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This study summarized the recent achievement in developing fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete. The factor of replacing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) which is due to the emission of carbon dioxide where pollutes the environment globally is well discussed. The introduction towards metakaolin is presented. Besides, the current research trend involved in geopolymer also has been reviewed for the current 17 years to study the interest of researchers over the world by year. Factors that contribute to the frequency of geopolymer research are carried out which are cost, design, and the practicality of the application for geopolymer concrete. Besides, the importance of steel fibers addition to the geopolymer concrete is well discussed. The fundamental towards metakaolin has been introduced including produce by calcined kaolin, calcined temperature, chemical composition, geopolymerization process, and other properties. Alkali activators which are mixing solution between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) have been reviewed. The mechanical properties of fibers reinforced metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete which is compressive and flexural are thoroughly reviewed. The compressive and flexural strength of fiber-reinforced metakaolin geopolymer concrete shows some improvement to the addition of steel fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of Portland cement as a cementitious binder has been used widely in the construction industry. However, the application of geopolymer has equal popularity nowadays, especially for concrete repair works and rehabilitation. Research and development of high-performance geopolymer binders or known as alkali-activated materials is increasing worldwide. There are various precursors that have been investigated to optimize the performance of the geopolymer binders such as kaolin, slag, and many others. The application of fly ash is popularly being tested and proved to be the most efficient precursor owing to its excellent properties and performance. The performance of this precursor is being reviewed and presented in this paper and the high calcium fly ash is notably the most suitable precursor for fast setting and high early strength geopolymer. This paper presents an overview of fly ash, in terms of its properties, reaction, and mechanism. Several significant properties affecting the performances of fly ash-based geopolymer were discussed. It is being highlighted in this paper that fly ash has various microstructures which produced different geopolymerization reaction mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopolymer Concrete (GPCs) is a novel type of concrete that uses an inorganic alumina silicate binder system rather than the hydrated calcium silicate binder system, which is activated by alkaline liquids. Fly ash is the primary ingredient used to activate the geopolymerization process, as well as to substitute traditional Portland cement. The sole difference between this concrete and standard Portland cement concrete is the binding agent. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions were used to activate the substance in fly ash. The geopolymer has the advantages of rapid strength increase, no need for water curing, excellent mechanical and durability features, and is an environmentally safe and sustainable alternative to OPC-based concrete. The manufacture of Portland cement, in particular, results in the release of air pollutants, resulting in environmental pollution in the construction industry. It cuts CO2 emissions by 80-90 percent. This research is to consolidate on the study on characterization and strength of fly ash based geopolymer rigid pavement through compressive strength, water absorption and density. From the results, it is concluded that when the solid to liquid ratio increased, compressive strength and the density will be increased due to the characteristics and properties of the geopolymer concrete however decrease in water absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopolymer concrete is an innovative construction material that utilized fly ash as one of waste material in coal combustion industry as a replacement for ordinary Portland cement in concrete. However, the plain geopolymer concrete suffers from numerous drawbacks such as brittleness and low durability. This research purpose to increase the brittleness of geopolymer concrete by inclusion hooked steel fiber cured under room temperature, the sample preparation by mixing of fly ash class F, alkaline activator, difference percentage of hooked steel fiber, and lastly by adding fine aggregate (river sand) and coarse aggregate (granite). The result showed the density of steel fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete produced is almost similar to the conventional of steel fiber reinforced OPC concrete. Meanwhile, inclusion of hooked steel fibers significantly enhance the both compressive and flexural strength of geopolymer concrete. The improvement also increase with the addition of hooked steel fibers by volume fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the morphological properties of fly ash based geopolymer paste as a repair material when applied on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete substrate. The first part of this study investigates the optimal mix design of FA-based geopolymer paste with various NaOH concentrations of 8, 10, 12, and 14 molar in term of morphological analysis, which were used later as a repair material. The second part studies the morphology between the geopolymer repair material and OPC substrate concrete. The results showed that 12M revealed the best where there are no voids, cracks or unreacter fly ash occur on the sample. The results also shows that 12M sample highly irregular with no visible plane fracture surfaces revealed good bonding between geopolymer material and conrete substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of fly ash in brick as partial replacement of cement is gaining immense importance today, mainly on account of the improvement in the long-term durability of brick combined with ecological benefits. In this research, the lightweight brick was produced by using fly ash (class F) as a main material to replace Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in the composition of brick. Class F Fly Ash was mixed with an alkaline activator solution (a mixture of sodium silicate and NaOH), and styrofoam pellet was added to the geopolymer mixture to produce lightweight brick. The brick was prepared in two methods that is wet method and dry method due to different brick composition which is dry method for composition with sand and wet method for composition without sand. The bricks were cured in room temperature at 7 aging days. After 7 days, the compressive strength, water absorption, and density of the brick were investigated, where the optimum ratio for the best bricks has been determined from the lightweight density and has compressive strength more than minimum standard requirement. The best bricks are further produce for curing at 60°C in oven at 28 aging days. Those bricks also were characterized using optical microscope to measure the distribution of styrofoam in brick structure. From the result obtained, the brick that cured at 60°C in oven at 28 aging days has high strength compare to brick that cured in room temperature and at 7 day cured. The water absorption is decreasing as the curing temperature and aging days increased whereas density is increasing.