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1. Partner conflict during their index pregnancy and its correlates among a cohort of six weeks postpartum women in Ethiopia

Author: Solomon Abrha Damtew, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Mahari Yihdego Gidey, Tesfamichael Awoke Sisay, and Metages Yohannes
Subjects: Partner Conflict Intimate Partner violence, Physical intimate Partner violence, Sexual intimate Violence, Women Health, Ethiopia, PMA_ET, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Current intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy was found to be associated with adverse health outcomes including pregnancy loss, preterm labor, pregnancy complications, hypertension, delivering low birth weight baby, physical injuries and stress. IPV in Ethiopia is considerably high. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of the IPV during the index pregnancy as measured at six weeks postpartum among women in their extended six weeks postpartum period and identify its correlates. Documenting the magnitude of IPV during the index pregnancy as measured six weeks in the postpartum period and identifying factors affecting it could be imperative to generate actionable evidence. Generating such an evidence contributed its share for the Health Minister and other relevant partners in tracking progress towards achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 5.2.1 by 2030. This study used Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopian (PMA_ET) merged cohort one baseline and six weeks postpartum data which had enrolled and collected data from currently pregnant women. Frequencies were computed to describe the study participant’s characteristics, and chi-square statistics was calculated to assess cell sample size adequacy. Multilevel binary logistics regression statistical modeling was employed to identify correlates of IPV. Results were presented in the form percentages and odds ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals. Candidate variables were selected using p-value of 0.25. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of 0.05. The overall proportion of IPV during the index pregnancy as measured six weeks postpartum was 12.14% (95%CI: 10.66%, 13.79%). A slightly higher percentage of women reported that they have experienced at least one form of sexual IPV 8.09% (95% CI: 6.91%, 9.44%) than experiencing at least one form of physical IPV 6.02% (95% CI: 4.94%, 7.31%). After controlling confounders, the likelihood of experiencing at least one form of physical and/or sexual IPV was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.04, 4.38) times higher among women whose husband had other wives’ compared to those who did not have. Women who were residents of Afar region had only 0.14 (95%CI: 0.03, 0.79) odds of experiencing one form of physical and/or sexual IPV. The overall experience of at least one form of physical and/or sexual IPV was found to be 12.14%. A statistically non-significant slightly higher percentage of women reported that they have experienced at least one form of sexual IPV than experiencing at least one form of physical IPV. Activities and efforts which are specific to regions are needed to address the problem of polygamy are hoped to address the problem IPV during pregnancy. Such activities should be tailored along with the maternal and new born care continuum. Further implication of this study is installing violence and contraceptive related preconception care packages in the health system which is imperative in the combat against IPV and any form of gender based violence. In addition, creating institutional capacity in the health system through strengthening and expanding one stop centers to provide medical treatment, care, and psychosocial support along with support for victims and survivors can be considered as imperative. Moreover, the finding gave an insight that installing rapid referral system and linkage to the legal system is key. Similarly, working on early marriage and counseling on childbirth; and spaced pregnancies for those young couples is implied on. Most importantly, determining the prevalence of violence could serve as one of the indicators to monitor the progress towards SDG 5.2.1 and to look for any strategy and policy changes needed in light of the observed progress.
Published: 2025
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2. Intimate Partner Violence during the Index Pregnancy and its correlates among a panel of pregnant women in Ethiopia, evidence from performance, and monitoring for action (PMA) 2021 cohort two baseline survey

Author: Solomon Abrha Damtew, Solomon Shiferaw, Assefa Seme, Bezawork Ayele Kassa, Fitsum Tariku Fantaye, Addisalem Zebene Armdie, Seifu Yinneda Berhe, Desalegn Getachew Nerisho, Ayanaw Amogne, Mahari Yihdego Gidey, and Niguse Tadele Atnafu
Subjects: Women Health, Cohort data, Intimate partner violence, Physical Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Intimate Partner Violence, Ethiopia, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Abstract Introduction Current intimate partner violence (IPV) in Ethiopia is considerably high. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of IPV among a panel of pregnant women during their index pregnancy and identify its correlates using Performance Monitoring for action (PMA) cohort 2 baseline data. Documenting the magnitude of IPV thus far during the index pregnancy and identifying factors affecting it contributes its share for the ministry and relevant developmental partners in tracking progress towards eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls by 2030. Methods We conducted a further analysis of national level follow up secondary data sets from Performance Monitoring for action Ethiopian (E_PMA). This study used PMA cohort two baseline data which enrolled pregnant and recently postpartum women and collected real time data on various sexual, reproductive, maternal and new born nationwide priority indicators using customized Open Data Kit Mobile application. These data were collected using standard pretested questionnaire prepared in three local languages (Amharic, Afan Oromo and Tigrigna) by well experienced resident enumerators. This study was restricted to 1,796 pregnant women at the enrollment. Frequency was computed to describe the study participant’s characteristics, and chi-square statistics was used to assess cell sample size adequacy. Multilevel binary logistics regression model building process was employed to identify correlates of IPV. Results were presented in the form percentages and odds ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals. Candidate variables were selected using p-value of 0.25. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of 0.05. Results One in six; 16.7% (14.81%, 18.76%) pregnant women have reported experiencing at least one form of physical and/or sexual IPV thus far in their index pregnancy. The prevalence of encountering at least one form of sexual violence was 12.53% (10.91%, 14.35%) while 7% (5.5%, 8.3%) of them experienced at least one form physical intimate partner violence thus far during their index pregnancy. Women perceived risk about contraceptive use ((AOR: 95% CI: 1.66 (1.10, 2.47)), higher birth order ((AOR: 95% CI: 1.88 (1.05, 3.34)), unhappy emotional fertility intention when learned their index pregnancy ((AOR: 95% CI: 1.7 (1.02, 2.84)) and a family size of 4 to 5 ((AOR: 95% CI: 1.87 (1.11. 3.14)) were the fixed effects factors found to increase the odds of IPV significantly and positively. On the contrary, being in the third trimester of gestation at enrollment was another fixed effect variable which contributed for the 44% lower odds ((AOR: 95% CI: 0.56 (0.34, 0.92)) of experiencing IPV thus far in their index pregnancy. Conclusions The overall burden of IPV reported was high; with nearly double the percentage of women experiencing sexual violence during the index pregnancy compared to physical IPV. More work needs to be done to achieve zero tolerance against any form of violence among women and girls in general and among pregnant women in particular. Efforts targeted in improving women perception on issue related with their contraceptive use, counseling women on how to prevent IPV during their antenatal care (ANC) visit along with advising the use of inter pregnancy contraception and empowering them to control on their fertility are hoped to mitigate such considerably higher odds of IPV among pregnant women. Further programs and intervention on awareness creation towards the misconception that women held about contraceptive use would contribute much. These activities and efforts need to target younger women. The implication of the findings calls key actors and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Health Minster to design and implement programs on women emotional fertility readiness and empowering them to control over their fertility through diversified contraceptive provision which is critical in combating the reported substantial IPV experience during pregnancy. Creating institutional capacity in the health system through strengthening and expanding one stop centers to provide medical treatment, care, and psychosocial support for victims and survivors could play a pivotal role. In addition, installing rapid referral system and linkage to the legal system could play a vital role. Moreover, working on early marriage and counseling on childbirth; and spaced pregnancy for those young couples is imperative. Further implication of this study was installing contraceptive and violence related preconception care packages in the health system is very critical in the combat against IPV and any form of gender based violence.
Published: 2024
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3. Emotional Fertility Intention and its correlates in Ethiopia among married contraceptive user women: using linked community and health facility data from performance monitoring for action; a generalized ordered logistics regression modeling

