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Background: One of the problems after cryopreservation and ovarian tissue transplantation is ischemia followed by follicles mortality. In the present study, hyaluronic acid hydrogel was used to improve angiogenesis in vitrified ovarian tissue transplantation in rat. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 22 adult female rats (~8 weeks old) with normal estrous cycles were ovariectomized, then their right ovaries were vitrified and warmed into two groups without hyaluronic acid hydrogel (VT) and encapsulated with hyaluronic acid hydrogel (VT+HA) was autotransplanted into the dorsal muscle. Daily vaginal monitoring was performed until re-initiation of first full oestrus cycles. The ovaries were removed at the end of the first estrus cycle and angiogenesis genes VEGF, CD31 and CD34 evaluated by real time PCR. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and the significance level was considered P

Background: Bowel obstruction is a common cause of emergency surgical interventions. The most common etiologies are adhesion bands, hernias, tumors, and in children, intussusception. Bezoar is an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction. Some fruits such as persimmon tend to form bezoars, and as this fruit is used ubiquitously in Iran, it was decided to evaluate the etiology and seasonal distribution of bowel obstruction in Kashan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients who were admitted due to intestinal obstruction in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, from 2012 to 2017. Relevant information including demographic data, etiology of bowel obstruction and the season of admission were obtained. Data were entered in SPSS software. For analysis, chi-squared test and Fisher test were used. Results: Three-hundred seventy patients with a mean age of 52.07±10.05 years were included. Adhesion band was the most common etiology of bowel obstruction (26.2%), followed by intussusception (8.6%) and bezoar (7.2%). Adhesion band was the most common etiology in all seasons; bezoars were more common in fall and winter (8.7% and 7.8%, respectively). Conclusion: Bezoar is a common cause of bowel obstruction in Kashan. As a higher incidence was observed in fall and winter, it is probably associated with ingestion of bezoar-inducing fruits such as persimmon. According to this high incidence and associated morbidity and mortality, preventive measures, including patient education and improvement of dental health seem to be essential.

Fatemeh Nouri,1,2 Awat Feizi,2 Marzieh Taheri,3 Noushin Mohammadifard,4 Somayeh Khodarahmi,5 Masoumeh Sadeghi,6 Nizal Sarrafzadegan7 1Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 2Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 3Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 4Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 5Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 6Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 7Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranCorrespondence: Nizal SarrafzadeganIsfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, IranTel +983136115310Fax +983136115303Email nsarrafzadegan@gmail.comBackground: We sought to explore the temporal trend of ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence rate (IR) in a large city of Iran.Methods: The study population comprised hospitalized patients who were living in Isfahan, Iran, with first or recurrent IHD during the period of 2001 to 2016. To identify patients, clinical diagnostic codes were applied according to the International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD-10: I20.0, I21–I25) and the “World Health Organization Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease” diagnostic categories (WHO-MONICA). Using a direct method, we calculated age-, sex-, and place-of-residence-adjusted incidence rates based on multiple reference populations. To examine the long-term trend for the IR, a bootstrap robust zero-truncated negative binomial regression model was used.Results: A total of 102,254 hospitalized patients, with a mean (SD) age of 61.85 (12.79), were registered between 2001 and 2016. After an initial reduction from 2006 to 2010, crude and adjusted IRs of IHD increased between 2010 and 2016. We further observed a significant increasing long-term temporal trend in the IR with an average annual change of 1.42% to 3.36% over the study period.Conclusion: Our findings showed a decreasing trend in the IR of IHD between 2006 and 2010, possibly attributed to the comprehensive community-based interventions named “Isfahan Healthy Heart Program” performed from 2001 to 2007, followed by an increase in the adjusted IR of IHD between 2010 and 2016 in Isfahan; this indicates the importance of continuing the preventive measures to preclude the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in our population.Keywords: ischemic heart disease, incidence rate, temporal trend, registry

