Search

To implement 8K Advanced BS receiver system, 8K HEVC decoder SoC is developed as key component. To solve the exceeded required memory bandwidth over physical memory bandwidth limitation issue for realizing 8K decoder, two types of multi-cast write back scheme, including reference data multi-cast write back and output data multi-cast write back, are introduced. 8K HEVC decoder chip is fabricated in 28nm CMOS technology and SIP packaged with eight DDR3 memories.

Hokuriku district in Japan is a major producing area of six-rowed barley, which is mainly consumed as pearled grain. However, the barley cultivated in this region has been damaged by scald, and commercial scald-resistant cultivars need to be developed. The influence of scald on yield reduction (previously addressed in many reports) and on pearled-grain quality was investigated. The whiteness of pearled grain, which is the most important quality in pearled barley, was not affected, but the pearling time tended to increase with the incidence of disease. Appropriate methods to evaluate resistance or susceptibility of cultivars in breeding programs were considered. Artificial inoculation in seedlings is not adequate to determine the resistance of cultivars because an outbreak of the disease has at times occurred after the heading stage. A field test with a source of infection, i.e., scattering leaves that were badly infected by prior inoculation of scald, accelerated the incidence and prevalence of the disease. When the source of infection was applied before the winter snows, it was especially effective in spreading the disease. The field test helped to determine resistant cultivars and breeding lines that inhibited the incidence of scald after the heading stage, although the occurrence of scald fluctuated according to weather conditions. Most Japanese commercial cultivars are highly susceptible in the field, whereas some foreign cultivars exhibit resistance to the dominant race of scald in Hokuriku district. We analyzed the resistance of “Brier” and showed that it was possibly controlled by one dominant gene at the heading stage, an observation that was in agreement with previous reports. On the other hand, three recessive genes are expected to confer resistance at the grain-filling stage. The heritability of resistance at the grainfilling stage was high, which means it is relatively easy to select resistant individuals in a breeding program even if it is controlled by several genes.

オオムギ雲形病（病原；Rhynchosporium secalis（Oud.）Davis）抵抗性オオムギ品種Brierと罹病性品種2品種との交配組合せに由来する後代の発病程度を調査し，遺伝解析を行うとともに，発病程度と生育特性，収量関連形質，精麦品質との関係について解析を行い，Brierを母本とした抵抗性品種の育成方法について検討した．北陸地域に優占する雲形病菌レースJ-4a（菌株NB1-1-1）を接種した罹病葉を伝染源として積雪前の分げつ初期に圃場に投入し，出穂30日後に発病程度を調査した．F2集団の発病程度をもとに分離比の検定を行った結果，圃場におけるBrierの抵抗性は劣性3遺伝子によるものと考えた．抵抗性の遺伝率は比較的高く，初期世代から抵抗性個体の選抜が可能であるが，発病が抑制される条件下では選抜効果が小さいと推察され，圃場においては複数年の検定が必要であると考えた．また，抵抗性品種Brierとの交配によって得られる抵抗性の後代が少なく，優良形質を兼ね備えた抵抗性系統の出現率は低いと考えられるため，抵抗性品種育成のためには抵抗性を有し優良な形質を兼ね備えた系統間でさらに交配を行う必要がある． Brierとの交配によって成熟期が遅れたり，ハンター白度が低くなる傾向が認められることから，Brierを利用するに当たっては，早生で高白度の品種を交配親として用いる必要性が示唆された．

To establish a Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) system for lines with a low occurrence of hull-cracked grain in malting barley, we screened about 1,000 DNA markers to detect polymorphisms between Kinuyutaka (low occurrence of hull-cracked grain) and Yoshikei 15 (high occurrence of hull-cracked grain). Then, we constructed a genetic map for Kinuyutaka × Yoshikei 15 using 150 doubled haploid lines (DHLs) with 55 polymorphic DNA markers. This map covered 546.8 cM and eight linkage groups on seven barley chromosomes. The QTL analyses revealed three QTLs for the hull-cracked grain on barley chromosomes 2H, 3H and 6H. These DNA markers on three QTLs are important for selecting tolerant lines for hull-cracked grain.

Hull cracked grain (HC) is one of grain damages in malting barley. We evaluated the easiness of occurrence of HC by early seeding and shading tratment during the stern shooting stage using 26 Japanese malting barley cultivars. These cultivars were seeded around November 10 and 50% shaded with cheesecloth for about 30 days before heading (from the middle of March to the middle of April). The same experiment was repeated for three years. The frequency of the occurrence of HC was increased by combined treatment of early seeding and plant shading from 5.9% to 31.4%, on the average. There was a significant genotype × year interaction in the percentage of occurrence of HC, and the occurrence of HC varied with the year. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the frequency of HC occurrence for several years to evaluate the tolerance to HC. The occurrence of HC was suggested to be affected by sunshine hours during the stem shooting stage. Among 26 cultivars, Kinuyutaka and Kyushu Nijo 16 produced HC at low frequencies in all three years, and they are favorable parents for breeding the HC-tolerant varieties.

A germplasm panel of 52 six-rowed barley landraces from northern Morocco was analysed by a Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) assay of a fragment of the elongation factor G (EF-G) gene. Forty-nine of these accessions carried allele A, and the other three carried allele D. The latter all originated from a narrow region close to the border with Algeria, whereas the former were represented across the whole collection area. Since six-rowed D allele carriers are present in North Africa, along with both two-rowed cultivated and wild barleys, it is likely that the European six-rowed barley varieties carrying the D allele have Moroccan parentage.