Author: Solomon Abrha Damtew, Mahari Yihdego Gidey, Fitsum Tariku Fantaye, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Bezawork Ayele Kassa, Hailay Gebremichael Gebrekidan, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Aynaw Amogne, Kelemua Mengesha Sene, and Tariku Dejene Demissie
Subjects: Women health, Emotional fertility intentions, PMA Ethiopia, Linked data, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Emotional fertility intention and couples communication are key during pregnancy and childbirth with simultaneous minimization of reproductive coercion. Intention to conceive is an integral part of the reproductive health (RH) right and can be considered as decision making on fertility, family wellbeing and the country’s population demographic dividend and composition. However, in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia where males dominance is culturally constructed and socially accepted, males took the lead in every decision making process. In the aforementioned context, women are less likely for their voices to be heard, hence, this study aimed at determining the level of womens´ emotional fertility readiness and its correlates. The finding provided actionable evidence for the ministry and developmental partners working on reproductive and womens´ health so as to be used as an action point to empower women in terms of their reproductive health right to have control over their fertility. Methods Linked community and facility data with nationally representation from Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA Ethiopia) 2020 Survey Ethiopia except Tigray Region were used for this study. A total of 2,069 current and/or recent contraceptive user women of child bearing age who are currently married/living together as a partner were included in this analysis. Frequency was computed to describe the study participant’s characteristics. Generalized Ordered logistics regression modeling was employed to identify correlates of the hierarchical variation in women fertility intention if they became pregnant. Results were presented in the form of percentages and odds ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals. Candidate variables were selected using p-value of 0.25. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of 0.05. Results The proportion of womens´ emotional fertility intention of feeling unhappiness was 48.73% (95%CI: 46.21%, 51.23%). On the contrary, 22.88%, 11.36% and 17.03% of them reported that they felt sort of happy, very happy and mixed feeling. An increase in age,10 and above years marriage duration, the type of decision maker for contraceptive use were found to increase the odds of women emotional fertility intention across the higher level categories by (AOR: 95% CI: 6.75 (3.11, 14.62) times higher among elder women aged 35 to 49 years, (AOR: 95% CI: 3.79 (1.72, 8.31) times higher for women with a 10 or more years of marriage duration; and 1.83 (1.03,3.24) times higher for women whose contraceptive use was decided by the health care provide alone. A higher birth order lowered the cumulative odds of womens´ emotional fertility intention symmetrically across the higher level categories by 86% (AOR: 95% CI: 0.14 (0.07, 0.29). Women who wanted to have additional child and whose nearest facility provided 5 or more methods had an increased odds of being in the higher level categories of women emotional fertility intention with disproportional association across the cumulative logit. Accordingly, women whose nearest health facility provided 5 or more methods had an 49% (AOR: 95%CI:1.49 (1.01, 2.19) increased likelihood of being in the mixed or happy category than being very/sort of unhappy category of the emotional fertility intention while the number of methods had no significant association with emotional fertility intention at higher cumulative logit: 1.34 (0.87,2.10). Those who wanted to have an additional child had a 3.16 (2.28, 4.36) higher odds to be in the mixed or happy category than being in unhappy category. Further, this tendency was even stronger at higher categories of emotional fertility intention: 4.83 (3.23, 7.23). Conclusion Nearly one in two women reported being unhappy while 17.03% felt mixed emotion calling up on intended and spaced pregnancies by ensuring women reproductive and economic empowerment to empower women to have control over their fertility. Activities and efforts that promote intended and spaced pregnancies; and diversifying access to contraceptive methods in the nearest health facilities are likely to improve women emotional fertility intention; and activities that enable women to decide their contraceptive as well. The finding that health care provider decides on women current/recent contraceptive use calls for activities to improve quality of contraceptive use counseling to enable women to decide their contraceptive use by the themselves while the access of diversified methods in the nearby health facility create an opportunity for women to obtain the method they preferred to use and make them emotionally well. These activities are hoped to enable women to plan their fertility thereby increasing their emotional well-being. These activities and interventions need to be tailored across regions and need to be age sensitive.
Published: 2024
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4. Coping strategies of stress and its associated factors among breast cancer patients in Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital, Ethiopia: Institution-based cross-sectional study

Author: Bethlehem Assefa Kelkil, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Negalign Getahun Dinegde, and Mulugeta Wassie
Subjects: Coping strategies, Stress, Breast cancer, Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Diagnosed with breast malignancy can be stressful, affecting several domains of life, affecting physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being that can lead to stress. To adapt to stress, the patient can use different coping methods. Therefore the objective of this research was to assess coping strategies for stress and its associated factors among breast cancer patients in Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital, Ethiopia. Methods and materials The institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 272 study participants attending Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital from February to April 2020. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Stata 4.2. Descriptive statistics was employed for data analysis and tables and figures were used to present the results. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variables that affected the outcome variables. Result Majority (45.8%) of the study participants were in the age range 40–54 years. About 51.1% [95% CI (45.1–57.2)] of breast cancer patients have positive coping strategies to stress in the current study. About 64% solve stress through the Confrontive strategy and more than 73% of participants solve their problems by distancing. In self-controlling coping mechanisms, most participants do positive coping strategies. Having social support and taking only chemotherapy increased positive coping strategy but being single and time since diagnosis (1–3 years) increased negative coping. Conclusions About 51% of breast cancer patients have a positive coping strategy. Since the majority of breast cancer patients in the current study experienced negative coping strategies, it is better to expand health education regarding stress coping strategies. In addition, it is better to link patients to clinical psychologists and organizations that aimed to social support to cancer patients.
Published: 2022
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5. Perceived quality of care for severe acute malnutrition management among caregivers of under-five children with severe acute malnutrition in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022: a mixed-method study

