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Blending hydrogen and methane with diesel in compression ignition engines has been proven to improve both performance and emissions. This work further explores the combustion characteristics and emissions of a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine fuelled with various blend ratios of hydrogen, methane and diesel with respect to varying intake air temperatures, as the blend ratio can affect the mixture formation process in such high-speed in-cylinder phenomena. A numerical study using ANSYS Fluent was conducted based on a 0.406-litre Yanmar L100AE-D single-cylinder DICI engine running at 1500 rpm and was verified with a physical experiment using the same engine. The tri-fuel blend consisted of 60% diesel by mass with the remaining 40% made up with various ratios of hydrogen and methane (0%/40%, 12%/28%, 20%/20%, 28%/12%, and 40%/0%). The intake air temperatures were varied at 303 K, 318 K and 338 K, representing near-standard, high and extremely high ambient air temperatures, respectively. The results showed that the presence of methane and hydrogen in diesel fuel resulted in a higher in-cylinder pressure, temperature and heat release rate (HRR). Increasing the intake air temperature caused a proportional increase in the in-cylinder temperature, pressure and HRR. However, the presence of methane lengthened the ignition delay, while increasing hydrogen reversed the trend. While the presence of hydrogen–methane reduced the overall CO emissions, the effect of hydrogen on CO reduction was dominant. In addition, the presence of hydrogen–methane led to an increase in NOx emissions due to the high combustion temperature. The study suggested that an optimized intake temperature and the balanced use of tri-fuel in a direct injection compression ignition engine can significantly improve engine performance and emissions.

Background: Safety practices play a vital role in childcare business, as childcare entails managing children's daily life routines and preventing them from any harm. Aim: This study aims to explore the perspectives and awareness of childcare centres regarding the importance of childcare safety practices, babysitters' traits and safety performance in Malaysian childcare business settings. In addition, this study seeks to appraise the initiatives and actions employed among childcare centres in improving the safety levels of their establishments and management. Setting: This study focuses on safety performance, and it's practices, including the management, and babysitting among Malaysian childcare providers. Methods: A convenience sample of 11 participants, comprising childcare owners, management, supervisors and senior babysitters, from a wide variety of Malaysian childcare centres participated in a semi-structured interview. Results: Nine themes encompassing the actions and initiatives required by childcare practitioners in sustaining and empowering the safety of childcare centres were synthesised from the thematic analysis, which was grouped into two main categories: (1) Management practices; monitoring systems, training, rules and procedures and maintenance and (2) Babysitting practices; personality, mental health, religion and belief, responsibility and cooperation and knowledge and skills. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights to childcare practitioners, including the childcare owners, management and staff, in enhancing the safety levels of childcare premises and the benefits for the children they serve. Contribution: This study contributes to the childcare safety framework to be employed as a reference in monitoring and regulating the safety performance of childcare centres in Malaysia.

Background:The liver is the second most common organ involved by secondary neoplasms. Core needle biopsy of oncological patients requires an accurate histological diagnosis for the subsequent prescription of adequate management plans. Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of core needle biopsy for suspected hepatic metastasis and to assess factors that influence the accuracy of the procedure. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study randomly enrolled 74 percutaneous ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies from patients with suspected hepatic neoplasm. A 16-gauge tru-cut biopsy needle was performed for all patients. Patient characteristics, procedure information, histopathology reports, and slides were collected from the Department of Histopathology at Al-Jamhorii Teaching Hospital, Mosul City, Iraq. All cases were analyzed using SPSS software, version 18.0. Results:Among 74 patients diagnosed with liver metastasis, the median age was 57 years (range 33–90 years) at the time of biopsy; of them, 61 patients (82.4%) reported a previous history of malignancy, P = 0.003. Histologically, metastatic adenocarcinoma was the most common neoplasm identified in 56 patients (75.7%), with the predominance of colorectal carcinoma. Forty-seven (63.5%) patients underwent two–five passes, which was statistically correlated with an increase in diagnostic accuracy (k = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.038–1.189, P = 0.04). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of tru-cut biopsies were 100%, 97.1%, 95.7%, 100%, and 98.2%, respectively. Conclusions:The core needle biopsy is a reliable and valid diagnostic option for the histological assessment of suspected liver metastasis, particularly when supplemented by ancillary immunohistochemistry.