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For this project, analysis of the redesign of original product hair dryer, the project is focused on the Hair dryers design, size, color, material and cost. Hair dryer are electromechanical device designed to dry the hair. This project is not only intended to analyze its body, but is also recognized as the part, element and component with a systematic function to analyze in detail the innovation method of product system design, which is taken as its concept to carry out the analysis on the component elements of hairdryers and the overall analysis and review of the system design process of hair dryers. Most people are familiar with the daily routine of washing, drying, and styling their hair. Although hair will eventually dry on its own if given enough time, most people reach for a hair dryer to speed up the process. Hair dryer are commonly used and can cause hair damage such as roughness, dryness and loss of hair color. The design of hairdryer is using CAD software and then transfer to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to analyses the capabilities of part design. At the end of this project, this research will give understanding about design using CAD software and do analysis that improved the hairdryer equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the Ba(Sn0.05Zr0.01Ti0.94)O3 ceramic has been synthesized by using conventional solid state reaction route sintered at 1450 °C. The X-ray diffraction analysis shown that the sample exhibited tetragonal structure at room temperature. The dielectric constant shows that there are two phase transition temperatures around 46 °C (To-t) and 70 °C (Tc). The dielectric constant reached maximum at Tc about 3200. The electrical properties of the sample were dominated by the grain effect. An incomplete semicircle arc was observed in the complex impedance and electric modulus plot. The dielectric loss remained similar value around room temperature, To-t and Tc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The likelihood of meeting on time delivery expectation for electronic manufacturer is demonstrated as the productivity's result. It depicts that adequate item is accessible for delivery, permitting the variability in yield, and the likelihood that the item will be sent in the submitted time frame, taking into consideration process duration change. Numerous service firms use delivery time assurances to go after clients in the commercial focus. This study reports the application of a 6σ project on the improvements of Company X products on time delivery. The methodology adopted in this study is the Define Measure Analyse Improve Control (DMAIC) technique of 6σ. This method is adopted as Six Sigma gives a viable instrument to concentrate on customer prerequisites, through improvements of process quality. Six Sigma projects are performed with the goal of improving on time delivery, in- process quality and product quality. This study describes the application of the Six Sigma methodology, focusing the five phases – Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control, by taking the example of a project, and demonstrates the benefits attained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the schematic design process in the embedded computing industry using Continuous Improvement (CI) approach, which the design department or section of a manufacturing concern, particularly in electronics and embedded systems. For the manufacturer, the research function helps develop new products or useful design modifications to an existing product range and development activity, which is basically an engineering function aimed to converting the research concept into a viable product, is known as an Research and Development (R&D) activity and sometimes it may be associated with design engineering as a project design and development function. Quality is a never-ending quest and Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) is a never-ending effort to discover and eliminate the main causes of problems. It accomplishes this by using small-steps improvements, rather than implementing one huge improvement. This report reviews some CI methodologies that have application in research and design process, concentrating on CI to ensure that the physical design output is error free and meeting customer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite type ceramics Ba0.8Sr0.2Ti0.96Sn0.04O3, a relaxor composition prepared through solid state reaction route and calcinated at temperature is 1400°C for 3 hours with intermediate mixing. The room temperature XRD study suggests that all the samples have the tetragonal symmetry with space group p4mm. The pellets were sintered at 1400°C for 3 hrs. The dielectric measurements at different frequency show that dielectric constant increases near Tc. Loss factor was decreased with increasing temperature but continue to increase as the temperature further increase above 100°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report a low temperature biopolymer sol-gel route to synthesise these garnet materials using Agar, with the formation of the garnet phase at temperatures 1000 °C ~ 1100 °C, with single phase samples of cubic Li7La3Zr2O12. XRD measurement shows that the complete formation of cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 with 10% excess of lithium is at 1000°C, which is ~100°C lower than the addition of 30% excess lithium which is at 1100°C. However, the conductivity plot shows the conductivity of the Li7La3Zr2O12 with 30% lithium excess contributed in high Li+ conductivity compared with Li7La3Zr2O12 with 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report a garnet-type lithium-ion conductor with the chemical formula of Li7La3Ce2O12 that prepared by conventional solid-state synthesis route. A pure phase of cubic garnet-type Li7La3Ce2O12 was obtained at 900°C for 12 hours with intermittence grindings. Purity of the samples were confirmed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The electrical properties of the samples wereanalyzed using Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) technique. Results show that the electrical conductivity in Li7La3Ce2O12 is dominated by bulk effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building Industries contributes to a great number of carbon footprint through all these years. Through a proper planning, this industry can reduce the impacts to the earth generally and towards the environment specifically. This study was dedicated to propose an old traditional design found in 400 years building to be reapplied in modern construction as a "passive design" system. Raised timber flooring was commonly applied in South East Asia's traditional buildings due to the availability of the material and suitability for the climate. Masjid Kampung Laut was chosen as the case study due to its excellent reputation compared to the age period of the building. Till this moment, Masjid Kampung Laut is still function very well and benefit excellently to the community where it was located; Nilam Puri, Kelantan. This study was conducted in qualitative method, involving several types of data collection. The intention of this research whereby proposing towards the architects, designers, developers, engineers, and all the main players in the construction industry to reuse the design element of "raised floor" in modern buildings such as residentials, resorts and hospitality, mosques, retails, transit shelters and terminals, restaurants, schools, office buildings and etc. This revolution in design will at the end push the authorities to consider the design to be used in government buildings, as it also represent our architectural identity, energy sustainable, as well benefits the environment. In conclusion, the traditional architecture element of raised timber flooring could be redesigned and recommercialised to suit the future buildings. This design should be given a chance as it surely can benefit the building itself, the users, and the environment globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays horticulture therapy become worldwide practice and have been identified that it is a successful treatment mostly towards all types of abilities and ages where have been practices within the various type of institutional. Edible landscaping also puts forward a productive landscaping option as this type of landscape integrates food-producing plant selection to be applied to conventional landscape designs. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of horticultural therapy on the psychological, physical, cognitive function, and quality of life among elderly in Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE) Kemumin, Kelantan. A new landscape plan for the green space at Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE) Kemumin is designed which is aimed at having beneficial effects towards elderly people especially on the scope of horticultural therapy through edible garden concept. Besides, the site study is analyzed by carrying out the checklist through the elements of horticultural therapy in the edible garden which are classified into three main topics including physical attributes, biological attributes, and also social attributes indirectly, those findings are considered and also being incorporated in the landscape project proposal. The main idea of the project is to developing and design a regular feeling in the essential area of the garden which indirectly is an alternative for spare time prevails, the therapy processes within nature, and also to gain the memories of the elderly people's lives. New master planning of edible garden for horticultural therapy towards the Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE) Kemumin being produced in a way to achieve the main point that being carry on from the aims and objectives of the study. Other than that, the layout of the garden created in a clear and simple layout, also visible and clear view while, the design eases the disorientation and creates a series of activities that can boost the senses which the users can experience at the center of PAWE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Edible Garden Project is a special group innovation project designed for the patients at Klinik Kesihatan Tanjung Malim (KKTM) under the Psychosocial Rehabilitation Program (PSR) especially individuals with mental health problems, elderly and disabled. The project can be looked as a module and useful alternative therapy for PSR in order to speed up the recovery process, including self-expression, sensory stimulation, social interaction as well as practicing fine and gross motor skills along with eye-hand coordination. In addition, this project will also aim to develop the potential for KKTM as a reference hub in innovation therapy as well as being a recreational or social activities related to the surrounding community. The program is based on the involvement of community volunteers consisting of lectures and students, employees and patients undergoing treatment in KKTM along with an expert from the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) to share and disseminate knowledge on edible garden and their innovation on therapeutic benefits. The main emphasis of the project was given to the development of an attractive and well-planned edible garden design as well as to promote horticulture therapy benefits with the selection of plant species through short-term crop rotation between one to six months. Overall, the program seeks to create a community agent of transformation towards a more dynamic and quality in line with the objectives outlined in 3Qs Perak Amanjaya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Support is one of the most important elements for a disabled entrepreneur to grow a business. However, this support is not only financial in nature but consists of various other needs. In fact, the support medium is not only the government but also NGO and others. The main purpose of this article is to discuss the objective of the study, which is to explore the support received by entrepreneurs with disability to grow the business. The second objective is to understand the situation experienced by people with disabilities in start business. Therefore, this study was conducted through qualitative methods using a semi-structured interview approach involving 8 informants consisting of disabled entrepreneurs to obtain research information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biophilic design is an innovative way of designing a space to bring about sense of connection to nature through various mean of approaches. Today, there are various studies and researches done with proven empirical evidences to examine the benefits and impacts of biophilic design to our health and well-being. With growing interest in biophilic design, increase in its usage can be seen implemented abundantly in spaces and buildings nowadays. Aim of this study is to examine various biophilic design that can be used in communal spaces of office building based on existing researches from other countries and to observe how biophilic design elements and attributes are implemented and adapted to address the climatic context of the selected case study in Malaysia and occupant's perception on its effects towards them with possible identification of preferred biophilic design in the tropical climate context. The study will focus on selected case study of office building, which is Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (PAM) Centre at Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur. The findings show that visual connection with nature attribute in biophilic design of a space is the one most agreed to provide the best outcome towards the occupants through its implementation in a space, based on survey study conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal comfort and ventilation needs of occupants have been achieved successfully with the perfect solution by means of Malay vernacular architecture design. Ventilation have always been a major design element that needs to be thoroughly planned especially in Malay vernacular architecture in order to provide thermal comfort to the occupants. Amongst the various factors that affects ventilation in Malay vernacular architecture are the availability of multiple windows and openings, orientation of the building, roof design as well as variety of floors that contributes to further enhance the thermal comfort of the occupants. Thus, modern development needs to incorporate the suitable elements and applications for ventilation based on the design solutions provided by the Malay vernacular architecture into their designs. A study on vernacular ventilation assists in reinstating the relevance of its application in providing the most efficient thermal comfort to the occupants. The main focus of this research