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With the exponential growth of multimedia datasets comes the need to combine multiple data representations to create "conceptual" vector spaces in order to use all available sources of information. Following previous experiments [1], in this paper we explore how two different languages can be combined to better represent information. Methods to create textual representations, such as Word2Vec and GloVe, are already well-established in academia and, usually, a single representation method is used in Machine Learning tasks. In this paper, we investigate the effects of different combinations of textual representations to perform classification tasks on a multilingual dataset composed of international news in Portuguese and English. This paper aims to analyze the differences between combinations, and how these representations perform in a small dataset with multiple data inputs.

A 73-year-old woman diagnosed with unresectable pancreatic cancer received weekly gemcitabine(GEM)plus albuminbound paclitaxel(nab-PTX)therapy. Four months after nab-PTX therapy was initiated, she presented with a rapidly decreasing vision in her left eye at an ophthalmology clinic. On admission, her visual acuity was decreased, and optical coherence tomography(OCT)revealed a cystoid macular edema(CME)only in her left eye. She discontinued the nab-PTX therapy immediately. Her visual acuity improved on follow-up 6 months later. The CME finding on OCT was reduced but not completely resolved. CME is a rare adverse event induced by nab-PTX therapy, with only 14 cases reported since 2008. In most of the reported cases, the patients had breast cancer, and this is the first reported case of CME in a patient with pancreatic cancer. The time to CME onset from starting nab-PTX therapy was reported to range from3 to 30months, but the predilection time has not been clarified. Many reports indicated that symptoms improved in a short period after discontinuation of nab-PTX therapy, but effective treatment was not established, except discontinuation of nab-PTX therapy. In daily medical treatment, the incongruity of the ophthalmologic domain should be confirmed for early detection of CME.

Although the hot-top continuous casting process is advantageous in that it enables multistrand casting production of oxide-free ingots of aluminum and aluminum alloys, the ingots it yields are prone to have surface defects such as exudated droplets.

症例は59歳，男性．間歇的な腹痛を主訴に受診した．腹部CT検査では小腸腫瘤を先進部とする腸重積を，またダブルバルーン小腸内視鏡ではBauhin弁の口側70cmの回腸に腫瘤をみとめた．以上より，小腸腫瘍による腸重積と診断した．腹腔鏡補助下手術を施行し，腫瘤部位を含む小腸部分切除術を施行した．病理組織学的所見から腫瘤は内翻した真性憩室で，異所性胃組織を含むことからMeckel憩室の内翻による腸重積と診断した．成人腸重積症の原因としてMeckel憩室の内翻はまれであり，その術前診断は困難である．今回，Meckel憩室の内翻による腸重積の本邦報告例を集計し，その成因・診断・至適治療方針などを検討したので併せて報告する．

症例は77歳，女性．腹痛および発熱を主訴に近医より紹介され，CT・MRIで膵頭部に厚い被膜を有する直径11cmの多房性嚢胞性腫瘍を認めた．多数の比較的大きな壁在結節も認められたことより膵粘液性嚢胞腺癌（MCC）と診断し亜全胃温存膵頭十二指腸切除術を施行した．摘出標本の病理組織学的検索でも卵巣様間質を伴う腺癌を認めMCCと診断されたが嚢胞壁外への浸潤所見はなく非浸潤癌（Tis）と診断された．MCCに関する本邦および海外の報告では圧倒的に中年女性の膵体尾部原発が多く，高齢女性の膵頭部原発のMCCは稀であった．MCCでは術前の良悪性の鑑別は困難であるとされており，非浸潤癌であれば病巣の完全切除が達成されればリンパ節郭清は必ずしも必要ではないと思われるが，至適リンパ節郭清範囲に関しては再発形式も含めた症例の蓄積による検討が必要であると思われた．

症例は59歳の女性で，2年半前に他院で肝嚢胞と診断され経過観察されていた．腹部膨隆症状が出現してきたため当院内科を受診され，CT，MRIで肝右葉に最大径22 cmの嚢胞性病変を認めた．嚢胞内腔はほぼ平滑で1か所に壁在結節が疑われたが造影効果は認められなかった．肝嚢胞腺癌の疑いにて肝右葉切除術を行ったが，切除標本の肉眼検査所見では，嚢胞壁は平滑で明らかな壁在結節を認めず肝嚢胞と診断した．病理組織学的検査で高分化型腺癌が嚢胞壁全体にほぼ単層性に広がり，一部に乳頭状増生を認めたため肝嚢胞腺癌と診断された．腺腫からの移行部も確認され，嚢胞腺腫からの癌化と推察された．検診などで無症状の肝嚢胞性病変が見つかる機会が増えているが，画像上は肝嚢胞と鑑別困難な肝嚢胞腺癌もあり，注意深い経過観察が必要であると思われる．