This study investigates the use of virtual and augmented reality (VAR) in higher education on students' self-efficacy in science and engineering, and academic performance. An innovative VAR classroom is set up as an immersive and interactive learning environment at Nanyang Technological University for curriculum-based learning. This classroom is equipped with 6 individual VR displays and headsets, where high-end computers are connected to each display providing the computational power required for VAR technology. 46 undergraduate engineering students experience the VAR lessons over the course of 5 weeks. The self-efficacy and academic performance of the students are measured for quantitative analysis with surveys and regular (pre-/post-) tests as they participated in the lessons. Post-lesson focus-group discussions and interviews are conducted for qualitative analysis. The data analysis shows a significant increase in students' self-efficacy levels and academic performance after 5 weeks of VAR lessons. It is found that the collaborative, interactive and immersive nature of the VAR learning environment enriches students' learning experiences and thus contributes to their learning effectiveness. The study provides insights into how the VAR learning environment affects undergraduate students' learning, and how the VAR system can be deployed for effective STEM education

The teaching and creative movement course incorporates details of physical movements most suitable to be conducted face-to-face. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has undeniably changed pedagogical methodologies, forcing this course to be conducted online via the medium of technology. Therefore, this paper explains the challenges and advantages of the synchronous and asynchronous video conferencing mixed strategies in the teaching and creative movement course. The setting in this research is a semester of the teaching and learning conducted at a university in Malaysia using the Google Meet application and video. The factors of resources and technological capability as well as the psychological factor that is related to social activity hinder the full advantage of video conferencing and technological usage in this course. The researcher also pointed out the security and safety problem experienced by one of our students to get internet access from a remote area, and the need to consider individual student home situations before sending them to learn from home. The identification of strengths and weaknesses faced by this course will enable further efforts in improving the quality of online dance education which incorporate the use of technology to obtain maximum results, especially for developing countries such as Malaysia.

Interest in naturally occurring phytochemicals has been on the increase, they are believed to reduce the risk of brain disorders. Hispidulin (HN) is a phenolic flavonoid compound with various pharmacological and biological effects on the central nervous system. It belongs to the flavone class of flavonoids. It can be found in different plant materials, especially fruits and vegetables. The literature used in this review was collected from credible scientific databases including ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Hindawi without time restriction, using relevant keywords, such as HN, brain, central nervous system, flavonoids, and flavones. HN was discovered to possess pro-apoptotic properties, act as an antioxidant, inhibit cytokine production and toll-like receptor 4 expression, as well as impede nuclear factor kappa beta and mitogen-activated protein kinase B. HN was also found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in vitro and reduce brain edema in mice. These pharmacological potentials suggest that HN is a promising candidate for neuroprotection in CNS disorders like depression and epilepsy. This review provides an update on the scientific literature concerning how these activities could help provide various forms of neuroprotection in the CNS. Additional experimental data on the effects of HN in models of neurological disorders and neuroprotection should be explored further. Based on the current study, HN is a promising candidate for neuroprotection of the CNS.

Primary breast tuberculosis is a rare disease under extrapulmonary tuberculosis category. It tends to affect females of reproductive age rather than postmenopausal women or prepubescent girls. This rare form of disease poses a challenge in diagnosing as imaging can mimic the appearance of both benign and malignant breast lesions. We describe a case of primary breast tuberculosis in a young female who presented with a persistent left breast lump. and was diagnosed with chronic left breast abscess. Histopathological examination of the lesion was consistent with granulomatous mastitis, secondary to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The patient was treated with a 6-month course of anti-tuberculosis drug with complete resolution of the symptoms and the left breast lesion on serial ultrasound imaging.