The superb weather during growing period produced a high yield and a high quality of wheat and two-rowed barley in northern Kyushu in 1999. The crop situation index and the average yield in Fukuoka Prefecture were 132 and 447 g/m2 for wheat and 118 and 398 g/m2 for two-rowed barley, respectively, the second highest since 1945. Furthermore, the inspection grade became higher because of the increase of well-developed grains. Wheat's high yield was caused by an increase in the number of ears and 1, 000-grain weight in response to a low precipitation during the growing period and sufficient sunshine hours during the ripening period. Two-rowed barley's high yield was caused by a increase in the number of ears and well-developed grains in response to sufficient sunshine hours during the ripening period. The yield and apparent quality of wheat were improved by a recduction of the first top dressing of nitrogen at the tillering stage and a thin sowing in early sowing culture in abnormally warm and dry weather. In terms of cultivar, the good yield was caused by a wide diffusion of the high yielding and quality wheat cultivar Chikugoizumi.

The abnormal weather did much damage to wheat and two-rowed barley in Kyushu in 1998. The crop situation index and the average yield in Fukuoka Prefecture were 50 and 168 g / m2 for wheat and 52 and 173 g / m2 for two-rowed barley, respectively, the third lowest since 1945. Furthermore, the inspection grade had deteriorated greatly because of the occurrence of damaged grain. Low yield was caused by a decrease in the number of ears and 1, 000-grain weight in response to a high air temperature and high precipitation during growing period. In wheat, the deterioration of apparent quality was caused by an increase in lodging, scab, and sprout because of high precipitation. Immature grains caused by a short ripening period also affected the quality. In two-rowed barley, low quality was due to an increase in husk under-development in response to a shortage of sunshine hours around the heading date and grain with ventral swelling because of high precipitation at the grain-filling stage. The yield and apparent quality of wheat were improved by application of the top dressing at the tillering stage, trampling and earthing under abnormally warm and wet weather.

We investigated the relationship between the C hordein-genotype of Japanese malting barley and malting quality. The purpose was to evaluate the selection of malting quality by C hordein genotype. The C hordein genotypes of 115 Japanese malting barley varieties were classified into 6 types by the SDS-PAGE band pattern. Five types of them were known as standard alleles, which were Br, Cl, Ha, Ma and Pr, and one type was identified as new allele, Mi (Fig.1, 2, 3). 41.7% of these 115 varieties were Pr type, and lines bred recently in Fukuoka and Tochigi were predominantly Cl type (Table 1, 2). The varietal differences were significant at the malting quality such as kohlbach index, diastatic power, apparent final attenuation and total score among the C hordein genotypes (Table 3, 4). Varieties with Br or Cl genotypes appeared to have high malting quality. In addition, C hordein subunits composed of Br and Cl genotypes were related to high malting quality (Table 5). Furthermore, the relationship between C hordein genotype and malting quality was examined In 37 doubled haploid lines produced from an F1 hybrid (Mi genotype × Cl genotype) by the bulbosum technique. The lines of the Cl genotype were significantly higher In diastatic power than those of Mi genotype (Table 6). These result suggested that selection of malting quality by the C hordein genotype could be used for the breeding of malting barley .

Four varieties of malty barley were collected for five years, and the yearly variation in various traits influencing yield and apparent grain quality were examined. The variation of these traits was analyzed to determine the yearly variance in the varietal difference. There were no significant genotype × year interactions in the number of ears, but a significant genotype × year interaction was detected in thousand kernel weight, plump grain rate and plump grain yield. The results showed that varietal differences in these traits varied with the years. We suggested that the yearly variation was caused by the difference in precipitation and the time of rainfall. There were no significant varietal differences in inspection grade but there was a significant genotype × year interaction in inspection grade, showing that it was difficult to evaluate varietal differences in inspection grade. Varietal differences in the occurrence of damage grains varied with the year, and the occurrence was suggested to be affected by precipitation, the time of rainfall and poor sunshine.

PK23-2, a line of six-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) originating from Pakistan, has resistance to Japanese strains I and III of the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV). To identify the source of resistance in this line, reciprocal crosses were made between the susceptible cultivar Daisen-gold and PK23-2. Genetic analyses in the F(1) generation, F(2) generation, and a doubled haploid population (DH45) derived from the F(1) revealed that PK23-2 harbors one dominant and one recessive resistance genes. A linkage map was constructed using 61 lines of DH45 and 127 DNA markers; this map covered 1268.8 cM in 10 linkage groups. One QTL having a LOD score of 4.07 and explaining 26.8% of the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) for resistance to BaYMV was detected at DNA marker ABG070 on chromosome 3H. Another QTL having a LOD score of 3.53 and PVE of 27.2% was located at marker Bmag0490 on chromosome 4H. The resistance gene on chromosome 3H, here named Rym17, showed dominant inheritance, whereas the gene on chromosome 4H, here named rym18, showed recessive inheritance in F(1) populations derived from crosses between several resistant lines of DH45 and Daisen-gold. The BaYMV recessive resistance genes rym1, rym3, and rym5, found in Japanese barley germplasm, were not allelic to rym18. These results revealed that PK23-2 harbors two previously unidentified resistance genes, Rym17 on 3H and rym18 on 4H; Rym17 is the first dominant BaYMV resistance gene to be identified in primary gene pool. These new genes, particularly dominant Rym17, represent a potentially valuable genetic resource against BaYMV disease.