Fatemeh Nouri,1 Pezhman Karami,2 Omid Zarei,3 Faezeh Kosari,3 Mohammad Yousef Alikhani,2 Eghbal Zandkarimi,4 Ebrahim Rezazadeh Zarandi,5 Mohammad Taheri2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 2Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 3Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; 5Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranCorrespondence: Mohammad TaheriDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranTel +98-9124061190Fax +98-8134237100Email Motaheri360@gmail.comIntroduction: The prevalence of nosocomial infections in patients hospitalized to three hospitals of Shahid Beheshti, Farshchian, and Be’ saat in Hamadan was investigated for 2 years (2018 to 2020).Materials and Methods: The samples were cultured and characterized using morphological and diagnostic biochemical tests. The analysis of the frequency of the isolates and their antibiotic resistance were calculated using SPSS (version 22) at a significant level of P-value < 0.05.Results: Bacterial isolates were collected from the 1194 clinical specimens, of which 1394 were isolated from urine, 16 from CSF, and 588 from tracheal aspiration. Also, 654 (54.8%) isolates were obtained from females and 540 (45.2%) from males with the age range 15– 73 years (P> 0.05). The results showed that 22.1% were gram-positive and 77.9% were gram-negative. In our study, the frequency of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria was higher than in some studies, and this indicates the genetic changes and resistance of this bacterium to many antibiotics.Conclusion: To prevent further spread of resistance, increase the effectiveness of antibiotics and prevent multidrug resistance, it is essential to establish a precise schedule for the use of antibiotics and assess the resistance pattern periodically in each region based on the antibiotic resistance pattern.Keywords: nosocomial infections, UTI, trachea, CSF, antimicrobial resistance pattern

Mohammadmahdi Karimi-Yazdi,1 Zohreh Ghalavand,1 Mahdi Shabani,2 Hamidreza Houri,3 Mehrzad Sadredinamin,1 Marzieh Taheri,1 Gita Eslami1 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Gita EslamiDepartment of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Koodakyar St., Tabnak Blv., Yaman Av., Chamran Highway, P. Box: 19857-17443, Tehran, IranTel +98 21 23872556Email g_eslami@yahoo.comBackground: Shigella continues to be important causes of acute pediatric diarrhea worldwide. Shigella produces numerous virulence factors involved in colonization and invasion into epithelial cells which eventually result in the disease. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of virulence genes and to investigate antibiotic resistance profiles among Shigella isolates obtained from pediatric patients in Iran.Methods: A total of 141 Shigella isolates were collected between March 2017 and September 2018 from stool of children under 14 who were suspected to have shigellosis. Shigella isolates were identified using standard microbiological and serological tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out via Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. In addition, the presence of seven virulence determinants including ipaH, ipaB, ipaC, ipaD, ipgD, sen, and virA were evaluated using PCR.Results: S. sonnei (78.7%) was the most prevalent shigella spp. among children with shigellosis followed by S. flexneri (19.9%) and S. boydii (1.4%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that most of the isolates were considered as multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Our findings also showed a high resistance rate against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Shigella isolates. The prevalence of ipaH, ipaC, sen, ipaD, virA, ipaB, and ipgD were 100%, 95.7%, 95.7%, 94.3%, 93.6%, 92.9%, and 80.8%, respectively.Conclusion: The current study revealed that S. sonnei was the predominant species isolated from children with shigellosis in Iran. Our results also indicated a high distribution of type III secretion system effector protein-encoding genes and high multidrug-resistance among shigella spp. in Iran. Therefore, it is suggested that antimicrobial susceptibility testing be performed prior to antibiotic prescription.Keywords: Shigella, virulence factors, type III secretion system, ipaH, ipaB, virA