paper is to investigate the applications and significance of ventilation in Malay vernacular architecture as it could further assists designers in the future to provide modern developments that are more feasible in its design specifically on its thermal comfort. This research will provide adequate case studies and ethnographic observations to further enhance the understanding of Malay vernacular architecture ventilation elements whereby the researcher would act as a participant during the process. This research is aimed to change future architects and designers approach in planning and designing more feasible ventilated contemporary buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acceptance of modern design and architecture is potentially seen contributing to the redevelopment of towns or cities. This may have resulted in the negligence of historic buildings in these places. Among methods or approaches in conserving and preserving historic buildings against disastrous threats and modernisation is through adaptive reusing of the buildings, or better known as the adaptive reuse approach. It is commonly known that many historic buildings conserved are reused or turned into museums, business premises, offices, restaurants, hotels, boarding houses and other public amenities. In Malaysia, this approach has been applied in various cities and towns, including Kota Bharu, Kelantan. This type of application, however, needs to be comprehensively understood by all parties involved so as to achieve the objectives of conservation. This study aims at surveying and reviewing several historic buildings that have been reused in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. In addition, this paper will also discuss the involvement of local authorities in the conservation and preservation of historic buildings in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The research methods employed in the data collection of this study are the library research and a fieldwork involving observations. It is found in this study that several historic buildings in Kota Bharu, Kelantan have been reused with new functions. Another finding also discovers that the restored historic buildings are mainly located in the city centre of Kota Bharu and they have become tourist attractions. In this context, the adaptive reuse approach seems to have helped sustain the heritage of historic buildings in Kota Bharu. It can be concluded that there have been comprehensive efforts by the local authorities in conserving and 'resurrecting' the historic buildings through their new functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical use of ceramic membrane has been limited by their fabrication technique and brittleness. Nowadays, phase inversion and sintering technique for ceramic membrane fabrication has been received widely attention. However, the unavoidable unstable structure for fabrication of flat-sheet ceramic membrane using this technique is still becoming an issue. To overcome this problem, in this paper, flat-sheet ceramic membrane have been developed via modified phase inversion and sintering technique using kaolin as main ceramic material, polyethersulfone (PESf) as the polymeric binder and N-methylpyyrolidone (NMP) as the solvent, respectively. The modified phase inversion has been done by adding drying process before the immersion into solvent. The influence of kaolin composition (60-80g) and drying temperature (room temperature and 3°C) have been investigated extensively to optimize the preparation. The results showed that the ceramic membrane prepared at 80g kaolin composition with drying temperature of 3°C displayed the highest bending strength of 53.1g with excellent BSA and humic acid rejection. Therefore, this study proved that the problem of unstable fabrication technique for flat-sheet ceramic membrane can be solved via modified phase inversion through the influence of high composition and low drying temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For this project, it is focused on redesign the original product and analysis the product which is the Speedy Chopper. The Speedy Chopper was inverted in year 2015. The chopper mainly used for chopping and preparing food in preparation of cooking. It is also used for mixing and whipping. Firstly, the objective of this project is same as the original product which are to make a tool that can chop food and vegetables, user friendly operating, to save time when chopping the food and to reduce usage of electricity. As redesign the original product is on the mechanism of the product where the original product is using the string that need to be pull several times to chop the input in the speedy chopper. So, the new design is using a rotating handle mechanism and it is reducing the quantity of the part from the original product. In addition, engineering analysis will be conducted such as the product analysis, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), sustainability of product and cost analysis before and after improvement of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental implants report high survival rate for the treatment of patients with missing teeth and being one of the undeniable restoration techniques. However, peri-implant bone loss has recently arisen to be the highlight in contemporary implant therapy. Therefore, the possible causes that are detrimental to dental implants and surrounding tissues are important to be discovered. The present review focuses on the current etiologies of peri-implant bone loss and subsequent complications observed in clinical practices. A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases using the related keywords. The literature reveals numerous etiological factors may initiate the loss of marginal bone in dental implant application: loading protocols, implant body placement, implant macro-design features, implant surface roughness, implantation site preparation, foreign body reaction, implant material particles detachment and contamination, and oral habit. Albeit the biomechanical, biological, or combination of factors are known to contribute in marginal bone resorption, the predictability of treatment modalities to handle the defect remains controversial and unclear. Further clinical trials and sophisticated quantitative assessment would be advantageous to help scrutinize the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For this project, it is focused on the improving design and analysis measuring tape. Measuring tape is not a new thing to us. It is a high demand product in surveyor industry. Currently, they are a lot of measuring tape design are selling in the market. The objectives of this project are to design the measuring tape and to decrease the time to assembly the product. Besides, it also learn on to analyse the cost of manufacturing of the product. The design of measuring tape is using CAD software and then transfer to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to analyses the capabilities of part design. At the end of this project, this research will give understanding about design using CAD software and do analysis that improved the measuring tape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focus on optimization of assembly process using DFMA on portable bluetooth speaker. However, the problem regarding this speaker is it comes with box shaped that is outdate and bulky. It also does not resistant to water as it limited to dry places only. The objectives of this paper are to redesign a much compact and sleek looking portable bluetooth speaker that meets the needs of the music lovers and to assure the speaker to be water resistant. The design of portable bluetooth speaker is using CAD software and then transfer to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to analyses the capabilities of part design. At the end of this paper, this research will give understanding about design using CAD software and do analysis that improved the portable bluetooth speaker. Hence, Sonic Gear Pandora Mini Portable Bluetooth Speaker in grey colour was chosen as a benchmark in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity and innovation in any organization are vital to its successful performance. Innovate a product have to consists of many different process of design. The flow of design such as identifying the problem of the product, determining the objective of the research, identifying the customer needs, undergoing survey and analysis data to get the list of metrics. Besides that, house of quality and concept generation will help the research to get know whether the design is full fill the customer needs or not. Concept testing will help to identify the final concept selection. Modelling of the final concept can help to show the target marketing to give their own response on this research. Customer needs can help to make the product undergo further improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to focus on some important aspects of the use of cordless screwdrivers in situations of work. Emphasizes on comfort while user uses cordless screwdriver. Descriptors of comfort in the use of hand tools have been collected from interviews. Functionality and physical interaction have been found to be the most important comfort factors in using a screwdriver. The ergonomically modified screwdriver handle provides greater operational efficiency. The findings of this research is significant in contemplating on the differences between discomfort and comfort. Cordless Screwdriver with built-in power of 3.7 kilowatts has been established. A better battery, with a voltage display, was made comfortable for consumers. In addition, the soft grip handle will allow the consumer to have a relaxed grip when using the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lean and Six Sigma are recent developments in continuous improvement methodology that have been popularized by several companies. The success and complementary nature of these methodologies has led to their combination into a single methodology, commonly called Lean Six Sigma. It is a key driver in enhancing the continuous improvement opportunity in various industries. Thus, this study aims to explore the Lean Six Sigma approach implementation in small, medium and large scale firms in detail, and apply the DMAIC concept in the recipe recovery and backup project. DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. Besides, the knowledge of the study will not limit to Lean Six Sigma analysis and literature analysis in the past. Thus, the findings will assist the subsequence case studies and idea to further improve on other industry process. Besides, it will seize great improvement opportunity in improving the efficiency of the existing process in any fields. Therefore, an analysis was constructed in assisting scholars and practitioners to better understand the concept and the influence of this approach. It helps to eliminate the existing impact of high configuration time and establish an excellent operational process in manufacturing. By applying the Lean Six Sigma methodology, it is targeted to achieve MTTR < 30 minutes after the implementation of centralized recipe backup solution. It is recommendation to use Lean Six Sigma methodology in various industries for continuous improvement such as in cost and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) due to the spread of COVID-19 outbreak has affected business continuity, especially Muslimpreneurs involved in small-scale business. The restrictions have forced business activities to adapt and change, entrepreneurs have turned to online and digital business methods specifically for marketing, supplying, and delivering goods sold. As a Muslim, Muslimpreneurs should not compromise with any unethical element in their entrepreneurial activities. Thus, the marketing and promotion activities of their business conducted digitally should be in line with Islamic law and the basic principles of ethics in Islamic business. This qualitative study seeks to elaborate on the impact of Covid-19 and MCO towards small-scale Muslimpreneurs and how the digitalization of business activities will help businesses of Muslimpreneurs survive and thrive. The data in this study were collected from previous studies suited with the aim of this study. This study will help in developing a standard of Islamic Marketing Ethics in advertising as Islamic advertising concept stands contrary to the contemporary practices. With a growing concern for business ethics, this study is an attempt to bring Islamic ethics into advertising practice. This will not only eradicate the ill-effects of contemporary advertising but also provide sound evidence for revising advertising policies. This study also adds to the developing field of Islamic marketing, by being the first attempt of its kind in paving the way for Islamic advertising. This study concludes that Islamic Marketing Ethics which derived from Islam teaching framework (Iman, Islam & Ihsan) taken for granted of people to live in conducive, peace and joy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the more attractive features of the Rasch Model as a paradigm for measurement in the social sciences is that it has the potential to predict the probability of persons' ability on the instrument which was set up on a scale with equal intervals. A person-item map (also known as Wright Map) are used as graphical visualizations of such scales, and it is able for the researcher to interpret. One reason for this is that they are premised on an arbitrary unit of measurement, the logit. By using logit value, person-item maps are able to show simultaneously the hierarchies of both person and items at the same scale (logit). The map analysis also provides clues to how well the content of the item yielded useful information about the firm's ability. This study focuses on final of 88 constructed items, where items must retain their relative difficulty on the equal interval scale (logit), regardless of the ability of the firms that challenges the items. This study also assesses the possibility of firm's ability to predict the firm's performance on a linear scale of measurement and the model could provide meaningful information on the firm's effectiveness in practicing Management Innovation (MI) items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on management innovation (MI) practices by manufacturing firm towards sustainable performance has received significant attention over the past decades. Generally, firms have implemented many practices and enjoyed their capabilities of innovative practices of their future investments towards sustaining strong firm performance. Hence, most of MI practices have been implemented beyond expectation for manufacturing firms and it is totally contradicted with local firms' expectation for those practices. The aim of this study is to verify the construct for a new integrated of MI practices items which consisted of 110 items. A pilot study was conducted using Rasch Measurement Model in which WINSTEPS software was used to analyse the responses from 30 manufacturing firms. This use of model is to measure the construct validity, unidimensionality analysis, and reliability of the questionnaire. The respondents of this study consisted of top echelon of the manufacturing firms. The summary statistic from the pilot study indicated that item reliability and item separation was 0.63 and 1.29 respectively, while for person reliability and person separation was 0.95 and 4.51 respectively. However, the result for model unidimensionality show that there is a need to improve the unidimensionality of the instruments. Therefore, the possibility of multicollinearity problem need to re-examined and MI practices need to be reviewed and call for further improvement. The final result 88 items are suitable to use for measurement of the real study in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of communication processes forms inside intercultural marriages will profit numerous people, especially couples who are occupied with such connections. At the point when people find out about other people who experience comparative impediments or conditions, they can re-examine their own circumstance with a progressively exact focal point. Commonly, this changed perspective produces development in the person who is looking for answers and frequently impacts this present individual's life partner. An investigation of this sort additionally adds to the field of advising. The psychological wellness field is persistently extending and looking for extra understanding and learning about human behaviour. Humans are perplexing animals, in this manner, visit perceptions and academic examinations are important for improved cognizance. Pre-marriage, conjugal, and family mentors benefit from an investigation of intercultural relational unions as all social orders depend on relational unions and familial relationships. These relationships determine the health of a society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many environments, atmospheric effects have been extensively studied to assess human activities in enclosed buildings in response to environmental stimuli. The goal of this paper is to examine a review of 25 studies on atmospheric influences on consumers' emotions in the business environment over the past 20 years. The synthesis involves elements used as environmental stimuli that have been commonly used and the results of previous studies. In short, in atmospheric studies with stimuli such as spatial layout, color, scents, lighting and music are the most discussed variables influencing human emotions through emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores determinants of job rotation among employees in education sector. Job rotation has become one of technique used by employers to rotate their employees' assigned jobs throughout their employment. Most employers use job rotation as a strategy for employees to take new tasks on different jobs for a period of time before rotating back to their original position. According to Azzam (2013), job rotation is an effective administrative tool, and it is used in many organizations to achieve different goals. This research can be used for organization or employers to understand the determinants of job rotation among employees. So, a questionnaire were distributed among employees in education sector. This study are using descriptive survey to investigate the relationship between motivation, training, skill and knowledge and performance toward job rotation. Total of 342 set of questionnaire were collected out of 400 respondent. The dependent and independent variables were analysed by mean, and standard deviation and mean of frequency distribution. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software are use in this project. Factors such as motivation, training, skill and knowledge and performance is influence the determinants of job rotation among employees in education sector were analysed. In this study, revealed that motivation, training, skill and knowledge and performance belief have significant relationship with determinants of job rotation among employees in education sector. This research could help to boosting employee's morale. This research also recommended that future researchers should target larger sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of 21st century education and digital education era has transformed traditional transactional learning which is primarily teacher-centered to a more facilitated independent learning with heavy incorporation of the online mode. Tertiary courses including languages therefore require a set of sound online assessment strategies to cater to the blended/flipped learning synchronously delivered for undergraduates. Within this context, this study aims to investigate present challenges in implementing online language assessment for tertiary language courses and the need to design effective implementation strategies. Before such strategies could be developed, challenges and issues must be identified and mitigated. Via a DELPHI based qualitative approach and stratified purposive sampling, data was elicited from eighteen expert respondents from nine public universities who gave their views and reactions to a set of structured interview questions. Thirteen challenges that fall into four categories of issues were identified. They must be addressed in planning for smooth online language assessment system. The findings also indicate that specific online language assessment guidelines and framework for is deemed necessary to ensure best educational practices are applied to ensure attainment of course and programme outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perception of Art Appreciation, requires two main aspects, namely formalistic and content. These two aspects come together to form a work of art. The logo is one of the results of art in the form of digital art that are always used in graphic design. This paper is conducted to identify the visual characteristic of the Malaysian Independence Day logo. Researchers only chose Independence Day for the year 2020 to be analyzed because it is the logo for the current year and is the latest logo design created compared to the previous two years using the same logo. To achieve the purpose, this method of this study is qualitative, which is to use the study of art appreciation evaluation analysis in the context of form and content. It clearly shows the formalistic aspects used in translating the literal and implicit meanings in the Independence Day 2020 logo. This logo features various artistic elements of art and principles of design, as described in this study. It also gives sense to the events that took place during the year. This study has combined the theoretical aspects of Formalistic art with graphic design that is the study of the Independence Day logo. A logo can be considered successful if all sections of society understand it. This logo is created every year, according to the theme and identity of the country. The logo design refers to the symbolism of a multiracial society that is pluralistic and dignified the culture in this country. Through the analysis that has been made, the creation of the Independence Day 2020 logo can be accepted because the logo is simple and easy to understand by the community. The use of the right logo can change people's perception of something. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary work, conventionally, can exist in an oral or writing form that requires its readers to listen and read in order to comprehend. This conventional concept of enjoying literary works has resulted in the waning interest to be involved in literature among the younger generation. It is deemed pivotal that adaptations of literature into films may attract the attention of this generation in order to understand a literary work. Based on this notion, this study aims at bringing to the fore the importance of film adaptation so as to comprehend the adaptation concept, analyse film adaptation in Malaysia and evaluate its significance to whom it may concern. It is discovered preliminarily, in this study that the adaptation process is essential in the efforts to enhance understanding of literary works among readers. It is hoped that this study may open up more discussions on the film adaptation and further embrace its impacts on society as film is one of the powerful technological tools that notably characterises the 4.0 Industrial Revolution (4IR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrological modelling is a conceptual representation of a complex characteristic of real hydrologic features which developed to understand, analyse, predict and manage water resources in a watershed. The simulation of surface runoff was developed in the catchment of centre in Perlis State by using Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). Estimation and prediction the flow in ungauged catchment were carried out by transporting parameters from the gauged catchment. In this study, parameters for ungauged catchment were derived from information close to ungauged catchment. The percent difference of peak flow and runoff for calibration at donor catchment showed reduced from 8.9% to 5.9% (peak discharge) and from 29.19% to 6% (volume runoff). The model calibration was indicated the value of Curve Number is 60 and the recession constant is 0.8, respectively. The result showed that the model successfully predicted of gauged catchment runoff and peak flow for calibration (94% and 94.1%), and validation (85.12% and 79.95%). This study have a significant contribution for future development of water resource in Perlis State and in ungauged catchment of Perlis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like other products, tourists purposely go through the process of arranging and decision-making in selecting the vacation goal. They massively spend their time and exertion in effectively gathering information and thoroughly assessing the elective goals some time recently the ultimate decision is being settled. Basically, the destination choice is influentially decided by attractiveness, and quality in which the sightseers see. With its intangible nature and social suggestions, in spite of the fact that the buy recurrence is low, the buy esteem is significantly high. As Thailand takes over the ASEAN chair for 2019, various prospects are opened up for hospitality linked businesses to attract visitors from ASEAN countries. The number of international tourist arrivals to Thailand in 2018 reached 38.12 million people. Tourism is one of the greatest vital sectors pouring the Thai economy, which can constantly generate great income for Thailand. Based on an all-encompassing approach, this research has exposed that integrating various strategies for tourism expansion with sound government policies and proactive management practices have led to significant positive outcomes towards mutual success of tourism sectors of Thailand. Additionally, the paper delivers considered policy to drive long-lasting enhancements in tourism sector, exchange rate and service sectors through efficient management and intelligent utilization of resources in tourism sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of COVID-19 forced the Malaysian government to implement the Movement Control Order (MCO) in phases starting March 18, 2020. The implementation of the MCO has affected business continuity, especially among Muslimpreneurs involved in small-scale business. Restricting business hours and business movements to limited time periods and movements, entrepreneurs have turned to online and digital business methods specifically for marketing, supplying, and delivering goods. As a Muslim, Muslimpreneurs should not compromise with any unethical element in their entrepreneurial activities. Thus, business marketing and promotional activities conducted digitally and online should be in line with the Islamic law as well as the basic principles of ethics in Islamic business. This study used a content analysis approach to examine the implementation of Islamic marketing ethics in the sharing of business advertisements through Social Network System which is popular among Muslimpreneurs in Malaysia. For that purpose, a total of 45 samples of advertisements have been randomly studied from WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook applications. This study found that over 90% of Muslimpreneurs have adhered to the basic principles of Islamic marketing ethics in their advertising material. At the same time, Muslimpreneurs are also found to prefer sharing quality ads and more on Facebook compared to WhatsApp and Telegram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigated on performance in charge sensing for substrate-gate integrated silicon nanowire field-effect transistor biosensor at different thickness of the buried oxide layer, sandwiched in between the top-silicon and substrate layers. The device structures with different buried oxide thickness ranging from 100 to 200 nm were designed and simulated using the Silvaco ATLAS device simulation software. The increase of buried oxide thickness reduced the strength of induced electric field that contributes to the formation of inversion layer for current flow through the silicon nanowire channel, hence contributed to the increase in threshold voltage. For simulation of charge sensing, the device demonstrated the ability to identify different interface charge values ranging from -5×1010 to -9×1010 e· cm−2 applied on the surface of the silicon nanowire channel to represent target charge biomolecules that bound to the biosensor in actual detection. Significant change in threshold voltage can be observed due to the applied interface charge density values and was evaluated to determine the sensitivity for charge sensing performance. The device shows better performance when designed with buried oxide thickness of 200 nm at sensitivity of 1.151 V/e· cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizen-centric is a concept that defines as shifting of service delivery from government's interest to citizen's interest. The citizens of different socioeconomic classes may experience a similar quality of public services, but they may reach different conclusions about a service because their evaluations are shaped by different sets of perceived and expectation performance. Past scholars confirmed that the comparisons between citizen's perceived-expectation relationship were not intensively explored and required further investigation. Therefore, this paper aim to compare the impact of citizen-centric public service satisfaction among citizen on what they perceived as compared to their expectation. Utilizing, the expectancy-disconfirmation model of satisfaction, this paper offers a quantitative approach by providing intensive comparison for citizen's perceived-expectation relationship. We employ paired sample t-test to answer the mean differences