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Introduction: Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is characterized by a poor prognosis and is generally treated with platinum and etoposide combination therapy as first-line chemotherapy. However, it remains uncertain whether carboplatin and etoposide combination therapy (CE) and cisplatin and etoposide combination therapy (PE) have comparable treatment efficacy. In this retrospective analysis, we compared the efficacy and safety of CE and PE in patients with NEC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patient's clinical record from 2005 to 2022 at the Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital. Patients who received either CE or PE were included in the study. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP Pro 16.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: A total of 104 patients were enrolled, with 73 patients assigned to the CE group and 31 patients assigned to the PE group. Statistically, the response rate, progression-free survival time and overall survival time were 42.6%, 5.1 months (95% CI: 3.5–6.3) and 13.6 months (95% CI: 8.9–17.4), respectively, in the CE groups and 44.4%, 5.6 months (95% CI: 3.1–7.0) and 12.5 months (95% CI: 11.2–14.6), respectively, in the PE groups. There was no significant difference in treatment efficacy between the CE and the PE groups. However, the number of patients with elevated creatinine (3.35 mg/dL and 3.88 mg/dL in 2 patients, respectively) was significantly higher in the PE group than in the CE group. Conclusion: The efficacy of CE and PE in patients with NEC is comparable. However, the incidence of renal dysfunction was found to be significantly higher in the PE group than in the CE group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Urachal carcinoma is a rare cancer, with limited evidence regarding systemic chemotherapy for metastatic urachal carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination therapy of 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) in patients with metastatic urachal carcinoma., Patients and Methods: Patients with metastatic urachal carcinoma treated with FOLFIRI between March 2008 and April 2023 at the Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed using medical records., Results: Six patients with urachal carcinoma received FOLFIRI. The histological type was adenocarcinoma in all patients. The metastatic or recurrent sites were the peritoneum, lungs, lymph nodes, and local relapse sites. Three patients received FOLFIRI as first-line chemotherapy, and the other three received FOLFIRI as second-line chemotherapy. Two patients had only non-measurable lesions as the targets of tumor response. The best response was the stable disease or non-complete response/non-progressive disease in four patients, with a disease control rate of 67%. The median progression-free survival was 7.5 months. In two patients with ascites only as the site of metastasis, the amount of ascites and serum tumor marker levels decreased after FOLFIRI was initiated. Grade 3/4 toxicities included grade 3 neutropenia in one patient and grade 3 diarrhea in one patient., Conclusion: FOLFIRI has modest efficacy and good tolerability for the treatment of metastatic urachal carcinoma., (Copyright © 2023 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)