Seyed Ahmad Raeissadat, 1 Elham Ghorbani, 2 Morteza Sanei Taheri, 3 Reza Soleimani, 3 Seyed Mansoor Rayegani, 2 Marzieh Babaee, 2 Sara Payami 4 1Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Radiology Department, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Amir al momenin Hospital, Tehran Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Marzieh BabaeePhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Tajrish Sq, Tehran 1989934148, IranTel/Fax +98 212 273 1112Email rambabaee@yahoo.comPurpose: Few papers have studied the objective effects of PRP on cartilage. In this study, we investigated the effect of PRP on cartilage characteristics by special MRI sequencing in knee osteoarthritis (IRCT registration number: 2014020413442N6).Patients and methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, patients with bilateral knees osteoarthritis-grade 1, 2, and 3 were included in the study. Each patient’s knees were randomly allocated to either control or treatment groups. PRP was injected in two sessions with 4 week intervals in PRP group. The VAS (visual analog scale) and WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index) were utilized and MRI was performed for all patients, before, and 8 months after treatment. The MRI sequences taken were transverse 3D TRUFISP and coronal and sagittal fat saturated proton-density. Imaging was scored according to four cartilage characteristics.Results: 46 knees (from 23 patients) were included in this study. 23 knees in the case group and 23 knees in control group were studied. All patients were female with mean age of 57.57± 5.9 years. Mean total WOMAC and VAS changes before and after treatment in control group were 11.61± 8.5 and 1.3± 1.1 respectively. In PRP group, mean total WOMAC and VAS changes showed better improvement with 20± 12.3 and 3.2± 1.6 respectively (P-value < 0.05). In PRP group, all of the radiologic variables (patellofemoral cartilage volume, synovitis and medial and lateral meniscal disintegrity), with the exception of subarticular bone marrow abnormality, had significant improvement (P-value < 0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, patellofemoral cartilage volume and synovitis had significantly changed in the PRP group (P-value < 0.05).Conclusion: In this study, in addition to the effect of PRP on VAS and WOMAC, there was a significant effect on radiologic characteristics (patellofemoral cartilage volume and synovitis). For further evaluation, a longer study with a larger sample size is recommended.Keywords: osteoarthritis, platelet rich plasma, PRP, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, cartilage, knee

Background: Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is a way of preserving fertility in women with cancer and premature ovarian failure. Maintenance of follicular reserve is mandatory after ovary cryopreservation. This study was performed to determine the effect of alginate hydrogel as a capsule on morphology and follicular count of vitrified mouse ovary. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, mature mice ovaries were divided into four groups: non-vitrified ovary, vitrified ovary, ovaries that have been encapsulated with alginate hydrogel with a concentration of 0.5 and 1% and then were vitrified (Experimental1 and Experimental2, respectively). The vitrification was performed with ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. Morphological study was done using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Average number of intact and atretic follicles was evaluated in each group. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA and post hoc test. Values of P

Behnam Hosseini,1 Mehrdad Taheri,1 Reza Pourroustaei Ardekani,1 Siamak Moradi,1 Morteza Kazempour Mofrad2 1Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Mehrdad TaheriShahid Beheshti Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak Street, Tehran 1985717413, IranTel +98 913 301 5829Fax +98 7 756 7840Email mehrdadtaheri@gmx.comBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most prevailing form of joint disease. Despite the importance of minimally invasive therapeutic methods of KOA, there is a lack of evidence to compare intraarticular hyaluronic acid injection vs traditional dextrose prolotherapy.Objective: The aim was to compare the therapeutic effects of prolotherapy with hypertonic dextrose vs hyaluronic acid on function and pain in KOA cases.Materials and methods: One hundred and four KOA patients were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups, each containing 52 patients. The hyaluronic acid (HA) group were treated by 2.5 mL of hyaluronic acid intraarticulary, and the hypertonic dextrose (HD) group received 10 mL of 12.5% dextrose periarticulary. Injections were repeated three times with 1-week intervals. Pain intensity, measured by visual analog scale, and knee function, scaled by the Western Ontario and McMaster university arthritis index scores were compared between the two groups before and 3 months after intervention. Pain and function of the knee improved significantly (P