between tested relationship. This paper successfully identifies six mean differences namely performance, responsiveness, reliability, information quality, service quality and participation on the relationship between perceived and expectation. We believe this paper can benefit the supply side in conducting requirement in gathering and designing of citizen-centric public service satisfaction model in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low road efficiency problem triggered by the congestion and traffic accident is the reason of enhancing conventional transportation system in the world. It showed an awful picture of increasing traffic accidents with the growing number of vehicles. Road efficiency is constantly the main issue in the transportation system, hence supporting road efficiency must be in line among the traffic safety idea. Particularly, IoV is a main factor in Vehicle Cyber Physical Systems (VCPS). Road side unit (RSU) is an important factor for Vehicle to everything (V2X) communication, where it is an access point for linking the IoV network to the other networks [3]. In the IoV, the information exchange is generally produced of V2X which is vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V). It is important that safety message such as road condition, traffic information and traffic accidents consistently delivered to other vehicle in a timely manner for safety applications. Therefore, a number of studies have been done to design and develop a dependable routing protocols in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET). Though, in VANET, a transmission using single hop is generally incapable to serve all the proposed receivers because of partial radio range across a long distance. Consequently, the integrated routing protocol is needed to improve a communication system between vehicles in IoV network. Moreover, achieving a stable level performance in term of high throughput, less packet loss and less link failure in IoV is a challenging problem. In this paper, those key performance is analyzed and has been discussed in result section. From the results, it shows that the GreedLea routing protocol delivered 10% improved performance compared to existing Greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) routing protocol in term of packet delivery ratio, average delay and path loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast food industry is mushrooming in Malaysia due to the increasingly demand from consumers. Consumption of fast food has become a climate, where it is particularly popular with Generation Z. Generation Z is defined as a digitally driven demographic cohort, whose possessing a broad diversity of taste, favouritism, and behaviour. Having a clear knowledge on how Generation Z makes purchase decision can help to unveil the key determinants impacting their choices. If the influential factors can be determined, fast food marketers can devise pertinent approaches in taping the market share. This study is conducted to investigate the factors affecting generation Z's purchase intention towards fast food industries in Kluang, Johor using the survey method. Twenty variables that may trigger the Generation Z's purchase intention of fast food were sorted out by literature and interview. Questionnaire, confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha test had been distributed to 400 respondents. Descriptive statistical tests was used to analyse respondent profile. Exploratory factor analysis performed had summarized 7 core factors for the Generation Z's fast food purchase intention: service quality, food value and restaurant environment, food quality, price, promotion attractiveness, humanic clues, and health and marketing. These findings give Kluang's fast food marketers crucial insights pertaining the Generation Z's purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batik is an art or craft that is produced through a variety of textile designing techniques. In Malaysia, batik is considered as a national heritage art that is the pride of the country. The World-Asia Pacific Craft Council recognizes Malaysian batik as one of the most well-known local crafts globally. This study aims to examine the challenges faced by the batik industry in Malaysia. The literature review method is fully utilized to collect the required data. The results of the study found that the Batik Industry in Malaysia faces the challenge of competition from cheaper and modern external products and even more worrying is the original batik design imitated by irresponsible foreign entrepreneurs by offering lower prices. The lack of skilled workers from young people should also be taken into consideration when many young people voices that they are not interested in working in this industry. A more detailed research study proposal is needed by paying attention to the role of entrepreneurs and designers in the batik industry in Malaysia. They are the leading movers in addressing the challenges and problems that exist in this industry in line with efforts to develop the local batik industry and elevate the art of batik in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-analytical phase in phlebotomy process contributes 62% of errors in the process. This contributes to blood sample rejection that leads to diagnostic and treatment delay and even patient death, a solution is needed to solve the problem related to this issue. Integrated Portable Pre-Analytical Phlebotomy Unit (IP3U) is a device that includes implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) Deep Learning based Optical Character Recognition (OCR) using Tesseract and OpenCV for patient information processing, an image-guided vein diameter visualization for specific needle determination for drawing blood from veins, an automated time response sequence order of blood draw unit, blood specimen volume quantitative analysis using computerized vision, artificial inversion module able immediate mixing of the sample upon blood collection and a specimen storage compartment with temperature monitoring and most important feature with QR code-based patient-sample positive identification system. The device provides an accurate and qualified blood specimen during the pre-analytical at bedsides or in ambulances, emergency rooms, clinics and doctors' offices to diminish the human manual control error that greatly reduce the specimen rejection rate with interconnection via the internet of computing devices for quality monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of technologies is creating fast and vast information for people around the world. The current communication technologies are also offering individuals the opportunity and platform to be more skilful, creative, and innovative. With such rapid development, the media, printed and electronic, are affected in more ways than imagined. In conjunction with the emergence of Covid-19 also known as the world pandemic, the modern communication technologies play a significant role in filtering the information that gets out to the public. The purpose of this article is to highlight the issues and challenges of using media communication technologies in managing the information related to Covid-19 in Malaysia. The three major issues discussed in this paper are limited accessibility, false or fake news and misinformation. Finally, steps and preventive measures were discussed to ensure the accurate information being circulated to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]