ABSTRAK Produk teh dapat dibuat dari bahan non teh seperti daun jambu air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari sifat kimia teh daun jambu biji delima melalui perlakuan non-oksidasi dan oksidasi enzimatik menggunakan berbagai teknik pengeringan seperti pengering kabinet, oven, dan sangrai. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniyaitu desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah metode pengeringan dengan Pengering kabinet, oven dan Sangrai dengan kwali dari tanah. Faktor kedua adalah dengan oksidasi enzimatis dan non-oksidasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan non-oksidasi enzimatis dengan metode pengering oven memberikan pengaruh hasil tertinggi teh daun jambu air delima pada sifat kimia meliputi kadar abu (5.70%), pH (4.61). Selanjutnya, perlakuan non-oksidasi enzimatis dengan metode pengering pengering kabinetmemberikan hasil tertinggi teh daun jambu air delima pada sifat dan kimia meliputi kadar air (10.44%), kadar tannin (13.74%), dan total fenol (186.97 mg GAE/gr). Kata kunci: Pengering kabinet, Karakteristik, Metode pengeringan, Oksidasi, Teh daun jambu air. ABSTRACT Tea products are not only made from tea leaves, but can also be made from non-tea leaves, one of which is from water guava leaves. The objectiveof this study was to determine the chemical characteristics of water guava leaf tea with non-oxidation and enzymatic oxidation treatments using different drying methods (pengering kabinet, oven, and roast). The experimental design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with 2 factors.The first factor is dryingmethodwith pengering kabinet, oven and roasting with kwali from the ground. The second factor is enzymatic oxidation and non-oxidationtreatment. The results showed that the enzymatic non-oxidation treatment using the oven drying method hasthe highest yield of guava leaf tea on chemical properties including ash content, pH. Furthermore, the enzymatic non-oxidation treatment using the pengering kabinetmethod also hasthe highest yield of guava leaf tea on properties and chemistry including water content, tannin content, and total phenols. Keywords: Pengering kabinet, Drying Method, Oxidation, Characteristic, Water Guava Leaf Tea.

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are a subset of breast cancers that have remained difficult to treat. A proportion of TNBCs arising in non-carriers of BRCA pathogenic variants have genomic features that are similar to BRCA carriers and may also benefit from PARP inhibitor treatment. Using genomic data from 129 TNBC samples from the Malaysian Breast Cancer (MyBrCa) cohort, we developed a gene expression-based machine learning classifier for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in TNBCs. The classifier identified samples with HRD mutational signature at an AUROC of 0.93 in MyBrCa validation datasets and 0.84 in TCGA TNBCs. Additionally, the classifier strongly segregated HRD-associated genomic features in TNBCs from TCGA, METABRIC, and ICGC. Thus, our gene expression classifier may identify triple-negative breast cancer patients with homologous recombination deficiency, suggesting an alternative method to identify individuals who may benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors or platinum chemotherapy.

The main objective of this study is to examine the Islamic and Malay elements that are acculturated in the Dabus dance ritual of Perak, Malaysia. The focused group of this study is the Dabus of Tanjung Bidara village, estimated to have been established since the 1818s. However, throughout that time, the perception of the Malay community has not been strong yet, specifically regarding the ritual relationship of the Dabus dance with Islamic values. In fact, not infrequently, Dabus dance rituals are seen as contradicting the values of Islam itself. It is even seen over as skewed by some of the Malay community. However, in terms of history, meaning, practice, and ritual function, the Dabus dance itself cannot be separated from Islam. The study was designed as a field study. The data collected is qualitative and analysed critically using ritual theory, cultural symbols, and acculturation. Data was collected through interviews, field observations, and documents. Other data sources include a review of text, photos, videos, and relevant articles. The findings show that 1) the process of Malay-Islamic acculturation in Dabus dance rituals has been since the arrival of Dabus dance in the Malay peninsula and continues until now; 2) one of the most significant Islamic-Malay acculturation methods and strategies is the reinvention of the Dabus dance over time; 3) Islamic-Malay acculturation includes not only physical forms (forms, structures, and ritual elements) but also non-physical aspects (doa, zikir, selawat, berzanji, belief).

Medical wastes include wastes created by biomedical research institutes, medical labs, and hospitals. Through exposure to infectious pathogens, improper waste treatment offers substantial hazards of disease transmission to wastes workers, wastes pickers, patients, health workers, , and the population in general. Poor wastes management releases dangerous and detrimental constituents into society. However, due of the volumes of wastes generated and its infectious nature, contamination of highly contagious agents such as the sudden pandemic has created huge instability in medical wastes treatments and consequent recycling. Several nations have implemented safety procedures to counteract this pollution and manage medical wastes; nevertheless, these efforts are inadequate and vary depending on the nation. Moreover, worldwide organizations have recognized recommendations for the handling of medical wastes. Those rules are aiding in the management of highly infectious medical wastes generated by all-medical centers. Instead of sending things to landfills, proper medical wastes management may make available value by limiting disease transmission and enhancing recyclability. Disinfecting and classifying medical wastes enables for more sustainable management and the reuse of important resources. This paper addresses the various medical solid wastes environmental impacts, management and disposal techniques used in various nations, the issues encountered throughout these strategies, and potential solutions to these challenges.

