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Summary In humans, atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) is considered as a precancerous lesion of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EA), from which it must be distinguished. Precancerous lesions have not been reported in cats with EA. We now document the histopathological features of endometrial lesions in six cats, which histopathologically resembled human AEH and had a good prognosis following ovariohysterectomy. Grossly, one cat presented with papillomatous nodules and three cats had pyometra. Histopathologically, proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells without atypia was observed in all cases. In some regions of the endometrium, cells had increased atypia and were arranged in stratified layers, which formed irregular ducts and papillary structures. No invasive behaviour or vascular invasion was observed. On the basis of these findings, the cats were diagnosed with non-invasive or early-stage adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry for oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor revealed an inverse correlation with the severity of the endometrial lesions and degree of malignancy of tumour cells. Ki67 labelling revealed that mitotic activity increased as the lesion developed. All cats survived, with a median survival time of 385 days (range: 229–744 days). The distribution of the histopathological endometrial changes and the non-invasive behaviour in these feline cases resemble cases of AEH in humans.

CD71 is an immunohistochemical marker used in diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M6-Er in humans; however, to our knowledge, it has not been reportedly used for immunohistochemistry in veterinary medicine. We evaluated the pathologic features of AML M6-Er in a retrovirus-negative cat and used CD71 to support the diagnosis. A 4-y-old spayed female Scottish Fold cat was presented with lethargy, anorexia, and fever. Whole-blood PCR assay results for pro feline leukemia virus/pro feline immunodeficiency virus and feline vector-borne diseases were negative. Early erythroid precursors were observed in the peripheral blood smear. Fine-needle aspiration of the enlarged spleen and splenic lymph node showed many early erythroid precursors. Bone marrow aspirate smears revealed erythroid hyperplasia with 68.4% erythroid lineage and 3.6% rubriblasts. Dysplastic cells infiltrated other organs. The patient was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome, progressing to the early phase of AML M6-Er. The patient died on day 121 despite multidrug treatments. Postmortem examination revealed neoplastic erythroblasts infiltrating the bone marrow and other organs. Neoplastic cells were immunopositive for CD71 but immunonegative for CD3, CD20, granzyme B, von Willebrand factor, CD61, myeloperoxidase, and Iba-1. Although further studies are necessary for the application of CD71, our results supported the morphologic diagnosis of AML M6-Er.

Some natural plant extract formulations (NPEFs, also referred to as essential oils) used in organic farming have been shown to contain synthetic pesticides. We obtained samples of four NPEFs (Muso, Hekiro, Kensogen-Ten, and Nurse Green) that were contaminated with the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin, and we used gas chromatography coupled with combustion, cryofocusing, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry to determine the stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) for the cypermethrin in the four NPEF samples, as well as in ten cypermethrin reagents and two commercial pesticide formulations (Agrothrin emulsion and Agrothrin water-dispersible powder). Our goal was to identify the source of the cypermethrin in the NPEFs. Cryofocusing markedly sharpened the cypermethrin peak and thus improved the accuracy and precision of the determined δ13C values. The δ13C values (± SD) of the 16 cypermethrin samples ranged from −28.3 ± 0.2 to −24.5 ± 0.2 ‰. Surprisingly, the four NPEFs showed similar δ13C values (−26.8 ...

Fluoroalkyl end-capped N -(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide oligomer [R F –(DOBAA) n –R F ] reacted with hibitane in methanol at 90 °C to afford R F –(DOBAA) n –R F oligomeric nanoparticles-encapsulated hibitane in good isolated yields. These fluorinated oligomeric particles-encapsulated hibitane were nanometer size-controlled very fine particles, and were found to exhibit a good dispersibility and stability in a wide variety of traditional organic solvents including fluorinated aliphatic solvents. Each dispersed solution with fluorinated nanoparticles afforded transparent colorless solution. These fluorinated nanoparticles were also found to exhibit a good antibacterial activity, and were applied to the surface modification of traditional organic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate).