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3. Pilot-scale testing of dynamic operation and measurement of interfacial wave dynamics in post-combustion carbon dioxide capture

Author

Tait, Paul, Lucquiaud, Mathieu, and Valluri, Prashant

Subjects
carbon capture and storage, energy systems, flexibile CO2 capture, model validation
Abstract

Flexible carbon capture and storage (CCS) has the potential to play a significant part in the decarbonisation of electricity generation portfolios which have significant penetration from intermittent renewable sources. Post-combustion capture (PCC) with amine solvents is a mature technology and is currently the state-of-the-art for CO2 emissions reduction from power stations. However, knowledge of the dynamic capture process is currently limited due to a dearth of dynamic datasets which reflect real plant operation, lack of a robust in-situ solvent analysis method for plant control and uncertainty about how changing plant design affects the response to dynamic operations. In addition, the nature of interfacial gas-liquid dynamics inside the absorber column are not well known and rely on correlations for effective mass transfer area and liquid holdup which may have uncertainties of up to +/- 13%. This could result in absorption columns being improperly sized for CCS operations. Two pilot-scale test campaigns are implemented in order to gain an understanding of how the capture plant responds to dynamic operations, the first on natural gas combined cycle (NGCC)-equivalent flue gas, the second on pulverised coal (PC)-equivalent. Changes in flue gas flow rates and steam supply which are designed to be representative of PCC operation on real NGCC and PC plant are implemented, using 30%wt monoethanolamine (MEA) as absorbent in both cases. Dynamic datasets are obtained for 5 scenarios with NGCC and 8 with PC flue gas. The test campaigns are carried out using two separate pilot-scale facilities and highlight the effect of plant design on hydrodynamics and hence, the response of the capture plant to dynamic operations. Finally, a novel solvent sensor is used to demonstrate, for the first time, control of the capture facility using in-situ measurements of solvent composition, combined with knowledge of test facility hydrodynamics and response times. Results from the pilot-scale test campaign are then used along with a mathematical NGCC capture plant scale up to investigate the potential effects of dynamic operations on total yearly CO2 emissions and the associated environmental penalties, depending on CO2 price. Manufacturers of column internals for CCS often rely on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software tools for design, but existing commercial codes are unable to handle complex two-phase flows such as those encountered in the absorber column of a CO2 capture plant. An open-source direct numerical simulation (DNS) tool which will be capable of rigorously modelling two-phase flow with turbulence and mass transfer has been developed and could eventually replace the empirical methods currently used in packing design. The DNS code requires validation by experiment. For the purpose of validation a dual-purpose wetted-wall column is constructed, which in addition to mass transfer measurements can be used to determine liquid film thickness using an optical method. Measurements of average film thickness, wave amplitude, frequency, velocity and growth rate are provided for three liquid flow rates of fresh 30%wt MEA solution. Wave measurements are made with quiescent, laminar and turbulent gas flow, with and without mass transfer. These measurements can be used to validate the DNS code at its existing level of complexity, and in the future when turbulence and mass transfer are added.

Published
2018

5. Supplementary Table S9 from Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Pembrolizumab Following Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The PETAL Phase Ib Study

Author

Pinato, David J., primary, D'Alessio, Antonio, primary, Fulgenzi, Claudia Angela Maria, primary, Schlaak, Alexandra Emilia, primary, Celsa, Ciro, primary, Killmer, Saskia, primary, Blanco, Jesus Miguens, primary, Ward, Caroline, primary, Stikas, Charalampos-Vlasios, primary, Openshaw, Mark R., primary, Acuti, Nicole, primary, Nteliopoulos, Georgios, primary, Balcells, Cristina, primary, Keun, Hector C., primary, Goldin, Robert D., primary, Ross, Paul J., primary, Cortellini, Alessio, primary, Thomas, Robert, primary, Young, Anna-Mary, primary, Danckert, Nathan, primary, Tait, Paul, primary, Marchesi, Julian R., primary, Bengsch, Bertram, primary, and Sharma, Rohini, primary

Published
2024
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6. Prospective Study of Non-Contrast, Abbreviated MRI for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Patients with Suboptimal Hepatic Visualisation on Ultrasound.

Author

Vithayathil, Mathew, Qurashi, Maria, Vicente, Pedro Rente, Alsafi, Ali, Naik, Mitesh, Graham, Alison, Khan, Shahid, Lewis, Heather, Dhar, Ameet, Smith, Belinda, Selvapatt, Nowlan, Manousou, Pinelopi, Possamai, Lucia, Izadi, Hooshang, Lim, Adrian, Tait, Paul, and Sharma, Rohini

Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance, HEMANGIOMAS, RESEARCH funding, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LIVER, HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma
Abstract