Author: Bulcha Guye Adema, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, and Feven Mulugeta Ashagre
Subjects: quality of care, severe acute malnutrition (SAM), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, moderate malnutrition, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: IntroductionAll the factors at the institutional, provider, and client levels have an impact on the quality of care. In low- and middle-income countries, poor quality of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) management at health institutions is a major contributor to child morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the perceived quality of care for SAM management among caregivers of under-five children.MethodsThis study was conducted in public health facilities that provide inpatient SAM management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An institution-based convergent mixed-method study design was implemented. Quantitative data were analyzed by using a logistic regression model, while thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data.ResultsA total of 181 caregivers and 15 healthcare providers were recruited. The overall perceived quality of care for SAM management was 55.80% (CI: 48.5–63.10). Urban residence (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16–0.66), college and above level education (AOR = 4.42, 95% CI: 1.41–13.86), working as a government employee (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.05–7.05), readmitted to the hospital (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23–0.94), and length of hospital stays >7 days (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.01–4.27) were found to be significantly associated factors with perceived low-quality care for SAM management. Additionally, lack of support and attention from higher levels of management, and lack of supplements, separate units, and laboratory facilities were among the factors that impede the provision of quality care.DiscussionPerceived quality of SAM management services was low against the national goal of quality improvement to meet the expectations of both internal and external clients. Rural residents, those with more educational qualifications, government employees, newly admitted patients, and patients who stayed longer in hospitals were the most unsatisfied groups. Improving support and logistic supply to health facilities, providing client-centered care, and responding to caregivers' demands may help to improve quality and satisfaction.
Published: 2023
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6. Dysphagia and its impact on the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients: institution-based cross-sectional study

Author: Tseganesh Asefa Yifru, Sezer Kisa, Negalign Getahun Dinegde, and Niguse Tadele Atnafu
Subjects: Dysphagia, Head and neck cancer, Impaired swallowing, MDADI, Quality of life, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Abstract Objective Impaired swallowing is a primary medical concern in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Swallowing therapy and supportive care to relieve swallowing problems among HNC patients are recommended. However, no data shows the effect of dysphagia on the quality of life (QoL) among Ethiopian patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess swallowing function and its impact on QoL. Results The sample included 102 HNC patients who visited oncology clinics at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Majority were male (53.90%), employed (70.6%), single (57.80%), and completed some level of formal education (66.60%) with a mean age of 42.58 years (SD ± 14.08). More than half of the patients (69.6%) medical expenses were covered by the government. Most were suffering from advanced stage HNC (59.80%), squamous cell carcinoma (62.70%), and the most prevalent tumor location was nasopharynx (40.20%). The mean MDADI score was 53.29 (SD ± 15.85). Being female, low income, suffering from laryngeal cancer, advanced tumor, and undergoing a single modality therapy were crucial determinants of poor QoL related to swallowing problems. It is recommended to assess swallowing related QoL of patients using a validated tool and be included in treatment protocols.
Published: 2021
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7. Dysphagia and its impact on the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients: institution-based cross-sectional study

Author: Sezer Kisa, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Negalign Getahun Dinegde, and Tseganesh Asefa Yifru
Subjects: Adult, Male, Impaired swallowing, Quality of life, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, lcsh:Medicine, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Swallowing, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Head and neck cancer, lcsh:Science (General), Medical expenses, lcsh:QH301-705.5, business.industry, lcsh:R, Cancer, General Medicine, Dysphagia, medicine.disease, MDADI, Deglutition, Research Note, Cross-Sectional Studies, lcsh:Biology (General), Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Swallowing problems, Female, medicine.symptom, Deglutition Disorders, business, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: Objective Impaired swallowing is a primary medical concern in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Swallowing therapy and supportive care to relieve swallowing problems among HNC patients are recommended. However, no data shows the effect of dysphagia on the quality of life (QoL) among Ethiopian patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess swallowing function and its impact on QoL. Results The sample included 102 HNC patients who visited oncology clinics at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Majority were male (53.90%), employed (70.6%), single (57.80%), and completed some level of formal education (66.60%) with a mean age of 42.58 years (SD ± 14.08). More than half of the patients (69.6%) medical expenses were covered by the government. Most were suffering from advanced stage HNC (59.80%), squamous cell carcinoma (62.70%), and the most prevalent tumor location was nasopharynx (40.20%). The mean MDADI score was 53.29 (SD ± 15.85). Being female, low income, suffering from laryngeal cancer, advanced tumor, and undergoing a single modality therapy were crucial determinants of poor QoL related to swallowing problems. It is recommended to assess swallowing related QoL of patients using a validated tool and be included in treatment protocols.
Published: 2021

8. Determinants of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Adult Patients with Diabetes Attending the Diabetic Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study

Author: Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Tesfay Gebreslassie Gebrehiwot, Hailu Belay Yigzaw, Haftamu Mamo Hagezom, Haftom Tesfay Gebremedhin, Milete Gebrehiwot Hagos, Alem Gebremariam, Hagos Mehari Mezgebo, Yosief Tsige Radie, Getahun Tarekegn Wolde, Guesh Teklu Woldemariam, Teklehaimanot Tesfay Gebreagziabher, and Yared Haileselassie Teka
Subjects: Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Case-control study, determinants, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetic foot ulcer, Peripheral neuropathy, Statistical significance, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Ethiopia, business, diabetic foot ulcer, Original Research
Abstract: Background Diabetic foot ulcer is among the commonest complications of diabetic mellitus attributed to a number of morbidity and mortality cases in diabetic patients. Nowadays, the incidence of diabetic foot ulcer is increasing due to the increased prevalence of diabetes. However, the risk factors of the problem are less studied in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the determinants of diabetic foot ulcer among adult patients with diabetes attending a diabetic clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2019. Patients and Methods An institution-based unmatched case–control study was conducted on 161 patients with diabetes (53 patients with diabetes with foot ulcer and 108 patients with diabetes without foot ulcer). Cases were selected from patients with diabetes with foot ulcer by consecutive sampling technique and controls from patients with diabetes without diabetic foot ulcer by systematic random sampling technique. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between the dependent and independent variables. All variables with a P-value
Published: 2020
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9. Dysphagia and Its Impact on Quality of Life of Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Institution Based Cross sectional Study