Abstract Borgs are huge extrachromosomal elements (ECE) of anaerobic methane-consuming “Candidatus Methanoperedens” archaea. Here, we used nanopore sequencing to validate published complete genomes curated from short reads and to reconstruct new genomes. 13 complete and four near-complete linear genomes share 40 genes that define a largely syntenous genome backbone. We use these conserved genes to identify new Borgs from peatland soil and to delineate Borg phylogeny, revealing two major clades. Remarkably, Borg genes encoding nanowire-like electron-transferring cytochromes and cell surface proteins are more highly expressed than those of host Methanoperedens, indicating that Borgs augment the Methanoperedens activity in situ. We reconstructed the first complete 4.00 Mbp genome for a Methanoperedens that is inferred to be a Borg host and predicted its methylation motifs, which differ from pervasive TC and CC methylation motifs of the Borgs. Thus, methylation may enable Methanoperedens to distinguish their genomes from those of Borgs. Very high Borg to Methanoperedens ratios and structural predictions suggest that Borgs may be capable of encapsulation. The findings clearly define Borgs as a distinct class of ECE with shared genomic signatures, establish their diversification from a common ancestor with genetic inheritance, and raise the possibility of periodic existence outside of host cells.

Abstract Background The understanding that mental health recovery is a personal and subjective experience informs mental health policies in many countries. However, most of the populations in these studies are from the West, limiting their applicability in Asia. Peer support in mental health refers to helping and mentoring people who have overcome similar obstacles. Despite being proven to be effective in promoting recovery, little is known about its use in Malaysian psychiatric patients. This study aims to explore the participants’ perspectives on their concept of recovery and how the peer support group (PSG) aid them to achieve recovery. Methodology This study was conducted on clients with mental illness who attended the PSG provided by the Community Psychiatry and Psychosocial Intervention Unit in National University Malaysia Medical Centre. A qualitative generic inductive approach was employed in this thematic exploratory study. Purposive sampling was the method used to collect the data for this thematic exploratory study. In-depth interviews of 11 study participants were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke (2006) descriptive thematic analysis method. Results The findings of this study highlighted six key themes; three pertaining to the participants’ perspectives on the meaning of recovery (1. Gaining self-reliance and social inclusion, 2. Personal growth and improved life circumstances in recovery, and 3. Symptoms improvement) and another three pertaining to how the peer support group aids recovery (1. Empowerment and growth through peer support, 2. Promoting well-being, 3. Social connection and support). Conclusion The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the perspectives of psychiatry clinic patients enrolled in PSG on the concept of recovery and the role of such groups in their recovery journey. The findings demonstrated that the PSG complemented the participants’ perspectives on recovery, reinforcing the notion that a comprehensive and person-centered approach to mental health services is essential for successful and sustained recovery outcomes.