Background and Objectives The incidence of gastric cancer, in people over 70 years of age, has increased remarkably. Aggressive lymphadenectomy with gastrectomy has been reported to improve survival in patients with gastric cancer. Because complication rates following gastrectomy increase with advancing age, we sought to determine whether this procedure was merited in elderly patients with gastric cancer. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 202 patients who underwent total gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for gastric carcinoma. Postoperative complication rates were compared between patients over and under 70 years of age. Results The 10-year survival rates of patients under and over 70 years of age following total gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy were not significantly different. Although medical comorbidities in each group were similar, pulmonary dysfunction was significantly more common following total gastrectomy in patients over 70 years than in patients under 70 years. Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that patient's age was the only variable that independently correlated with the presence of postoperative complications. Conclusions The prognosis of the gastric cancer patients over 70 years of age was similar to that of younger patients after total gastrectomy with extensive lymphadenectomy. However, pulmonary dysfunction was significantly more common in patients over 70 years old. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:232–236. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Biodegradability of new types of polyglycolic acid (PGA)-collagen composite tubes for nerve regeneration was evaluated in the peritoneal cavity. Hollow PGA mesh tubes were coated with atelocollagen solution, dried at room temperature, and then subjected to dehydrothermal treatment (hollow composite tubes). Hollow composite tubes filled with collagen sponge were also investigated in this study (sponge tubes). Tubes were fixed at the parietal peritoneum of BALB/c mice, and excised 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 months after the insertion. The inner areas of the excised tubes were measured microscopically. The rate of remained inner areas were calculated and analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test. 1 month after the insertion, the inner areas of the sponge tubes were well maintained, though they were not maintained in the hollow composite tubes. The rate of remained inner areas of the sponge tubes was significantly larger than that of the hollow composite tubes until 2 months after insertion. These results suggest that sponge tubes are more suitable than hollow composite tubes for nerve regeneration in the peritoneal cavity.

症例は69歳の女性. 右下腹部腫瘤を主訴に受診し, 同部位に圧痛を伴う小児頭大の腫瘤を触知した. 下部消化管造影検査では横行結腸に圧排像と腫瘍内腔と思われる壁外腔への造影剤の流出を認めた. 内視鏡検査では横行結腸に腸管腔の狭小化と瘻孔を認めたが瘻孔開口部周囲粘膜は正常であった. 開口部より腫瘍内腔へと内視鏡を挿入すると多量の便塊が認められ, 内腔壁よりの生検はmucinous car-cinomaであった. 手術所見では腫瘍は回腸瘻を形成しており, 回盲部から40cmにわたる小腸合併切除を伴う右半結腸切除術を行った. 病理組織学的検査にて横行結腸原発と診断された. 他臓器浸潤を伴う大腸粘液癌では腫瘍径が大きく腸管腔内への腫瘍の発育も顕著であることが多い. 本例の如く壁外性にのみ著明に発育する例は特異的であった. また, 瘻孔形成も十二指腸瘻もしくは空腸瘻のことがほとんどであり, 回腸瘻はまれであった.

We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with multiple lymph node (LN) metastases. A 68-year-old man underwent hepatectomy at our hospital. Intrahepatic recurrence and swelling of multiple LNs were detected by enhanced CT 21 months later. FDG-PET was positive for multiple swollen LNs, but all were negative for the intrahepatic recurrences. Biopsy of para-aortic LNs was revealed LN metastases from HCC. Immunohistochemically, the LN metastases were composed of poorly differentiated HCC. The sensitivity of FDG-PET in patients with HCC varies in relation to degree of differentiation and decreased FDG uptake must be noted.

以上, 室内実験から静置条件で藻類増殖が最も大きい結果が得られ, さらに都市近郊溜池で水流を起こすことによって藻類の異常増殖が抑制され, 悪臭防止等一層の環境の悪化を防止できることが実証された.今後は, 流速などの物理条件と藻類増殖の定量的関係の把握が望まれる.