Author: Tseganesh Asefa Yifru, Sezer Kisa, Negalegn Getahun Dinegde, and Niguse Tadele Atnafu
Subjects: otorhinolaryngologic diseases
Abstract: Objective: Assessing swallowing function using symptom-specific questionnaires on head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and supporting impaired swallowing to improve quality of life (QoL) of patients is recommended in different studies. However, there is no data that shows the effect of dysphagia on quality of life of Ethiopian patients. Hence, this study assessed the effect of dysphagia on quality of life domains of the MD Anderson Dysphagia inventory (MDADI) among head and neck cancer patients.Results: The study sample consisted of mostly male (53.90%), employed (70.6%), single (57.80 %) and completed some level of formal education (66.60 %) with mean age of 42.58 years (SD ± 14.08 years) and medical expense for about 69.6% of patients was covered by the government. Most of the patients were suffering from advanced stage HNC (59.80%) and squamous cell carcinoma (62.70%) and the most prevalent tumor location was nasal cavity/ nasopharyngeal carcinoma (40.20%). The mean MDADI composite score was 53.29 (SD± 15.85). Being female, low income, suffering from laryngeal/ hypo pharyngeal cancer, suffering from advanced tumor and those undergoing a single modality therapy were key determinants of poor QoL related to swallowing problems in HNC patients.
Published: 2020
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10. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Vos, Theo, Amanuel, Alemu, Abajobir, Cristiana, Abbafati, Kaja, M, Abbas, Kalkidan, Hassen, Abate, Foad, Abd Allah, Abdishakur, M, Abdulle, Teshome, Abuka, Abebo, Semaw, Ferede, Abera, Victor, Aboyans, Laith, J, Abu, Raddad, Ilana, N, Ackerman, Abdu, Abdullahi, Adamu, Olatunji, Adetokunboh, Mohsen, Afarideh, Ashkan, Afshin, Sanjay, Kumar, Agarwal, Rakesh, Aggarwal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Aliasghar, Ahmad, Kiadaliri, Hamid, Ahmadieh, Muktar, Beshir, Ahmed, Amani, Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud, Taki, Eddine, Aichour, Sneha, Aiyar, Rufus, Olusola, Akinyemi, Nadia, Akseer, Faris, Hasan, Lami, Al, Fares, Alahdab, Ziyad, Al Aly, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alam, Deena, Alasfoor, Kefyalew, Addis, Alene, Raghib, Ali, Reza, Alizadeh Navaei, Ala’A, Alkerwi, François, Alla, Peter, Allebeck, Christine, Allen, Fatma, Al Maskari, Rajaa, Al Raddadi, Ubai, Alsharif, Shirina, Alsowaidi, Khalid, A, Altirkawi, Azmeraw, Amare, T, Erfan, Amini, Walid, Ammar, Yaw, Ampem, Amoako, Hjalte, Andersen, H, Carl, Abelardo, Antonio, T, Palwasha, Anwari, Johan, Ärnlöv, Artaman, Al, Krishna, Kumar, Aryal, Hamid, Asayesh, Solomon, W, Asgedom, Reza, Assadi, Tesfay, Mehari, Atey, Niguse, Tadele, Atnafu, Sachin, R, Atre, Leticia, Avila Burgos, Euripide, Frinel, Arthur, G, Avokpaho, Ashish, Awasthi, Beatriz, Paulina, Ayala, Quintanilla, Huda, Omer, Saleem, Ba, Umar, Bacha, Alaa, Badawi, Kalpana, Balakrishnan, Amitava, Banerjee, Marlena, S, Bannick, Aleksandra, Barac, Ryan, M, Barber, Suzanne, L, Barker, Collo, Till, Bärnighausen, Simon, Barquera, Lars, Barregard, Lope, H, Barrero, Sanjay, Basu, Bob, Battista, Katherine, E, Battle, Bernhard, Baune, T, Shahrzad, Bazargan Hejazi, Justin, Beardsley, Neeraj, Bedi, Ettore, Beghi, Yannick, Béjot, Bayu, Begashaw, Bekele, Michelle, Bell, L, Derrick, A, Bennett, Isabela, Bensenor, M, Jennifer, Benson, Adugnaw, Berhane, Derbew, Fikadu, Berhe, Eduardo, Bernabé, Balem, Demtsu, Betsu, Mircea, Beuran, Addisu, Shunu, Beyene, Neeraj, Bhala, Anil, Bhansali, Samir, Bhatt, Zulfiqar, A, Bhutta, Sibhatu, Biadgilign, Kelly, Bienhoff, Boris, Bikbov, Charles, Birungi, Stan, Biryukov, Donal, Bisanzio, Habtamu, Mellie, Bizuayehu, Dube, Jara, Boneya, Soufiane, Boufous, Rupert, R, Bourne, A, Alexandra, Brazinova, Traolach, S, Brugha, Rachelle, Buchbinder, Lemma, Negesa, Bulto, Bulto, Blair, R, Bumgarner, Zahid, Butt, A, Lucero, Cahuana Hurtado, Ewan, Cameron, Mate, Car, Hélène, Carabin, Jonathan, R, Carapetis, Rosario, Cárdenas, David, O, Carpenter, Juan, Jesus, Carrero, Austin, Carter, Felix, Carvalho, Daniel, C, Casey, Valeria, Caso, Carlos, A, Castañeda, Orjuela, Chris, D, Castle, Ferrán, Catalá López, Hsing Yi, Chang, Jung Chen, Chang, Fiona, J, Charlson, Honglei, Chen, Mirriam, Chibalabala, Chioma, Ezinne, Chibueze, Vesper, Hichilombwe, Chisumpa, Abdulaal, A, Chitheer, Devasahayam, Jesudas, Christopher, Liliana, G, Ciobanu, Cirillo, Massimo, Vos, Theo, Amanuel, Alemu, Abajobir, Cristiana, Abbafati, Kaja, M, Abbas, Kalkidan, Hassen, Abate, Foad, Abd Allah, Abdishakur, M, Abdulle, Teshome, Abuka, Abebo, Semaw, Ferede, Abera, Victor, Aboyan, Laith, J, Abu, Raddad, Ilana, N, Ackerman, Abdu, Abdullahi, Adamu, Olatunji, Adetokunboh, Mohsen, Afarideh, Ashkan, Afshin, Sanjay, Kumar, Agarwal, Rakesh, Aggarwal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Aliasghar, Ahmad, Kiadaliri, Hamid, Ahmadieh, Muktar, Beshir, Ahmed, Amani, Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud, Taki, Eddine, Aichour, Sneha, Aiyar, Rufus, Olusola, Akinyemi, Nadia, Akseer, Faris, Hasan, Al, Lami, Fares, Alahdab, Ziyad, Al Aly, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alam, Deena, Alasfoor, Kefyalew, Addi, Alene, Raghib, Ali, Reza, Alizadeh Navaei, Ala’A, Alkerwi, François, Alla, Peter, Allebeck, Christine, Allen, Fatma, Al