الملخص أهداف البحث: يعتقد أن الأشعة المؤينة المستخدمة في أجهزة الأشعة يمكن أن تؤثر على أنسجة الجسم لدى موظفي قسم الأشعة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مقارنة آثار التعرض طويل الأمد للأشعة السينية على خلايا الدم لدى الموظفين العاملين في أقسام الأشعة المختلفة في المستشفيات المختلفة في مدينة السليمانية / حكومة إقليم كردستان. طريقة البحث: أجريت هذه الدراسة المقطعية في الفترة من 2021 إلى 2022 على 250 موظفا في أقسام الأشعة المختلفة، والتي شملت أخصائيي الأشعة، ومصوري الأشعة، وغيرهم من الطاقم الطبي (طبيب، ممرض، ….إلخ)، وكانت لها معايير الاشتمال، على مستوى المستشفيات في مدينة السليمانية التابعة لحكومة إقليم كردستان. تم جمع البيانات باستخدام استبيان تم ملؤه من قبل المشاركين بعد أخذ الموافقة الشفهية. تم جمع عينة الدم من 250 من موظفي الأشعة ثم إرسالها إلى المختبر للتحقق من مؤشرات الدم. تم تحليل البيانات المجمعة وتم التحقق من المقارنة والعلاقات بين البيانات من خلال الاختبارات الإحصائية الوصفية. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن معظم العينات الذكور كانوا من فنيي الأشعة الحاصلين على درجة الدبلوم. كان هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مجموعتي الجنسين فيما يتعلق بمؤشرات الدم من خلايا الدم الحمراء، واختبار الهيماتوكريت، وحجم الكريات، والصفائح الدموية. كان هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المجموعات المهنية من حيث عرض توزيع خلايا الدم الحمراء - معامل التباين وعرض توزيع خلايا الدم الحمراء - الانحراف المعياري وفرق ذو دلالة إحصائية بين الموظفين الذين لديهم تاريخ من التدخين وغير المدخنين و المدخنين سابقاً من حيث متوسط كريات الدم البيضاء والخلايا الليمفاوية ووجود فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية بين الموظفين الذين لديهم تاريخ في استهلاك الكحول وغير الكحوليين ومدمني الكحول السابقين من حيث متوسط كريات الدم البيضاء. الاستنتاجات: بناء على نتائج هذه الدراسة يمكن استنتاج أن متغيرات الدم مثل عرض توزيع خلايا الدم الحمراء - معامل التباين وعرض توزيع خلايا الدم الحمراء - الانحراف المعياري تتأثر بناء على نوع الوظيفة ومدة التعرض لأشعة اكس. Abstract: Objectives: Ionizing rays used in radiology devices are believed to affect the body tissues of radiology department employees. This study was aimed at comparing the effects of long-term exposure to X-rays on the blood cells of staff working in the radiology departments of several hospitals in the Sulaimani City/Kurdistan region government. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 on 250 employees—including radiologists, radiographers, and other medical staff such as physicians or nurses—in the radiology departments of hospitals in the city of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region government. Data were collected with a questionnaire completed by the participants after verbal consent was provided. Blood samples were collected from 250 radiology staff and sent to a laboratory for measurement of blood parameters. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS version 26 software, and relationships in the data were investigated with descriptive statistical tests, Student's t test, and ANOVA. Results: Most male participants were radiographers with a diploma degree. A statistically significant difference in RBC, HCT %, MCV, and PCT blood parameters was observed between sexes. Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed in RDW-CV and RDW-SD between occupational groups; in mean WBC and lymphocytes among staff who were current, never, or former smokers; and in mean WBC among employees who were current, never, or former drinkers (p

Drawing on the Fama and French models, we examine the role of market factor (beta), fundamental characteristics (size, book-to-market, profitability and investment) and the momentum in explaining cross-sectional stock returns in the Moroccan market. The sample consists of non-financial stocks over the period from July 2008 to June 2020. In this research and for the first time, we contribute to the current body of asset pricing literature by embracing three different empirical methodologies. First, we use an adaptation of cross-sectional methodologies from Fama and MacBeth (1973) and Fama and French (1992). Second, we opt for portfolios as dependent variables to reduce potential estimation errors associated with individual stocks. Third, we specifically adjust for the errors-in-variables issue using the methodology proposed by Brennan et al. (1998). Our results indicate that beta coefficients are statistically insignificant in both first and second methodologies. Furthermore, none of the characteristic’s variables meet the criteria for a good explanatory variable, as they fail to consistently exhibit a significant level of significance in all cases. Generally, the momentum factor emerges as the most promising variable. We conclude that the tested models are incomplete in explaining variations in Moroccan stock returns. Even after adjusting for model risk, some effects persist.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) offer innate resistance defence for malaria vectors against the insecticides permitted by WHO to be used in vector control tools. P450s can detoxify broad substrates and simultaneously metabolise them, thus the availability of experimental three-dimensional structures of these key insecticide detoxifiers is vital to improving our knowledge of their enzyme activities. Despite the importance of this family of proteins in insecticide resistance, there are no available experimental three-dimensional structures of insect P450 yet. For this investigation, a carboxy-terminal Histidine-tagged recombinant CYP6Z2 was heterologously expressed in E. coli to generate a soluble holoprotein suitable for an experimental three-dimensional structure. The expressed enzyme was purified from the cytosol of E. coli via the combination of various purification techniques and cholic acid sodium salt. Two truncated N-terminal signal peptides: short deletion of 11 amino acids and long deletion of 23 amino acids of the hydrophobic domain, were created to prevent aggregation, improve solubility, and facilitate crystallisation. The CYP6Z2 (full length) produced a holoprotein with a P450 protein concentration of 0.60 nmol/mL, whereas the two truncated CYP6Z2 isoforms produced only the inactive species with no peak at 450 nm. We conclude that the hydrophobic signal peptide region of the insect Cytochrome P450s seems sensitive and indispensable to ensuring 3-D folding and stability.

