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Within the framework of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), basic psychological need satisfaction predicts quality of motivation which in turn predicts study efforts. Although studies focusing on interpersonal differences have repeatedly shown this sequence of relations, only a few have examined its stability at the intra-personal level. In this diary study, we recruited 141 university students (M[subscript age] = 20.80, SD = 2.20 years) to investigate the degree of confluence among week-to-week need satisfaction, quality of motivation, learning strategies, and procrastination for four weeks. Multilevel structural equation modelling showed that need satisfaction covaried positively with autonomous motivation. In turn, week-to-week autonomous motivation predicted positively week-to-week critical thinking and effort regulation and negatively procrastination. These relations emerged even after controlling for gender, age, and study hours per week. Further, contextual autonomous motivation predicted higher mean levels of critical thinking and effort regulation and lower ones of procrastination. Interestingly, a cross-level interaction supported the sensitivity hypothesis as the negative relation between need satisfaction and controlled motivation was only true among students who were high in contextual (pre-diary assessed) controlled motivation. These findings highlight the importance of contextual motivation and the need to establish academic environments that consistently satisfy students' psychological needs, thus promoting the quality of motivation and adaptive learning strategies.

Článek poskytuje teoretický přehled o udržitelném cestovním ruchu jako o systému cestovního ruchu, který se zaměřuje na kvalitativní rozvoj s ohledem na kvalitu života a prosperitu obyvatelstva, aniž by způsobil škodu v jiných aspektech. Udržitelný cestovní ruch je podskupinou udržitelného rozvoje. V článku jsou uvedeny rozdíly mezi těmito dvěma termíny a dalšími pojmy relevantními pro náš výzkum. Je analyzován rozvoj cestovního ruchu v Kosovu, včetně statistik o finanční podpoře cestovního ruchu kosovskou vládou. Na závěr je představena SWOT analýza současného stavu cestovního ruchu v Kosovu.

All Discharge data are among the most critical factors that must be considered when evaluating the management of water resources in a watershed. Simulation of rainfall-runoff is therefore an important element in assessing the impacts of serious flooding. In the present study, rainfall-runoff in the Nekkor watershed in Al Hoceima province was simulated using GIS, remote sensing and the Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model. The applicability, capacity and suitability of this model for rainfall runoff in the watershed were examined. The watershed parameters were generated using (HEC-GeoHMS) and ArcGIS. The model was calibrated using a daily data set that occurred in the watershed between 2003 and 2007, the validation period was from 2009 to 2012. Model performance was evaluated using a variety of different statistical indices to study the response and impact of rainfall-runoff. Model parameters were changed and calibration was performed using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number loss method. Consistent and satisfactory performance in terms of peak discharge, total flood volume, timing of peak discharge and overall hydrograph adjustment effect was found. The determination coefficient (R2) for the validation period reached 0.73 versus 0.71 for the calibration period. The root mean square error (RMSE) is within the acceptable range. The relative bias (RE) demonstrates an overestimation in the calibration period and an underestimation in the validation period in the peak flows. These results will help decision makers to better manage water resources in this watershed and mitigate flood risks.

In gynecology, the problem of fetus during pregnancy in pregnant women have more interests. In the literature, several means are used to follow the pregnancy such as cardiotocography to measure heart rate, accelerations, fetal movements, and uterine contractions. In this proposed study, we use some algorithms to classify some diseases, and confusion matrix to specify the normal, and suspicious pathology using Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Artificial Neural Network. To validate this experimentation, the dataset of UCI has suggested to classify the fetus into three classes: normal, suspicious, and pathological the best performing model for detecting the fetal state is the ANN model which gave better accuracy values for 99.19% for training accuracy and 99.09% for test accuracy.

Mineral dust is one of the most important aerosol components in the Earth’s atmosphere. Desert aerosol constitute the main types of tropospheric aerosols whose optical property uncertainties are still quite important. In this study, we analyse the variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD), Angstrôm Exponent (α), Single Scattering Albedo (ω0) and aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) of desert aerosol recent measurements, for six AERONET sites covering the belt desert areas: Ouarzazate (Morocco), Tamanrasset (Algeria), El Farafra (Egypt), Mezaira (Unites Arab Emirates), Kuwait University (Kuwait), Dalanzadgad (Mongolia). The annual cycle of the aerosol optical depth dialy averages shows variable values due to the changeable weather and the Sahara source. The highests were recorded at the Sahara site (2.2 at Tamanrasset) and (2.9 at Kuwait-University). The spectral single scattering albedo SSA annual averages varies in the interval (0,8-0.95) indicating dominant scattering. Desert aerosol radiative forcing shows always a negative ARF with a maximums registred in July, -90 W/m2 at surface (Mezaira) and -26 W/m2 at the top of the atmosphere (Kuwait) that imply a general trend towards regional warming of the total column atmosphere with a maximum near +55 W/m2 observed in July at UAE.