Maskari, Rajaa, Al Raddadi, Ubai, Alsharif, Shirina, Alsowaidi, Khalid, A, Altirkawi, Azmeraw, T, Amare, Erfan, Amini, Walid, Ammar, Yaw, Ampem, Amoako, Hjalte, H, Andersen, Carl, Abelardo, T, Antonio, Palwasha, Anwari, Johan, Ärnlöv, Al, Artaman, Krishna, Kumar, Aryal, Hamid, Asayesh, Solomon, W, Asgedom, Reza, Assadi, Tesfay, Mehari, Atey, Niguse, Tadele, Atnafu, Sachin, R, Atre, Leticia, Avila Burgo, Euripide, Frinel, G, Arthur, Avokpaho, Ashish, Awasthi, Beatriz, Paulina, Ayala, Quintanilla, Huda, Omer, Ba, Saleem, Umar, Bacha, Alaa, Badawi, Kalpana, Balakrishnan, Amitava, Banerjee, Marlena, S, Bannick, Aleksandra, Barac, Ryan, M, Barber, Suzanne, L, Barker, Collo, Till, Bärnighausen, Simon, Barquera, Lars, Barregard, Lope, H, Barrero, Sanjay, Basu, Bob, Battista, Katherine, E, Battle, Bernhard, T, Baune, Shahrzad, Bazargan Hejazi, Justin, Beardsley, Neeraj, Bedi, Ettore, Beghi, Yannick, Béjot, Bayu, Begashaw, Bekele, Michelle, L, Bell, Derrick, A, Bennett, Isabela, M, Bensenor, Jennifer, Benson, Adugnaw, Berhane, Derbew, Fikadu, Berhe, Eduardo, Bernabé, Balem, Demtsu, Betsu, Mircea, Beuran, Addisu, Shunu, Beyene, Neeraj, Bhala, Anil, Bhansali, Samir, Bhatt, Zulfiqar, A, Bhutta, Sibhatu, Biadgilign, Kelly, Bienhoff, Boris, Bikbov, Charles, Birungi, Stan, Biryukov, Donal, Bisanzio, Habtamu, Mellie, Bizuayehu, Dube, Jara, Boneya, Soufiane, Boufou, Rupert, R, A, Bourne, Alexandra, Brazinova, Traolach, S, Brugha, Rachelle, Buchbinder, Lemma, Negesa, Bulto, Bulto, Blair, R, Bumgarner, Zahid, A, Butt, Lucero, Cahuana Hurtado, Ewan, Cameron, Mate, Car, Hélène, Carabin, Jonathan, R, Carapetis, Rosario, Cárdena, David, O, Carpenter, Juan, Jesus, Carrero, Austin, Carter, Felix, Carvalho, Daniel, C, Casey, Valeria, Caso, Carlos, A, Castañeda, Orjuela, Chris, D, Castle, Ferrán, Catalá López, Hsing Yi, Chang, Jung Chen, Chang, Fiona, J, Charlson, Honglei, Chen, Mirriam, Chibalabala, Chioma, Ezinne, Chibueze, Vesper, Hichilombwe, Chisumpa, Abdulaal, A, Chitheer, Devasahayam, Jesudas, Christopher, Liliana, G, Ciobanu, and Cirillo, Massimo
Subjects: GBD, GBD, years lived with disability, years lived with disability
Abstract: As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. METHODS: We estimated prevalence and incidence for 328 diseases and injuries and 2982 sequelae, their non-fatal consequences. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death rates for each condition. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies if incidence or prevalence needed to be derived from other data. YLDs were estimated as the product of prevalence and a disability weight for all mutually exclusive sequelae, corrected for comorbidity and aggregated to cause level. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. GBD 2016 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). FINDINGS: Globally, low back pain, migraine, age-related and other hearing loss, iron-deficiency anaemia, and major depressive disorder were the five leading causes of YLDs in 2016, contributing 57·6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 40·8-75·9 million [7·2%, 6·0-8·3]), 45·1 million (29·0-62·8 million [5·6%, 4·0-7·2]), 36·3 million (25·3-50·9 million [4·5%, 3·8-5·3]), 34·7 million (23·0-49·6 million [4·3%, 3·5-5·2]), and 34·1 million (23·5-46·0 million [4·2%, 3·2-5·3]) of total YLDs, respectively. Age-standardised rates of YLDs for all causes combined decreased between 1990 and 2016 by 2·7% (95% UI 2·3-3·1). Despite mostly stagnant age-standardised rates, the absolute number of YLDs from non-communicable diseases has been growing rapidly across all SDI quintiles, partly because of population growth, but also the ageing of populations. The largest absolute increases in total numbers of YLDs globally were between the ages of 40 and 69 years. Age-standardised YLD rates for all conditions combined were 10·4% (95% UI 9·0-11·8) higher in women than in men. Iron-deficiency anaemia, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, major depressive disorder, anxiety, and all musculoskeletal disorders apart from gout were the main conditions contributing to higher YLD rates in women. Men had higher age-standardised rates of substance use disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and all injuries apart from sexual violence. Globally, we noted much less geographical variation in disability than has been documented for premature mortality. In 2016, there was a less than two times difference in age-standardised YLD rates for all causes between the location with the lowest rate (China, 9201 YLDs per 100 000, 95% UI 6862-11943) and highest rate (Yemen, 14 774 YLDs per 100 000, 11 018-19 228). INTERPRETATION: The decrease in death rates since 1990 for most causes has not been matched by a similar decline in age-standardised YLD rates. For many large causes, YLD rates have either been stagnant or have increased for some causes, such as diabetes. As populations are ageing, and the prevalence of disabling disease generally increases steeply with age, health systems will face increasing demand for services that are generally costlier than the interventions that have led to declines in mortality in childhood or for the major causes of mortality in adults. Up-to-date information about the trends of disease and how this varies between countries is essential to plan for an adequate health-system response.
Published: 2017

