Producción de Tabaco (SIPT) que opera principalmente con participación de familias campesinas aunque para algunas labores preparatorias y garantizar la cosecha de la hoja, se contrata temporalmente a jornaleros locales y familias indígenas migrantes originarias de las zonas serranas de Nayarit, Jalisco, Durango y Zacatecas, principalmente, quienes durante la zafra de cosecha viven por algunos meses en condiciones precarias en casas y patios de las viviendas de los productores y en las parcelas agrícolas. A partir del Convenio Marco y de la Ley General para el Control del Tabaco respectivamente, las empresas que controlan el SIPT adoptaron nuevas narrativas y estrategias para la gestión y continuidad de sus negocios, destacándose principalmente la llamada Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las acciones de RSE de las compañías tabacaleras desde un enfoque de la Acumulación por Despojo, entendiendo la RSE como una herramienta capitalista para la extracción de plusvalía. Con apoyo de una metodología cualitativa, basada en la revisión bibliográfica y hemerográfica, observación directa, diarios de campo y entrevistas se han documentado acciones empresariales comprendidas entre 2018 a 2023. El análisis denota que la British American Tobacco y Tabacos del Pacífico Norte han “patrocinado” la operación de los centros Florece y del programa Sustenta en los campos de tabaco de Nayarit, aunque en la realidad tabacalera, la operación de dichos programas y sus costos son asumidos y absorbidos por los productores, mientras que las empresas difunden una imagen de gestión empresarial sustentable.

Introducción: El cáncer pulmonar es en este siglo xxi el tumor malig-no más frecuente en el mundo. Desde 1996, en los Estados Unidos de América (eua), se posicionó como la principal causa de muerte en ambos sexos sólo por debajo de las enfermedades isquémicas cardíacas y cerebrales. En México, desde 1970, se ha presentado un aumento en la frecuencia de muertes por cáncer pulmonar es-pecialmente en las mujeres y aún en pacientes jóvenes, y un cambio en el patrón histológico, pasando de cáncer epidermoide a ade-nocarcinoma pulmonar. La prevención ofrece la mayor oportuni-dad para combatir el cáncer de pulmón, han transcurrido décadas desde que se identificó la relación entre el fumar y los diversos cánceres de pulmón, sin embargo, para el 2021, la mayoría de las muertes por cáncer de pulmón se presentaron en gente fumadora o exfumadora, por lo que el propósito de este artículo es mostrar los datos sobre la mortalidad por cáncer pulmonar en México del año 2000 al 2020 y su relación con el hábito tabáquico.Material y métodos: Se buscaron revisiones sistemáticas, metaa-nálisis y ensayos clínicos de las revistas New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Science, Journal of Apply Physiology, Crit Care Med, Chest, Lung, Thorax, Journal of Pediatrics, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, y revistas latinoamerica-nas como la Revista de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax, la Revista de Sanidad Militar, la Revista Colombiana de Neumología, Salud Pública de México, utilizando las bases de datos de Pubmed, Med-line, SciELO, y www.mdconsult.com. El estudio se realizó de forma virtual en el Departamento de Evaluación Profesional de la Facultad de Medicina de la UAEMéx, de agosto a diciembre de 2021

Objetivo. Determinar la evolución de la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en Colombia en el período 1985-2018 en la población de 35 años y más e identificar cambios en la tendencia. Métodos. Análisis de series temporales de mortalidad. Se calcularon las tasas específicas y estandarizadas por sexo y grupos de edad. Mediante la regresión joinpoint se estimó el porcentaje de cambio anual de las tasas y se identificaron puntos de cambio. Resultados. En el período 1985-2018 se registraron 105 553 muertes por cáncer de pulmón en la población de 35 años y más. Las tasas estandarizadas muestran una tendencia decreciente en el período 1985-2005, excepto en mayores de 64 años. Conclusiones. La tendencia de las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón es decreciente en Colombia. Es necesario potenciar medidas de prevención primaria y secundaria sobre el consumo de tabaco y vigilar otros factores de riesgo como el radón residencial o la ocupación.