Simple Summary: Patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are at risk of developing liver cancer (HCC). Regular ultrasound screening for HCC is recommended for these patients so that HCC can be found early. However, ultrasound is not always effective at picking up small cancers, especially in patients who are overweight or obese. Other tests including CT and MRI are expensive. Our study looked at a shorter version of an MRI scan (abbreviated MRI, or aMRI) in thirty patients who had recently had an ultrasound with poor views of the liver. All thirty patients tolerated the aMRI scan well. In these patients, the aMRI scan found one HCC and five other liver abnormalities which had not been picked up on ultrasound. Experts evaluated the aMRI scans and felt they were of good quality. Our study shows that aMRI is possible and useful in patients undergoing screening for HCC, especially those who have had poor views on an ultrasound. Background: Biannual ultrasound (US) is recommended for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. However, US has limited sensitivity for early-stage HCC, particularly in overweight cohorts, where hepatic visualisation is often inadequate. Currently there are no robust imaging surveillance strategies in patients with inadequate US visualisation. We investigated the ability of non-contrast, abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (aMRI) to adequately visualise the liver for HCC surveillance in patients with previously inadequate US. Methods: Patients undergoing US surveillance, where liver visualisation was inadequate (LI-RADS VIS-B and VIS-C), were prospectively recruited. Patients underwent non-contrast T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted aMRI. The images were reviewed and reported by an expert liver radiologist. Three independent, blinded radiologists assessed the aMRI visualisation quality using a binary score assessing five parameters (parenchymal definition, vascular definition, coverage of the liver, uniformity of liver appearance and signal-to-noise ratio). Results: Thirty patients completed the aMRI protocol. The majority (90%) had underlying cirrhosis and were overweight (93.3%), with 50% obese and 20% severely obese. A total of 93.3% of the aMRI scans were of satisfactory quality. Six patients (20%) had hepatic abnormalities detected with aMRI that were not seen on their US: one HCC, one haemangioma and three clinically insignificant lesions. For the aMRI visualisation quality assessment, the coverage of the liver, vascular definition and parenchymal definition were consistently rated to be of sufficient quality by all three radiologists. Conclusions: Non-contrast aMRI provided good visualisation of the liver and detection of abnormalities in patients with inadequate US. aMRI should be further explored in a larger, prospective study as an alternative surveillance strategy in patients with inadequate US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Working together

Author

Tait, Paul A, Rowett, Debra S, and To, Timothy HM

Published
2015

22. PRIME-HCC: phase Ib study of neoadjuvant ipilimumab and nivolumab prior to liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

D’Alessio, Antonio, primary, Pai, Madhava, additional, Spalding, Duncan, additional, Rajagopal, Poyyamozhi, additional, Talbot, Thomas, additional, Goldin, Robert, additional, Maria Fulgenzi, Claudia Angela, additional, Ward, Caroline, additional, Yip, Vincent, additional, Dhillon, Tony, additional, Slater, Sarah, additional, Sodergren, Mikael, additional, Tait, Paul, additional, Habib, Nagy, additional, Thomas, Robert, additional, Cortellini, Alessio, additional, Sharma, Rohini, additional, and Pinato, David J., additional

Published
2022
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28. A phase Ib study of pembrolizumab following trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): PETAL.

Author

Fulgenzi, Claudia A.M., primary, Cortellini, Alessio, additional, D'Alessio, Antonio, additional, Thomas, Robert, additional, Tait, Paul, additional, Ross, Paul J., additional, Young, Anna-Mary, additional, Talbot, Thomas, additional, Goldin, Robert, additional, Ward, Caroline, additional, Bengsch, Bertram, additional, Sharma, Rohini, additional, and Pinato, David J. James, additional

Published
2022
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29. Preliminary results from a phase Ib study of neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab prior to liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: The PRIME-HCC trial.

Author

D'Alessio, Antonio, primary, Pai, Madhava, additional, Spalding, Duncan, additional, Rajagopal, Poyyamozhi, additional, Talbot, Thomas, additional, Goldin, Robert, additional, Fulgenzi, Claudia A.M., additional, Ward, Caroline, additional, Yip, Vincent, additional, Slater, Sarah, additional, Sodergren, Mikael, additional, Tait, Paul, additional, Habib, Nagy A., additional, Thomas, Robert, additional, Cortellini, Alessio, additional, Sharma, Rohini, additional, and Pinato, David J. James, additional

Published
2022
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34. Additional file 2 of PRIME-HCC: phase Ib study of neoadjuvant ipilimumab and nivolumab prior to liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

Pinato, David J., Cortellini, Alessio, Ajithkumar Sukumaran, Cole, Tom, Madhava Pai, Habib, Nagy, Spalding, Duncan, Sodergren, Mikael H., Martinez, Maria, Dhillon, Tony, Tait, Paul, Thomas, Robert, Ward, Caroline, Kocher, Hemant, Yip, Vincent, Slater, Sarah, and Sharma, Rohini

Subjects
Data_FILES
Abstract

Additional file 2.

Published
2021
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37. PRIME-HCC: Phase Ib study of neoadjuvant ipilimumab and nivolumab prior to liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Author

Pinato, David James, primary, Cortellini, Alessio, additional, Pai, Madhava, additional, Spalding, Duncan, additional, Talbot, Thomas, additional, Goldin, Robert D., additional, Gupta, Aneta, additional, Cole, Tom, additional, Ward, Caroline, additional, Yip, Vincent S., additional, Dhillon, Tony Singh, additional, Slater, Sarah, additional, Sodergren, Mikael, additional, Tait, Paul, additional, Habib, Nagy A., additional, Thomas, Robert, additional, and Sharma, Rohini, additional

Published
2021
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47. Monitoring Response to Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using 18F-Fluorothymidine PET

Author

Sharma, Rohini, primary, Inglese, Marianna, additional, Dubash, Suraiya, additional, Lu, Haonan, additional, Pinato, David J., additional, Sanghera, Chandan, additional, Patel, Neva, additional, Chung, Anthony, additional, Tait, Paul D., additional, Mauri, Francesco, additional, Crum, William R., additional, Barwick, Tara D., additional, and Aboagye, Eric O., additional

Published
2020
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