11. The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Among US States, 1990-2016

Author: Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Collaboration, Roth, Gregory A, Johnson, Catherine O, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Ahmed, Muktar, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ansari, Hossein, Ärnlöv, Johan, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Awasthi, Ashish, Awoke, Tadesse, Barac, Aleksandra, Bärnighausen, Till, Bedi, Neeraj, Bennett, Derrick, Bensenor, Isabela, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Davletov, Kairat, Dharmaratne, Samath, Ding, Eric L, Dubey, Manisha, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha, Farvid, Maryam S, Feigin, Valery, Fernandes, João, Frostad, Joseph, Gebru, Alemseged, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gona, Philimon Nyakauru, Griswold, Max, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hankey, Graeme J, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon, Heckbert, Susan R, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, James, Spencer Lewis, Jara, Dube, Kasaeian, Amir, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kolte, Dhaval, Lal, Dharmesh, Larsson, Anders, Linn, Shai, Lotufo, Paulo A, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Mazidi, Mohsen, Meier, Toni, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moran, Andrew Edward, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Owolabi, Mayowa, Pletcher, Martin, Pourmalek, Farshad, Purcell, Caroline A, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Renzaho, Andre MN, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A, Sartorius, Benn, Sepanlou, Sadaf Ghajarieh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Silva, Diego, Stranges, Saverio, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadele Atnafu, Niguse, Thakur, JS, Topor-Madry, Roman, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vasankari, Tommi, Vlassov, Vasiliy, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wakayo, Tolassa, Weintraub, Robert, Wolfe, Charles, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zipkin, Ben, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S, Mokdad, Ali H, Naghavi, Mohsen, Vos, Theo, and Murray, Christopher JL
Abstract: Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, but regional variation within the United States is large. Comparable and consistent state-level measures of total CVD burden and risk factors have not been produced previously. Objective: To quantify and describe levels and trends of lost health due to CVD within the United States from 1990 to 2016 as well as risk factors driving these changes. Design, Setting, and Participants: Using the Global Burden of Disease methodology, cardiovascular disease mortality, nonfatal health outcomes, and associated risk factors were analyzed by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2016 for all residents in the United States using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling. Burden of disease was estimated for 10 groupings of CVD, and comparative risk analysis was performed. Data were analyzed from August 2016 to July 2017. Exposures: Residing in the United States. Main Outcomes and Measures: Cardiovascular disease disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results: Between 1990 and 2016, age-standardized CVD DALYs for all states decreased. Several states had large rises in their relative rank ordering for total CVD DALYs among states, including Arkansas, Oklahoma, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, Indiana, Kansas, Alaska, and Iowa. The rate of decline varied widely across states, and CVD burden increased for a small number of states in the most recent years. Cardiovascular disease DALYs remained twice as large among men compared with women. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD DALYs in all states, but the second most common varied by state. Trends were driven by 12 groups of risk factors, with the largest attributable CVD burden due to dietary risk exposures followed by high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high total cholesterol level, high fasting plasma glucose level, tobacco smoking, and low levels of physical activity. Increases in risk-deleted CVD DALY rates between 2006 and 2016 in 16 states suggest additional unmeasured risks beyond these traditional factors. Conclusions and Relevance: Large disparities in total burden of CVD persist between US states despite marked improvements in CVD burden. Differences in CVD burden are largely attributable to modifiable risk exposures.
Published: 2018

12. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015

Author: Roth, Gregory A, Johnson, Catherine, Abajobir, Amanuel, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abyu, Gebre, Ahmed, Muktar, Aksut, Baran, Alam, Tahiya, Alam, Khurshid, Alla, François, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amrock, Stephen, Ansari, Hossein, Ärnlöv, Johan, Asayesh, Hamid, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awasthi, Ashish, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Bärnighausen, Till, Barregard, Lars, Bedi, Neeraj, Belay Ketema, Ezra, Bennett, Derrick, Berhe, Gebremedhin, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Bitew, Shimelash, Carapetis, Jonathan, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos Andres, Castillo-Rivas, Jacqueline, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Choi, Jee-Young, Christensen, Hanne, Cirillo, Massimo, Cooper, Leslie, Criqui, Michael, Cundiff, David, Damasceno, Albertino, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Davletov, Kairat, Dharmaratne, Samath, Dorairaj, Prabhakaran, Dubey, Manisha, Ehrenkranz, Rebecca, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Esteghamati, Alireza, Farid, Talha, Farvid, Maryam, Feigin, Valery, Ding, Eric L, Fowkes, Gerry, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye, Gillum, Richard, Gold, Audra, Gona, Philimon, Gupta, Rajeev, Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Tesfaye, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hankey, Graeme, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I, Horino, Masako, Hotez, Peter J, Jacobsen, Kathryn, James, Spencer, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Khader, Yousef, Khan, Abdur, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Larsson, Anders, Linn, Shai, Lopez, Alan, Lotufo, Paulo A, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mazidi, Mohsen, Meier, Toni, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Mensah, George, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay, Miller, Ted, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moran, Andrew E, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Narula, Jagat, Neal, Bruce, Ngalesoni, Frida, Nguyen, Grant, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Owolabi, Mayowa, Patton, George, Pedro, João, Qato, Dima, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rahimi, Kazem, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rawaf, Salman, Ribeiro, Antônio, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A, Santos, Itamar, Santric Milicevic, Milena, Sartorius, Benn, Schutte, Aletta, Sepanlou, Sadaf, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shishehbor, Mehdi, Shore, Hirbo, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Sobngwi, Eugene, Stranges, Saverio, Swaminathan, Soumya, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadele Atnafu, Niguse, Tesfay, Fisaha, Thakur, JS, Thrift, Amanda, Topor-Madry, Roman, Truelsen, Thomas, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uthman, Olalekan, Vasankari, Tommi, Vlassov, Vasiliy, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wakayo, Tolassa, Watkins, David, Weintraub, Robert, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xu, Gelin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Vos, Theo, Naghavi, Mohsen, and Murray, Christopher
Subjects: Adult, Male, global health, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Middle Aged, Global Health, Risk Assessment, Survival Rate, cause of death, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, Prevalence, Humans, epidemiology, Female, Prospective Studies, Morbidity, Sex Distribution, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world. OBJECTIVES: The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden. METHODS: CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. RESULTS: In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75. CONCLUSIONS: CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.
Published: 2017

13. The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Among US States, 1990-2016

Author: Roth, Gregory A, Johnson, Catherine O, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Ahmed, Muktar, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ansari, Hossein, Ärnlöv, Johan, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Awasthi, Ashish, Awoke, Tadesse, Barac, Aleksandra, Bärnighausen, Till, Bedi, Neeraj, Bennett, Derrick, Bensenor, Isabela, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Davletov, Kairat, Dharmaratne, Samath, Ding, Eric L, Dubey, Manisha, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha, Farvid, Maryam S, Feigin, Valery, Fernandes, João, Frostad, Joseph, Gebru, Alemseged, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gona, Philimon Nyakauru, Griswold, Max, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hankey, Graeme J, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon, Heckbert, Susan R, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, James, Spencer Lewis, Jara, Dube, Kasaeian, Amir, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kolte, Dhaval, Lal, Dharmesh, Larsson, Anders, Linn, Shai, Lotufo, Paulo A, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Mazidi, Mohsen, Meier, Toni, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moran, Andrew Edward, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Owolabi, Mayowa, Pletcher, Martin, Pourmalek, Farshad, Purcell, Caroline A, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A, Sartorius, Benn, Sepanlou, Sadaf Ghajarieh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Silva, Diego, Stranges, Saverio, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadele Atnafu, Niguse, Thakur, J S, Topor-Madry, Roman, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vasankari, Tommi, Vlassov, Vasiliy, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wakayo, Tolassa, Weintraub, Robert, Wolfe, Charles, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zipkin, Ben, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S, Mokdad, Ali H, Naghavi, Mohsen, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J L, Roth, Gregory A, Johnson, Catherine O, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Ahmed, Muktar, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ansari, Hossein, Ärnlöv, Johan, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Awasthi, Ashish, Awoke, Tadesse, Barac, Aleksandra, Bärnighausen, Till, Bedi, Neeraj, Bennett, Derrick, Bensenor, Isabela, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Davletov, Kairat, Dharmaratne, Samath, Ding, Eric L, Dubey, Manisha, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha, Farvid, Maryam S, Feigin, Valery, Fernandes, João, Frostad, Joseph, Gebru, Alemseged, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gona, Philimon Nyakauru, Griswold, Max, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hankey, Graeme J, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon, Heckbert, Susan R, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, James, Spencer Lewis, Jara, Dube, Kasaeian, Amir, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kolte, Dhaval, Lal, Dharmesh, Larsson, Anders, Linn, Shai, Lotufo, Paulo A, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Mazidi, Mohsen, Meier, Toni, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moran, Andrew Edward, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Owolabi, Mayowa, Pletcher, Martin, Pourmalek, Farshad, Purcell, Caroline A, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A, Sartorius, Benn, Sepanlou, Sadaf Ghajarieh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Silva, Diego, Stranges, Saverio, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadele Atnafu, Niguse, Thakur, J S, Topor-Madry, Roman, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vasankari, Tommi, Vlassov, Vasiliy, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wakayo, Tolassa, Weintraub, Robert, Wolfe, Charles, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zipkin, Ben, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S, Mokdad, Ali H, Naghavi, Mohsen, Vos, Theo, and Murray, Christopher J L
Abstract: Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, but regional variation within the United States is large. Comparable and consistent state-level measures of total CVD burden and risk factors have not been produced previously. Objective: To quantify and describe levels and trends of lost health due to CVD within the United States from 1990 to 2016 as well as risk factors driving these changes. Design, Setting, and Participants: Using the Global Burden of Disease methodology, cardiovascular disease mortality, nonfatal health outcomes, and associated risk factors were analyzed by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2016 for all residents in the United States using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling. Burden of disease was estimated for 10 groupings of CVD, and comparative risk analysis was performed. Data were analyzed from August 2016 to July 2017. Exposures: Residing in the United States. Main Outcomes and Measures: Cardiovascular disease disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results: Between 1990 and 2016, age-standardized CVD DALYs for all states decreased. Several states had large rises in their relative rank ordering for total CVD DALYs among states, including Arkansas, Oklahoma, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, Indiana, Kansas, Alaska, and Iowa. The rate of decline varied widely across states, and CVD burden increased for a small number of states in the most recent years. Cardiovascular disease DALYs remained twice as large among men compared with women. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD DALYs in all states, but the second most common varied by state. Trends were driven by 12 groups of risk factors, with the largest attributable CVD burden due to dietary risk exposures followed by high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high total cholesterol level, high fasting plasma glucose level, tobacco smoking, and low levels of physical activity. Increases in risk-de
Published: 2018
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14. The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Among US States, 1990-2016