Atmospheric aerosol is an important factor that affects solar irradiance. In this study, we examined the total atmospheric optical depth, aerosol optical depth AOD and the vertical particle size distribution in East Asia in terms of aerosol type during three years. The temporal variation of the aerosol optical depth for each site showed a constant mode renewed each year, the large AOD0,5 are recorded in spring and summer in an almost periodic manner, with maximums around 0.95 in Seoul, 0.08 in Chiang Mai and 1.34 in EPA-NCU. The particle size distributions under a bimodal lognormal form present a remarkable increase in volume concentration of fine and coarse modes during spring. The aerosols reduce solar irradiance by 37.33 ± 0.78% in Chiang Mai, 33.48 ± 6.43% in EPA-NCU and 38.59 ± 3.86% in Seoul.

As it might be known, organic products are increasingly in demand. Indeed, one of the most environmentally and friendly innovations are the bio stimulants. Their effect is exposed on the flowering, the plant growth, the fruits and the crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency. In this study we evaluate the effect of two aqueous plant extracts Ocimum basilicum and Eucalyptus globulus on the growth and the performances of tomato. The methodology consist on two parts of evaluation: the effect on the plant performances and the quality of the fruit. At the same time the composition of the two plant extracts have been necessary to evaluate the compound responsible on the effects. The results showed that both aqueous extracts had a positive effect on the plant performances. Indeed, Ocimum basilicum-treated seedling reached 1.35±0.05 cm at the high 50% concentration. Compared with 1.02±0.16 cm for the negative control. Same for Eucalyptus globulus that reached 1.35±0.25 cm at the same dose. For the circumference of the seedlings, the same extract reached 8±0.93cm at the highest concentration. The number of flowers per fruits had a positive effect for two plant extracts. For the quality of the fruit, a positive effect had been evaluated on the fruit weight that reached 121±24g with 8% of Ocimum basilicum and 135±15g with Eucalyptus globulus. Same for circumference; PH; the titrable acidity and the total Carbohydrate. At the same time, it had a negative effect on the total juice that has decreased by the aggregate of the concentrations. It had a neutral effect on the coloration of the fruit that didn’t change by the application of the plants extracts. The phytochemical screening of the plant extracts showed that both Ocimum basilicum and Eucalyptus globulus are high in polyphenols that might be the reason of these positive impacts. This study showed that it is possible to use the plant extracts of Ocimum basilicum and Eucalyptus globulus as biostimulant to have a better production and productivity of tomatoes.

Benign breast tumors are a nonthreatening condition defined as abnormal cell growth within the breast without the ability to invade nearby tissue. However, benign lesions hold valuable biological information that can lead us toward better understanding of tumor biology. In this study, we have used two pathway analysis algorithms, Pathifier and gene set variation analysis (GSVA), to identify biological differences between normal breast tissue, benign tumors and malignant tumors in our clinical dataset. Our results revealed that one‐third of all pathways that were significantly different between benign and malignant tumors were immune‐related pathways, and 227 of them were validated by both methods and in the METABRIC dataset. Furthermore, five of these pathways (all including genes involved in cytokine and interferon signaling) were related to overall survival in cancer patients in both datasets. The cellular moieties that contribute to immune differences in malignant and benign tumors were analyzed using the deconvolution tool, CIBERSORT. The results showed that levels of some immune cells were specifically higher in benign than in malignant tumors, and this was especially the case for resting dendritic cells and follicular T‐helper cells. Understanding the distinct immune profiles of benign and malignant breast tumors may aid in developing noninvasive diagnostic methods to differentiate between them in the future.

Abstract The B cell lineage tree encapsulates the successive phases of B cell differentiation and maturation, transitioning from hematopoietic stem cells to mature, antibody-secreting cells within the immune system. Mathematically, this lineage can be conceptualized as an evolutionary tree, where each node represents a distinct stage in B cell development, and the edges reflect the differentiation pathways. To compare these lineage trees, a rigorous mathematical metric is essential. Analyzing B cell lineage trees mathematically and quantifying changes in lineage attributes over time necessitates a comparison methodology capable of accurately assessing and measuring these changes. Addressing the intricacies of multiple B cell lineage tree comparisons, this study introduces a novel metric that enhances the precision of comparative analysis. This metric is formulated on principles of metric theory and evolutionary biology, quantifying the dissimilarities between lineage trees by measuring branch length distance and weight. By providing a framework for systematically classifying lineage trees, this metric facilitates the development of predictive models that are crucial for the creation of targeted immunotherapy and vaccines. To validate the effectiveness of this new metric, synthetic datasets that mimic the complexity and variability of real B cell lineage structures are employed. We demonstrated the ability of the new metric method to accurately capture the evolutionary nuances of B cell lineages.

