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Objectives: 1) determine the primary impairment addressed by each exercise included in exercise-based rehabilitation programs for patients with an acute ankle sprain; 2) Determine whether prescribed exercises incorporate complex tasks associated with ankle sprain injury mechanisms? Methods: We searched databases CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, Google Scholar for RCT's including patients with acute ankle sprains, managed through exercise-based rehabilitation. Risk of bias was assessed by the Risk of Bias 2 tool. Exercises were analysed based on: the primary impairment(s) addressed; direction of movement; base of support; weightbearing status; flight phase. (PROSPERO: CRD42020210858) RESULTS: We included fourteen RCT's comprising 177 exercises. Neuromuscular function was addressed in 44% of exercises, followed by performance tasks (23%), and muscle strengthening (20%). Exercises were limited to movements across the sagittal plane (48%), with 31% incorporating multiplanar movements. Weight bearing exercises were almost divided equally between single-limb (59/122) and double leg stance exercises (61/122). Eighteen percent of all exercises incorporated a flight phase. Conclusions: Rehabilitation after LAS comprises simple exercises in the sagittal plane that do not reflect mechanisms of re-injury. Future interventions should incorporate more open chain joint position sense training, multiplanar single limb challenges, and jumping and landing exercises.

Study design Systematic review. Background and objective The International Ankle Consortium developed a core outcome set for the assessment of impairments in patients with lateral ankle sprain (LAS) without consideration of measurement properties (MP). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate MPs of assessments for the evaluation of individuals with a history of LAS. Methods This systematic review of measurement properties follows PRISMA and COSMIN guidelines. Databases Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were searched for eligible studies (last search: July 2022). Studies on MP of specific tests and patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) in patients with acute and history of LAS (>4 weeks post injury) were deemed eligible. Results Ten studies of acute LAS and 39 studies of history of LAS patients with a total of 3313 participants met the inclusion criteria. Anterior Drawer Test (ADT) in supine position five days post injury and Reverse Anterolateral Drawer Test are recommended in acute settings in single studies. In the history of LAS patients, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) (4 studies) as a PROM, Multiple Hop (3 studies) and Star Excursion Balance Tests (SEBT) (3 studies) for dynamic postural balance testing showed good MPs. No studies investigated pain, physical activity level and gait. Only single studies reported on swelling, range of motion, strength, arthrokinematics, and static postural balance. Limited data existed on responsiveness of the tests in both subgroups. Conclusion There was good evidence to support the use of CAIT as PROM, Multiple Hop, and SEBT for dynamic postural balance testing. Insufficient evidence exists in relation to test responsiveness, especially in the acute situation. Future research should assess MPs of assessments of other impairments associated with LAS.

Purpose:Healthprofessioneducationandmedicaleducationshouldimplementprimarilyactivelearningunitsinthe curriculum.Self-study/guidedself-studyissuchatoolthatpromotesactivelearning,amethodthatinvolvesstudentsin theirlearningprocess.Theimplementationofactivelearningisintendedtodeveloporconsolidatepracticalskills (hands-on).Thismixed-methodsystematicreviewevaluatedtheofself-study/guidedself-studyintheuniversity landscapeforhealthprofessionseducationandmedicaleducation.Anothergoalwastofosterawarenessofthemethod self-study/guidedself-study. Method:AsystematicliteraturesearchinCINAHL,Embase,ERIC,PubMedandWebofSciencewasperformed. Additionally,amanualsearchwasconducted.Thisarticleincludedqualitative,quantitative,ormixed-methodstudy designs.IncludedarticleswereappraisedusingtheJBICriticalAppraisalToolforqualitativeandquantitativeresearch. Abductivethematicanalysiswasusedtosynthesizeevidence.Random-effectsmeta-analysiswasperformedtodeterminetheeffectsofself-studythatdeveloporconsolidatepracticalskills(hands-on)inhealthprofessionalormedical studentscomparedtotraditionalteaching. Results:Fifteenarticleswereincludedtotaling3949studentsvolunteeringinthestudies.Criticalappraisalofthe studiesrangedfromaveragetogood.Sevenstudiesreportedtheuseofindividualself-study.Theoverallweightedeffect favoredself-studycomparedtotraditionalteaching(SDM0.30,95%CI:0.13e0.48,p¼0.003). Discussion:Thesynthesizedfindingssuggestedthatself-study/guidedself-studywasusedasindividualself-study. Self-study/guidedself-studycoulddeveloporconsolidatepracticalskill(hands-on)inhealthprofessionalandmedical students.Theself-study/guidedself-studyshouldbestructuredinsuchawaythatindividuallearning,dyadandgroup learningarepossible.

Review question / Objective: Are therapies that include weight loss strategies in addition to musculoskeletal interventions cost-effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with overweight or obesity with a musculoskeletal diagnosis compared with musculoskeletal interventions alone? Condition being studied: Full health economic evaluations which investigate weight reduction programs alone or in combination with musculoskeletal treatment for the treatment of overweight or obese individuals with a musculoskeletal diagnosis. Information sources: Abstract, cost of illness studies, study protocols, congress proceedings, grey literature, study protocols or non-academic studies are not deemed relevant. In addition, systematic reviews and meta-analyses are excluded.