Diarrheal diseases are a significant public health challenge, leading to high numbers of morbidity and mortality globally. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains exhibit a complex spectrum, ranging from benign gut inhabitants to severe pathogens causing intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. This review focuses on elucidating DEC epidemiology, emphasizing research conducted worldwide. A comprehensive review searched for relevant studies on DEC's impact, using keywords like "diarrheagenic Escherichia coli," "DEC pathotypes," and "epidemiology" in databases like PubMed. Inclusion criteria covered 67 studies on virulence, pathogenesis, detection, and geographic diversity. Studies globally indicate variable prevalence rates for DEC. Enteropathogenic E. coli is prominent in Bangladesh (17.2% prevalence), relying on intimin, Bundle-forming pilus, and the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, prevalent in the US and Europe (up to 1.5% outbreak rates in the US), utilizes Shiga toxin and the LEE pathogenicity island. Enteroaggregative E. coli, notably in Africa (Kenya, 13.5% prevalence), employs multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis, Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST-1), adherence mechanisms, and biofilm formation. Enterotoxigenic E. coli is highly prevalent in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (Bangladesh, 6% prevalence), producing colonization factors and enterotoxins. Enteroinvasive E. coli is common in Asian developing countries like Bangladesh, relying on invasion genes and a large plasmid. Conversely, Europe exhibits notably low prevalence rates, with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli prevalence falling below 1%, especially in the UK. This review underscores the global prevalence of DEC, emphasizing the need for a global approach to disease management. Understanding the distinct virulence factors and pathogenesis of various DEC pathotypes is crucial for developing targeted interventions

This paper aims to identify the constrains faced by female entrepreneurs in Egypt. This study also intends to examine the influence of formal and informal institutional factors on women’s entry into entrepreneurship in Egypt. In addition, to explore the factors enable women entrepreneurs to overcome the barriers they may face. The qualitative research approach was adopted in the study to explore the challenges experienced by Egyptian female entrepreneurs. Purposeful sampling was employed and twenty-five (25) women entrepreneurs were selected from five Egyptian governorates to conduct semi-structured interviews to collect primary data. The findings indicated that the main constraints faced Egyptian women entrepreneurs arise from difficulty in raising capital, socio-culture commitments, sexual harassment, work-family conflict and lack of managerial skills. The study found factors such family-husband support, religious values, personal traits and technological skills are crucial for overcome constraints faced by women entrepreneurs. The study recommends creating a funding program targeting female entrepreneurs and raise the awareness about the importance of women entrepreneurship as well as take necessary actions to prevent sexual harassment phenomenon. Minimal research has examined female entrepreneurship in Egypt. Therefore, this study offers valuable insights of constraints faced by women entrepreneurs in Egypt. The study contributes to the women’s entrepreneurship literature from the perspective of an Arab Islamic developing country.

The aim of this paper is to develop an informative website to address the lack of accessible information and awareness about solar energy usage in Malaysia. The system aims to equip users with knowledge, awareness, and information about solar energy. Additionally, the website incorporates a data visualization feature that demonstrates Malaysia's electrical consumption, enabling users to observe the potential cost savings of utilizing solar energy. The project has three objectives, which are to obtain system requirements for displaying information on solar energy usage in Malaysia, design a data visualization to evaluate Malaysia's suitability for solar energy, and develop an informative website that allows users to explore solar energy data visualization related to Malaysia. The informative website development utilized the Waterfall Model, which progresses through the phases of requirements analysis, system design, and system testing. User Acceptance Testing was conducted to determine the informative website's perceived usability and perceived user satisfaction. The test results indicate that the informative website is a useful tool for allowing users to explore solar energy data visualization related to Malaysia.