Since the effectiveness of STI571 for GIST was reported, therapy for GIST has changed markedly, and the disease has attracted attention. We have treated 19 patients with GIST since 2000 by 19 resections (local resection in 14 patients, total gastrectomy in 2 patients, distal gastrectomy in 2 patients, and hepatectomy in 1 patient), and administered STI571 to 5 patients with unresectable or recurrent GIST. Of these 5 patients, 2, 1, 1, and 1 had PR, SD, PD, and inevaluable disease, respectively, with a response rate of 50%. The disease was controllable in 80% of the patients. All patients had palpebral and crural edema as side effects, which were not severe, suggesting the safety of the drug. It is important to tailor therapy (STI571 or surgery) to the patient.

We have reported that dextran sulfate is a possible candidate for an antimetastatic drug because it inhibits cell adhesion. It has been demonstrated that dextran sulfate can detach cancer cells adhering to the bottom of plastic flasks, and that the detached cells do not readhere or proliferate. In this study, we investigated the effects of dextran sulfate on cancer cells, focusing on cell cycle regulators as well as cell adhesion molecules. The effects of dextran sulfate on the cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry, and changes in gene expression caused by dextran sulfate were analyzed by cDNA microarray to identify changes in adhesion and cell cycle genes. By flow cytometry, treatment with dextran sulfate increased the percentage of cells in the G1/G0-phase, and decreased those in the S- and G2/M-phases. Analysis by cDNA microarray revealed decreased expression of several genes essential for progression of the G1- and S-phases. The expression of the adhesion factors involved in metastases was also suppressed. Furthermore, we confirmed these changes in the gene expression by Northern and Western blotting. Our results indicate that dextran sulfate suppresses cell adhesion and cell cycle progression, both of which are essential for metastasis, suggesting that dextran sulfate could be used as an antimetastatic agent.

Standard transanal excision of the rectal polyps is curative and is less invasive than transsacral resection or low anterior resction, but it is difficult to resect tumors that are distant from the anal verge. Moreover, in the case of large polyps, the risks of complications, such as hemorrhage or perforation, increase because exposure on the oral side of the tumor is poor. If exposure can be improved, transanal excision can be performed safely and completely when the polyp is large and distant from the anal verge. We used transsacral manual assistance to achieve transanal resection of a large tubulovillous adenoma of the rectum that was hard to be resected using the traditional transanal approach.

We previously developed a new formulation of methotrexate (MTX) that is adsorbed onto a suspension of activated carbon particles (MTX-CH) and reported the usefulness of local administration in murine tumors. The present study examines the effects of human colon carcinoma (LoVo) xenografts and the acute toxicity of MTX-CH compared with MTX aqueous solution (MTX-AQ) in mice. In therapeutic experiments, LoVo cells were implanted into the backs of BALB/c nude mice. When the cells had developed into tumors, we performed an intratumoral administration of a weekly dose of 30 mg/kg. The MTX concentration in the tumor was compared between the MTX-CH group and MTX-AQ group. In experiments on acute toxicity, MTX-CH and MTX-AQ were injected subcutaneously in BDF1 mice, and intoxication symptoms, changes in body weight, and date of death were recorded. In the therapeutic experiments, intratumoral administration of MTX-CH was much more effective in suppressing the tumor growth compared with MTX-AQ. In experiments of acute toxicity, the death time of the MTX-CH group was delayed to a greater extent, and the 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) values of MTX-CH were lower than those of MTX-AQ. The LD(50) values of MTX-CH are 75 times higher than the efficacious dose of 30 mg/kg. The present results suggest that intratumoral administration of MTX-CH is useful for local therapy and the therapeutic dose of MTX-CH can be safely injected subcutaneously.

The rate of biodegradation of new types of polyglycolic acid (PGA)-collagen composite tubes for nerve regeneration was evaluated in the peritoneal cavity. PGA mesh tubes with a diameter of 2 or 4 mm were coated with collagen solution and dried at room temperature. The tubes were then subjected to dehydrothermal treatment (composite tube). A 2 mm PGA-collagen composite tube filled with collagen sponge was also investigated in this study (sponge tube). Tubes with a length of 15 mm were fixed at the parietal peritoneum of BALB/c mice and excised 2 weeks and 1, 2, and 3 months after the operation. The inner areas of the excised tubes were measured microscopically. Statistical analysis was performed by one way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test. Although the inner areas of the 2 and 4 mm composite tubes were not maintained 1 month after the operation (62 +/- 6.8% and 21 +/- 3.8%, respectively), they were well maintained in the sponge tubes (83 +/- 6.4%). The inner areas of the sponge tubes were significantly larger than those of the composite tubes until 2 months after surgery. These results suggest that sponge tubes are more suitable than composite tubes for nerve regeneration in the peritoneal cavity.