Author: Roth, Gregory A., Johnson, Catherine O., Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Ahmed, Muktar, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ansari, Hossein, Ärnlöv, Johan, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Awasthi, Ashish, Awoke, Tadesse, Barac, Aleksandra, Bärnighausen, Till, Bedi, Neeraj, Bennett, Derrick, Bensenor, Isabela, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Davletov, Kairat, Dharmaratne, Samath, Ding, Eric L., Dubey, Manisha, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha, Farvid, Maryam S., Feigin, Valery, Fernandes, João, Frostad, Joseph, Gebru, Alemseged, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gona, Philimon Nyakauru, Griswold, Max, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hankey, Graeme J., Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon, Heckbert, Susan R., Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, James, Spencer Lewis, Jara, Dube, Kasaeian, Amir, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah T., Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kolte, Dhaval, Lal, Dharmesh, Larsson, Anders, Linn, Shai, Lotufo, Paulo A., Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Mazidi, Mohsen, Meier, Toni, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moran, Andrew Edward, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Owolabi, Mayowa, Pletcher, Martin, Pourmalek, Farshad, Purcell, Caroline A., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A., Sartorius, Benn, Sepanlou, Sadaf Ghajarieh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Silva, Diego, Stranges, Saverio, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadele Atnafu, Niguse, Thakur, J. S., Topor-Madry, Roman, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuzcu, E. Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vasankari, Tommi, Vlassov, Vasiliy, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wakayo, Tolassa, Weintraub, Robert, Wolfe, Charles, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zipkin, Ben, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Vos, Theo, and Murray, Christopher J. L.
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, but regional variation within the United States is large. Comparable and consistent state-level measures of total CVD burden and risk factors have not been produced previously. OBJECTIVE: To quantify and describe levels and trends of lost health due to CVD within the United States from 1990 to 2016 as well as risk factors driving these changes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Using the Global Burden of Disease methodology, cardiovascular disease mortality, nonfatal health outcomes, and associated risk factors were analyzed by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2016 for all residents in the United States using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling. Burden of disease was estimated for 10 groupings of CVD, and comparative risk analysis was performed. Data were analyzed from August 2016 to July 2017. EXPOSURES: Residing in the United States. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cardiovascular disease disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2016, age-standardized CVD DALYs for all states decreased. Several states had large rises in their relative rank ordering for total CVD DALYs among states, including Arkansas, Oklahoma, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, Indiana, Kansas, Alaska, and Iowa. The rate of decline varied widely across states, and CVD burden increased for a small number of states in the most recent years. Cardiovascular disease DALYs remained twice as large among men compared with women. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD DALYs in all states, but the second most common varied by state. Trends were driven by 12 groups of risk factors, with the largest attributable CVD burden due to dietary risk exposures followed by high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high total cholesterol level, high fasting plasma glucose level, tobacco smoking, and low levels of physical activity. Increases in risk-deleted CVD DALY rates between 2006 and 2016 in 16 states suggest additional unmeasured risks beyond these traditional factors. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Large disparities in total burden of CVD persist between US states despite marked improvements in CVD burden. Differences in CVD burden are largely attributable to modifiable risk exposures.
Published: 2018
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15. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adedeji, Isaac A, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aiyar, Sneha, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Raghib, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkaabi, Juma M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Maskari, Fatma, AlMazroa, Mohammad AbdulAziz, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Alsowaidi, Shirina, Althouse, Benjamin M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asgedom, Solomon W, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atnafu, Niguse Tadele, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Awasthi, Shally, Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza, Azzopardi, Peter, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bannick, Marlena S, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Battista, Robert, Battle, Katherine E, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benson, Jennifer, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bicer, Burcu 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Johnson, C, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kamal, R, Kar, C, Karam, N, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, S, Karimkhani, C, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, G, Kassaw, N, Kassebaum, N, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Keiyoro, P, Kemmer, L, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Kesavachandran, C, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Khoja, A, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kiadaliri, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kim, D, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kissoon, N, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, A, Kokubo, Y, Kolte, D, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Kotsakis, G, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, K, Kumar, G, Kumar, P, Kyu, H, Lager, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lambert, N, Lan, Q, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Leasher, J, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leshargie, C, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liben, M, Lim, S, Linn, S, Liu, P, Liu, A, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Looker, K, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lucas, T, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, R, Macarayan, E, Maddison, E, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Mahdavi, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manguerra, H, Manhertz, T, Mantovani, L, Mapoma, C, March, L, Marczak, L, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins, P, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, März, W, Mathur, M, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgaughey, M, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Meier, T, Meles, K, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, M, Mengistie, M, Mengistu, D, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mezgebe, H, Micha, R, Millear, A, Miller, T, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mishra, S, Mitchell, P, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, K, Mohammed, S, Mohan, M, Mokdad, A, Mollenkopf, S, Monasta, L, Montañez Hernandez, J, Montico, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Morrison, S, Moses, M, Mountjoy-Venning, C, Mruts, K, Mueller, U, Muller, K, Murdoch, M, Murray, C, Murthy, G, Murthy, S, Musa, K, Nachega, J, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naidoo, K, Nangia, V, Nasher, J, Natarajan, G, Negasa, D, Negoi, R, Negoi, I, Newton, C, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, T, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, M, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nong, V, Norheim, O, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nyandwi, A, Obermeyer, C, O'Donnell, M, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olsen, H, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Ong, K, Opio, J, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osborne, R, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Osman, M, Ota, E, Owolabi, M, Pa, M, Pacella, R, Panda, B, Pandian, J, Papachristou, C, Park, E, Parry, C, Parsaeian, M, Patil, S, Patten, S, Patton, G, Paudel, D, Paulson, K, Pearce, N, Pereira, D, Perez, K, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, C, Petri, W, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Phipps, G, Pigott, D, Pillay, J, Pinho, C, Piradov, M, Plass, D, Pletcher, M, Popova, S, Poulton, R, Pourmalek, F, Prabhakaran, D, Prasad, N, Purcell, C, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Quintanilla, B, Rabiee, R, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Ranabhat, C, Rangaswamy, T, Rankin, Z, Rao, P, Rawaf, S, Ray, S, Reiner, R, Reinig, N, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Ribeiro, A, Rivas, J, Roba, H, Robinson, S, Rojas-Rueda, D, Rokni, M, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, G, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Rubagotti, E, Ruhago, G, Saadat, S, Safdarian, M, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahathevan, R, Sahraian, M, Salama, J, Saleh, M, Salomon, J, Salvi, S, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanchez-Niño, M, Santomauro, D, Santos, J, Santos, I, Santric Milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Schelonka, K, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schöttker, B, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shamsipour, M, Sharma, R, Sharma, J, She, J, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shields, C, Shifa, G, Shiferaw, M, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shirude, S, Shishani, K, Shoman, H, Siabani, S, Sibai, A, Sigfusdottir, I, Silberberg, D, Silva, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Singh, J, Singh, O, Singh, N, Singh, V, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Slepak, E, Smith, D, Smith, M, Sobaih, B, Sobngwi, E, Soljak, M, Sorensen, R, Sousa, T, Sposato, L, Sreeramareddy, C, Srinivasan, V, Stanaway, J, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Stein, D, Steiner, C, Steinke, S, Stokes, M, Stovner, L, Strub, B, Subart, M, Sufiyan, M, Sunguya, B, Sur, P, Swaminathan, S, Sykes, B, Sylte, D, Szoeke, C, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tadakamadla, S, Taffere, G, Takala, J, Tandon, N, Tanne, D, Tarekegn, Y, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Taylor, H, Tegegne, T, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekelab, T, Terkawi, A, Tesfaye, D, Tesssema, B, Thakur, J, Thamsuwan, O, Theadom, A, Theis, A, Thomas, K, Thomas, N, Thompson, R, Thrift, A, Tobe-Gai, R, Tobollik, M, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Tortajada, M, Touvier, M, Traebert, J, Tran, B, Troeger, C, Truelsen, T, Tsoi, D, Tuzcu, E, Tymeson, H, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, K, Undurraga, E, Uneke, C, Updike, R, Uthman, O, Uzochukwu, B, van Boven, J, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Veerman, L, Venkatesh, S, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidavalur, R, Vijayakumar, L, Violante, F, Vishnu, A, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Wadilo, F, Wakayo, T, Wallin, M, Wang, Y, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, R, Weiss, D, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Whiteford, H, Wijeratne, T, Williams, H, Wiysonge, C, Woldeyes, B, Wolfe, C, Woodbrook, R, Woolf, A, Workicho, A, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yadgir, S, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yan, L, Yano, Y, Ye, P, Yihdego, M, Yimam, H, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Younis, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, M, Zegeye, E, Zenebe, Z, Zhang, X, Zheng, Y, Zhou, M, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Zoeckler, L, Zuhlke, L, Brayne, Carol [0000-0001-5307-663X], Chowdhury, Rajiv [0000-0003-4881-5690], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Male, Dánarmein, AUSTRALIA, GBD, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), Heilsufar, Lífslíkur, Epidemiology, Life expectancy, Diseases, Global Health, THERAPY, Global Burden of Disease, Residence Characteristics, Fullorðnir, Cause of Death, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Konur, Aged, 80 and over, Tölfræði, PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM, Aldraðir, Sjúkdómar, Medicine (all), Fatlaðir, Men, Þjóðir, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, ASSOCIATION, Middle Aged, Health policy, PREVALENCE, Sálfræði, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), Female, Lýðheilsa, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Global Health Metrics, Adult, AFRICA, Quality of life, People with disabilities, GBD, WEIGHTS, Social ecology, Lífsgæði, Communicable Diseases, World health/statistics, Age Distribution, Life Expectancy, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Heilbrigðisstefna, Humans, Adults, Disabled Persons, Women, Sex Distribution, Mortality, Noncommunicable Diseases, Aged, Science & Technology, Faraldsfræði, MORTALITY, Wounds and injuries, EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION, HIV, Áverkar, Karlar, Wounds and Injuries, Félagshagfræði, Older people
Abstract: Correction in: LANCET Volume: 390 Issue: 10106 Pages: E38-E38 Published: OCT 28 2017, Background Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75.2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71.9-78.6) for females and 72.0 years (68.8-75.1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45.6 years [42.0-49.5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41.5 years [39.0-44.0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6.24 years (5.97-6.48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6.04 years (5.74-6.27) for males and 6.49 years (6.08-6.77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1.78 years (1.61-1.93) for males and 1.96 years (1.69-2.13) for females. Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2016 (-2.3% [-5.9 to 0.9]), with decreases in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disease DALYs offset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The exemplars, calculated as the five lowest ratios of observed to expected age-standardised DALY rates in 2016, were Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Maldives, Peru, and Israel. The leading three causes of DALYs globally were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections, comprising 16.1% of all DALYs. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most CMNN causes decreased from 1990 to 2016. Conversely, the total DALY burden rose for most NCDs; however, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined globally. Interpretation At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements. At the same time, we observe that many populations are facing growing functional health loss. Rising SDI was associated with increases in cumulative years of life lived with disability and decreases in CMNN DALYs offset by increased NCD DALYs. Relative compression of morbidity highlights the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning. The analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework with which to benchmark location-specific health performance. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform health policies, health system improvement initiatives, targeted prevention efforts, and development assistance for health, including financial and research investments for all countries, regardless of their level of sociodemographic development. The presence of countries that substantially outperform others suggests the need for increased scrutiny for proven examples of best practices, which can help to extend gains, whereas the presence of underperforming countries suggests the need for devotion of extra attention to health systems that need more robust support., Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Published: 2017

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15 results on '"Tadele, Atnafu"'

1. Partner conflict during their index pregnancy and its correlates among a cohort of six weeks postpartum women in Ethiopia

2. Intimate Partner Violence during the Index Pregnancy and its correlates among a panel of pregnant women in Ethiopia, evidence from performance, and monitoring for action (PMA) 2021 cohort two baseline survey

3. Emotional Fertility Intention and its correlates in Ethiopia among married contraceptive user women: using linked community and health facility data from performance monitoring for action; a generalized ordered logistics regression modeling

4. Coping strategies of stress and its associated factors among breast cancer patients in Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital, Ethiopia: Institution-based cross-sectional study

5. Perceived quality of care for severe acute malnutrition management among caregivers of under-five children with severe acute malnutrition in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022: a mixed-method study

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8. Determinants of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Adult Patients with Diabetes Attending the Diabetic Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study

9. Dysphagia and Its Impact on Quality of Life of Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Institution Based Cross sectional Study

10. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

11. The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Among US States, 1990-2016

12. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015

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15. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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