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This chapter applied the intermodal container cargo flow simulation model to Central America. Because it consists of several small countries but has two coastlines with different characteristics in the maritime shipping network, many container flows across national borders can be observed. After confirming that the outputs estimated from the model agreed well with the observed data, three kinds of simulations were examined that focused on La Union port, a new container terminal in El Salvador. The first simulation showed that the model can reproduce well the observed annual container throughput in La Union port if a new service were to call at the port. Then, the future annual throughput for La Union port was forecast for each possible scenario of the liner service network calling at the port, under the condition of the annual throughput in Acajutla port being capped. The annual throughputs were estimated at more than 500,000 TEU in 2030 if La Union port functioned as a regional hub, achieved by maintaining an access channel sufficiently deep (− 13 m or deeper), whilst throughputs would be 250,000 TEU at most if the port remained a feeder and way-port service port. Furthermore, the simulation result indicates that if the cargo-handling tariff in La Union port was increased to almost three times the current level after concluding concession contracts under the private-public partnership scheme, the annual estimated throughputs would decrease by 50,000–100,000 TEU, in comparison with throughputs where an increase in the tariff has not taken place. These are not negligible differences, but the expected amount of increased income would be rather larger because the tariff is assumed to be increased three times its current rate. However, if any barriers to crossing the national borders are eliminated, a tariff increase would more severely affect the container throughput in La Union port.

The authors develop a model to predict worldwide container movements including both maritime and land shipping network from the viewpoint of cargo owners, given the liner shipping network provided by shipping companies and the level of service in each port. The network assignment methodology is applied to both an intermodal shipping network and maritime shipping sub-network, by which the solution can be obtained in a huge, real-scale network including more than 150 worlds’ container ports as well as some hinterland network of the world. The developed model is applied to the Central American region, where the international maritime containers are often transported across national borders by land. It is confirmed that the model output agrees with the actual container movement in terms of the container cargo throughput for each port, land container flow, and maritime flow by shipping company in Central America. Also, the model sensitivity to key parameters included in the model is confirmed reasonable. Finally, it is also confirmed that the model can predict the volume of containers handled in the port of La Union, where no liner service had previously called and a new liner service calls.

東京ゲートブリッジの主橋梁部では，大口径の鋼管杭（φ1,500mm）を用いた鋼管矢板井筒基礎が採用されることが決定した．ところで，大口径鋼管杭の支持力については，東京湾横断道路で載荷試験が行われているが，他に載荷試験の実施例は少なく，杭先端の閉塞率を含めた支持力機構が明らかになっていない．そこで，鋼管矢板井筒基礎の設計条件を設定するために本橋の建設地点で静的載荷試験（押込み・水平），急速載荷試験およびコーン貫入試験を実施した．また，得られた試験結果をもとに鋼管矢板井筒基礎設計に用いる設計諸数値を設定し，合理的な照査結果が得られた．

東京ゲートブリッジでは大規模地震に対応するため超大型の機能分離型すべり免震支承を採用した．機能分離型すべり免震支承は鉛直反力を支える鉛直支承と水平反力に抵抗するゴムバッファーの2つの支承部材からなり，鉛直支承のすべり面での摩擦抵抗によりエネルギー減衰を図るものである．ここで，すべり面の摩擦係数が設計上の重要な要素となる．本論文では，すべり面の摩擦係数の面圧依存性，速度依存性等の力学特性をせん断載荷試験により調べた．また，動的応答計算によりこの要因が本橋の地震応答に及ぼす影響を調べるとともに，採用した機能分離型すべり免震支承が設計地震動に対して許容値以内であることを確認した．

熱傷受傷後, 長期経過した熱傷瘢痕より有棘細胞癌や基底細胞癌など種々の悪性腫瘍が発生することが知られているが, 今回我々は頭頂部と手背部に発生した熱傷瘢痕癌の2例を経験したので報告した。症例1は70歳の女性で2歳の頃いろりの火で頭部に熱傷を受傷し, 5∼6年前に頭頂部の瘢痕部に結節が認められ, 次第に難治性潰瘍になった。生検で有棘細胞癌と診断された。頭蓋骨の一部は腫瘍の浸潤により破壊されていたが脳実質への浸潤は認められなかった。症例2は79歳の男性で3歳時左手背, 左膝部に熱湯により受傷, 2∼3年前に左手背の熱傷瘢痕部に隆起性局面が出現した。生検で有棘細胞癌と診断された。以上2例の報告とあわせて昭和54年7月産業医科大学皮膚科開設以来平成7年6月までの16年間に, 当科で熱傷瘢痕癌と診断された13例を統計学的に検討した。男女比はほぼ1:1で, また発症部位はほぼ全例が露出部であった。また病理組織型はすべて有棘細胞癌で大半が高分化型であった。

昭和56年7月の開設以来, 平成7年6月までの16年間に当科で病理組織学的に石灰化上皮腫と診断された症例は156例で, うち多発例が3例であった。年齢分布では20歳未満が58%を占めた。性別では男女比約1:2で女性に多かった。発生部位は顔面, 上肢, 頚部, 下肢, 躯幹, 頭部の順に多く, 顔面のみで全体の35%, 露出部では56%を占めていた。年齢層と部位の関係では20歳未満の患者の顔面と上肢に多い傾向がみられた。臨床診断と病理組織学的診断の不一致例では, 粉瘤, 皮膚線維腫の診断が上位を占めていた。あわせて興味ある症例として頭部に腫瘤を形成し血管肉腫が疑われた例と水疱様外観を呈した例を報告した。

In recent studies on prediction of the behavior of reinforced concrete structures, it has been reported that compressive strength of cracked concrete is lower than that of uncracked concrete. But the overall behavior and the mechanics as to the strength reduction were not clear.In order to examine the strength reduction, the authors conducted the experimental research using hollow-cylinder type of reinforced concrete specimens.The result shows that strength reduction can be expressed by the function of crack width and crack spacing. But within the experimental range, however, avarage tensile strain normal to crack uniquely decides the nonlinear behavior of cracked concrete.