H syndrome (HS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterised by cutaneous hyper­pigmentation, hypertrichosis, sclerodermatous thickening, and multisystemic involvement. It results from mutations in the SLC29A3 gene encoding the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3, leading to impaired histiocyte apoptosis and unchecked proliferation. We report the case of a 24-year-old Moroccan male who had a history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. He deve­loped hyperpigmented skin patches with hypertrichosis and induration. Musculoskeletal findings included bilateral hallux valgus, pes planus, reducible flexion contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints, and restricted ankle dorsiflexion. Additional findings consist of lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, hypogonadism, and ophthalmic manifestations. Investigations showed elevated sedimentation rate, anaemia, and osteopaenia. Ankle ultrasound revealed calcaneal enthesopathy and subcutaneous infiltration. In reporting this case, we aim to highlight the significant rheumatological involvement that can arise in patients with H syndrome and explore potential treatment options to improve the musculoskeletal findings.

Introduction Our study aimed to evaluate the integration level of non-pharmacological mana­gement (NPM) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), analyze attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers towards NPM implementation, and identify factors contributing to the underutilization of non- pharmacological treatment in RA. Material and methods A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among rheumatologists in Morocco. Rheumatologists received an online questionnaire gathering sociodemographic data, NPM integration level for RA, exploring their attitudes, practices and perceived barriers regarding the integration of NPM for RA, using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. Univariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for under-integration of NPM for RA. Results Out of 440 questionnaires sent, 132 rheumatologists responded to the survey (mean age of 44 ±12 years, 112 (84.8%) females, median professional experience of 15 years [4.7; 26.3]) with a response rate of 30%. All rheumatologists agreed on the importance of NPM integration into their practice with 130 (98.5%) supporting the necessity of tailored recommendations of NPM of RA for the Moroccan context. Sixty-nine (52.3%) reported a lack of NPM integration for RA. Only 36 (27.3%) consistently provided personalized NPM from RA diagnosis and 47 (35.6%) involved patients in decision-making. Comment perceived barriers included difficulties in organizing multidisciplinary care (122; 92.4%), difficulties with time management in consultation (119; 90.2%), and lack of multi­disciplinary team members (116; 87.9%). In univariate analysis, lack of suitable training and lack of knowledge on NPM of RA were risk factors of under-integration of NPM of RA with respectively an odds ratio (OR) of 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.86 and OR of 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.76. Conclusions Our study revealed significant insufficiencies in the integration of NPM of RA among Moroccan rheumatologists. Perceived barriers, including insufficient training, lack of knowledge, and infrastructural limitations, hinder effective implementation. Addressing these through tailored education and multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for improving RA management.

Abstract Digital watermarking of images is an essential method for copyright protection and image security. This paper presents an innovative, robust watermarking system for color images based on moment and wavelet transformations, algebraic decompositions, and chaotic systems. First, we extended classical Charlier moments to quaternary Charlier moments (QCM) using quaternion algebra. This approach eliminates the need to decompose color images before applying the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), reducing the computational load. Next, we decompose the resulting DWT matrix using QR and singular value decomposition (SVD). To enhance the system's security and robustness, we introduce a modified version of Henon's 2D chaotic map. Finally, we integrate the arithmetic optimization algorithm to ensure dynamic and adaptive watermark insertion. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms current color image watermarking methods in security, storage capacity, and resistance to various attacks, while maintaining a high level of invisibility.

Waste from poultry droppings in Had Soualem is valuable because it is rich in organic molecules that break down easily. One way to use this waste is by making methane from it. This helps reduce its volume and its impact on the environment. We are studying how mixing this waste with green waste can assess the effect of co-digestion with a green waste co-substrate in batch mode, under mesophilic conditions at 37°C and using an infinitely mixed laboratory digester CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor) with a capacity of 1.5 liters. During this process, the parameters pH, TOC, NTK, COD, alkalinity, and conductivity at the digester were monitored at the laboratory scale, and volatile fatty acids were modified to promote the bioconversion of biomass into methane. When everything works just right, the reactor stays stable, and it can make up to 70% methane, with only 1 to 1.5% hydrogen sulfide. This shows that combining poultry waste with green waste could be a good way to deal with these types of organic waste, turning them into something valuable and making the process more appealing.

This research paper explores the awareness, perceptions, and beliefs of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at the South East European University regarding Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory. Focusing on the dynamic landscape of contemporary education, the study aims to understand the extent to which students acknowledge and identify with different intelligences and the potential implications for language learning strategies and overall educational experiences. The research employs an exploratory mixed-methods approach, including a case study design, surveys, and qualitative analysis, to gather insights from bachelor's and master's-level students. Findings indicate a moderate level of familiarity with MI theory among the participants, with significant agreement on the utility of the theory in understanding learning abilities. The study underscores the importance of recognizing linguistic intelligence and suggests implications for pedagogical practices, curriculum development, and the creation of inclusive learning environments. Recommendations include fostering collaboration among educators to share best practices and seeking institutional support for initiatives related to MI theory integration in teaching. The research contributes to the ongoing discourse on effective language education and its alignment with theories of cognitive diversity, providing actionable insights for educators and institutions.