A new dosage formulation of methotrexate (MTX-CH) was developed to control cancer growth by local administration.BALB/c mice received a subcutaneous inoculation with transplantable Colon 26 cancer cells on the back. When cancerous tumor became 7 mm in diameter, MTX-CH or MTX aqueous solution (MTX-sol) was injected into the tumor. The MTX concentration in the tumor was compared between the MTX-CH group and the MTX-sol group. The tumor growth was assessed in single or repeated local administration experiments.The MTX concentrations were significantly higher for longer periods in the MTX-CH group than those in the MTX-sol group. Repeated MTX-CH administration was significantly more effective for suppressing the tumor growth compared with repeated MTX-sol administration.MTX-CH is superior to MTX-sol in controlling the tumor growth by local administration because of its long-acting effect.

The hypogastric nerve (HGN) is a sympathetic nerve in the peritoneal cavity and controls urinary and seminal functions. In this study, the regeneration of HGN was determined by using a new type of an artificial nerve conduit, polyglycolic acid (PGA)-collagen nerve conduit filled with collagen sponge in two dogs. A PGA-collagen nerve conduit (diameter=2mm) was interposed in a 10 mm gap of the right HGN. The regeneration of the HGN was evaluated electrophysiologically 8 months after the operation. The intraluminal pressure of spermatic duct and the bladder neck were elevated 80 mmHg and 25 mmHg respectively by the stimulation across the regenerated HGN. The prostate contraction was also elicited. The responses diminished after the excision of the regenerated portion of HGN. These results proved the regeneration of HGN and this nerve conduit will be great help for patients who suffer from urinary and seminal disturbances.

Peritoneal recurrence is one of the critical problems that occurs after surgery for gastrointestinal cancers. Since no curative treatment has been established for peritoneal recurrence, many efforts have been made to develop an effective method for preventing such recurrence. We focused on dextran sulfate, an anti-cell-adherence agent, to prevent peritoneal metastasis. Our previous studies in vitro and in vivo clarified that dextran sulfate prevents cancer cells from adhering to plastic flasks and the abdominal wall. In this study, we investigated the effects of dextran sulfate on cancer cells from the viewpoint of the cell cycle. Changes in gene expression caused by dextran sulfate were analyzed by cDNA microarrays. Analysis by cDNA microarray revealed the decreased expression of the genes essential to the progression of G1 and S phases. Our results indicate that dextran sulfate suppresses progression of the cell cycle as well as cell adhesion, suggesting that dextran sulfate could be used as an antimetastatic agent. Anti-cell-adherence agents with such mechanisms of action could be effective drugs for treatment during and after operation to prevent peritoneal metastases induced by surgical operation.

Generally, patients with advanced rectal cancer in whom surgical treatment is contraindicated receive radiation or chemotherapy. In such patients, we have administered local injection of methotrexate and mitomycin C bound to activated carbon particles. Four patients received intratumoral injection of the dosage formulation (total dose 100-400 mg of methotrexate or 8-32 mg of mitomycin C) under colonofiberscope. After the treatment, bleeding and pain were lessened in all 4 patients. In two patients, the tumor markedly decreased in size and there was no regrowth prior to death 12-14 months after the treatment. In another patient, bleeding and pain disappeared until the patient died of pulmonary and liver metastases. The fourth patient is alive without regrowth 5 months after treatment. Side effects were not severe.

Sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) for gastrointestinal cancer has been examined using various methods, but the SN concept has not been established. For 18 patients who had colorectal cancer without macroscopic nodal metastases, we had attempted to detect sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) with activated carbon particles and investigate the existence of nodal metastases histologically. SNs were detected in 17 of 18 patients. Thus activated carbon particles are a useful tracer for SN detection. Three patients had microscopic nodal metastases, and two had nodal metastases in SNs. Although the remaining patient was a false negative case which had nodal metastases in non-SNs only, the nodal metastases were within the sentinel lymphatic region (SLR) which includes SNs. It is considered possible to safely perform minimally invasive lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer without macroscopic nodal metastases, by means of SLR dissection using activated carbon particles.