Introduction and objective: The term second primary tumor (SPT) is used to designate a new primary cancer that occurs in a person previously diagnosed with cancer. SPT are considered to occur independently and not as a result of a resurgence or metastasis of the index tumor or first primary tumor (FPT). The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, location and treatment of STP, as well as time elapsed between tumor occurrence. Method: A retrospective descriptive study was performed including patients diagnosed with SPT between January 2004 and December 2021 at Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada. The prevalence and location of SPT, related risk factors, time between the onset of FPT and SPT, treatment of FPT and SPT and their outcome were analyzed. Results: From a total of 360 cases, 73 patients were included in the study because of SPT. 75% were smokers and 46.6% were drinkers. Most of these patients were treated surgically. It was observed that the FPT with the highest development of SPT was the larynx, with supraglottis being the most frequent sublocalization. The most frequent SPT was epidermoid carcinoma of the lung. Conclusions: In our series SPT appear in 20% of head and neck tumors. They are more frequent after laryngeal cancer, the most frequent location being the lung. Both tobacco and alcohol play an important role in their development, shortening the time between the appearance of tumors, in addition to the possibility of recurrence, persistence and metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: A partir de la década de los ochenta los mercados laborales han quedado definidos por la precariedad del empleo, lo que puede tener como resultado graves consecuencias para la salud de los trabajadores, a pesar de ello la evidencia para México es limitada. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la precariedad laboral y las condiciones de salud de los trabajadores en México en el año 2018. Métodos: La fuente de información utilizada fue la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018. La metodología que se utilizó tuvo dos etapas, inicialmente un Análisis por Conglomerados (AC) para cuantificar la precariedad laboral en tres niveles, posteriormente un modelo de regresión logística multinomial para conocer la relación entre esos niveles de precariedad laboral y las condiciones de salud de los trabajadores. Resultados: El 75 % de los trabajadores asalariados tienen un nivel de precariedad alto o medio, con problemas de depresión (12.5%) y cardiovasculares (2.1%). El nivel de precariedad se relacionó con alcohol, tabaco y depresión Conclusiones: Los trabajadores con precariedad media o alta tienen más posibilidades de consumir alcohol y tabaco que los de precariedad baja, en lo que respecta a los síntomas depresivos se presenta una relación negativa que indica una reducción de la probabilidad de que un trabajador con precariedad media tiene menos posibilidades de tener síntomas depresivos que un trabajador de precariedad baja.

Para el año 2021 se calcula que 36 millones de personas desarrollaron trastornos por consumo de sustancias a nivel mundial. En Colombia, el tabaco y la cocaína son dos de las sustancias legales e ilegales de mayor consumo. El craving, o deseo de consumo, es una característica asociada a los trastornos por uso de sustancias que a su vez es una de las razones que explica las recaídas y abandono de los procesos terapéuticos. Una potencial estrategia terapéutica para su tratamiento es el uso de N acetilcisteína, la cual se ha visto implicada en la regulación de los niveles de los neurotransmisores cisteína y glutamato. Esta revisión narrativa busca esbozar los mecanismos farmacológicos de la N acetilcisteína y revisar la evidencia actual sobre su utilidad en el craving por cocaína y tabaco. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de la literatura obteniendo 12 artículos entre el periodo 2015-2021, en su mayoría con limitaciones metodológicas. La evidencia reciente sostiene que puede existir una plausibilidad biológica para el uso de N acetilcisteína como coadyuvante en el manejo del craving, pero aún es carente de información robusta para su uso difundido o para generar recomendaciones.

The objective of the work was to evaluate the resistance of new tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hybrids to Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan by incorporating resistance genes from 'Beinhart-1000-1'. Two hundred plants per genotype were included in seedbed experiments, where a randomized block design with three replicates was used. The percentage of plants affected by the disease was evaluated until the susceptible control 'KY-14' reached 100% of diseased plants. For the plantation experiment, 45 day old plants were transplanted from another developed seedbed, and a completely randomized design with two replications was used. Each cultivar occupied a plot with five furrows of 20 plants each. The data on the percentage of diseased plants in both experiments allowed determining the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) to subsequently perform a Simple Ranked Analysis of Variance, Fixed Effects Model. The AUDPC values were higher (less resistant) at the seedling stage than at the planting stage in both experiments, and it was observed that the hybrids and 'Beinhart-1000-1' showed the lowest AUDPCvalues in the two years of research. The female parents achieved higher AUDPC values (less resistant) and differed from their respective F1 offspring. All five tobacco hybrids showed high levels of resistance to P. nicotianae, exceeding the resistance of the female parents, but not that of the male parent 'B-1000-1'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Establish an explanatory model through latent variables analysis of tobacco consumption based on alcohol consumption and alcohol consumption based on attitudes towards consumption in a sample of university students in Ecuador. Method: Descriptive correlational and explanatory design using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) techniques. Participants: 546 students (69.2% women) aged between 17 and 41 years old (M= 21.3 years old; SD= 2.6), from four universities (45.1% public ones) in two cities of Ecuador. Results: The predominance of alcohol consumption is high; the prevalence of tobacco consumption is low, and attitudes towards alcohol consumption are ambivalent. Alcohol attitudes predict alcohol consumption (R²= .57) and alcohol consumption predicts tobacco consumption (R²= .26). Attitudes and consumption provide an explanatory model for tobacco consumption with ꭓ²= 662.59; p< .001; df= 480; ꭓ²/gl= 1.4; CFI= .95; TLI= .94; SRMR= .049; RMSEA= .026 [.021 - .031]. Conclusions: The study of attitudes and consumption behaviors are important for a better understanding about alcohol and tobacco consumption in university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]