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The Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML), have both seen significant advancements in recent years, which has resulted in significant leaps forward in the development of health monitoring systems. Patients may now be prevented, diagnosed, and monitored remotely and at home, eliminating the need to go to health and treatment centers or spend a significant amount of money doing so. This is made possible by advancements in technology. Deep learning has been the primary focus of this research as it relates to the development of a remote health monitoring system for the diagnosis of diabetes. In the system that has been suggested, improvements have been made to both the precision of the detection and the swiftness of the data processing. The Neighbourhood Component Analysis-Convolutional Neural Network (NCA-CNN) approach that we have presented involves two stages: the first stage involves picking the most important features from all of the data, and the second stage involves categorizing the chosen features. The NCA algorithm is a mathematical method that rates the characteristics based on the results of an analysis of the data and picks the most significant aspects. After that, the most salient characteristics are categorized by a deep convolutional neural network, and an accurate diagnosis of the condition is accomplished. According to the findings that were collected, the accuracy of the approach that was suggested is 97.12%.

Objectives. Vocal fold injection (VFI) via the cricothyroid (CT) membrane is used to treat various diseases affecting the vocal folds. The technical challenges of this technique are mainly related to the invisibility of the needle. Real-time light-guided VFI (RL-VFI) was recently developed for injection under simultaneous light guidance in the CT approach. Herein, we present the first clinical trial of RL-VFI, in which we investigated the feasibility and safety of this new technique in unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP). Methods. This prospective pilot study enrolled 40 patients, who were treated with RL-VFI for unilateral VFP between September 2020 and August 2021. Adverse events were monitored during the procedure and for 4 weeks postoperatively. The Voice Handicap Index-10, the GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain) scale, aerodynamic studies, and acoustic analyses were evaluated to compare the voice improvement after 4 weeks with the baseline values. Results. The needle tip was intuitively identified by the red light. The mean procedure time was 95.6±40.6 seconds for the initial injection, while the additional injection required 79.2±70.5 seconds. The injection was performed under light guidance without additional manipulation after the needle reached the intended point. No acute or delayed adverse events were reported. Among the 40 patients, 36 completed voice analyses after 4 weeks. Subjective and objective voice parameters, including the Voice Handicap Index-10, GRBAS scale, maximum phonation time, mean expiratory airflow, fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonics ratio improved significantly after RL-VFI (P

Objectives The transcutaneous approach is a good option for office-based vocal fold injection (VFI). However, precise localization requires extensive experience because the needle tip is invisible in small and complex laryngeal spaces. Recently, real-time light-guided VFI (RL-VFI) was proposed as a new technique that allows simultaneous injection under precise needle localization by light guidance. Herein, we aimed to verify the feasibility of RL-VFI in an in vivo canine model and explored its clinical usefulness. Methods The device for RL-VFI comprised a light source (light-emitting diode modules [10 W] of red color [650 nm]) and injectors (1.5 inches, 23 gauge). An adult male beagle was used for the experiment. After tracheostomy, a rigid laryngoscope was inserted and suspended to expose the larynx. A flexible naso-laryngoscopy system was used to visualize the vocal folds. Results RL-VFI was performed using various transcutaneous approaches, including the cricothyroid, transthyroid, and transhyoid approaches. Light guidance helped identify the path of the needle and prevent inadvertent penetration. The location of the needle tip was accurately indicated by the light. The illuminated needle could be easily placed at the intended points in the vocal fold with real-time visual-motor feedback. Hyaluronic acid could be simultaneously injected lateral to the vocal process under light guidance without manipulation of the device. Conclusion RL-VFI was found to be safe and feasible in an in vivo canine model, providing precise localization and visual-motor feedback. The clinical application of RL-VFI is expected to improve the safety and precision of VFI.

Ijarah mawsufah fi al-dhimmah (hereinafter referred to as IMAD), also known as forward ijarah¸ is an Islamic financial product that involves the sale of an identified asset currently being produced or constructed for a future delivery such as a property, office, factory, and so forth. In the classical fiqh literature, it has been discussed under the general purview of leasing and forward sale contracts. However, in the context of modern Islamic finance practice Islamic banks and financial institutions have upheld its usage as an independent financial instrument. The contemporary scholars claim that except for Hanafi, other key fiqh schools consider IMAD as an Islamic financial product. The study is an attempt to prove that such a claim is merely based on assumption. Besides, it is motivated by lack of holistic study of Hanafi’s original reference books. The methodology chosen for this study is content analysis of the relevant published literatures. The study finds that no classical scholars including those of Hanafi school of thought were in disagreement so far over the IMAD to consider it as an independent and standalone Islamic finance product. The study aims at reconciling scholars’ different views on the issue of IMAD for its wider acceptance.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of banking concentration on investment and economic growth for the Jordanian economy. It utilizes annual sample for the period between 1980 and 2018. The study examines the effectiveness of the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) hypothesis and the other Efficient-Structure (ES) hypothesis for the case of Jordan. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and cointegration tests are used and the results indicate to the appropriateness of the following econometric techniques: Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound test (ARDL), the fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and generalized methods of moments (GMM). The estimation results indicated to negative relationship between concentration index and both investment spending and the rate of real economic growth. The study recommended that the Central Bank of Jordan should continue to allow new banks to enter the banking market to reduce the impact of concentration as much as possible to achieve competitive gains in the Jordanian banking sector. Keywords: Banking Concentration, FMOLS, GMM, Investment, Economic Growth. JEL Classification: G210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.10891

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of foreign banks entry on the accounting Profits of the Jordanian commercial banks. Study sample included (18) banks and covering the period (1995-2015).The data was obtained from the bank’s annual financial reports. The study used an econometric model to measure the relationship between the economic variables; accounting profit, size, foreign entry, equity level, operating expenses and capital scarcity. Before the estimation process, the required econometrics tests were implemented to compare between the different models, including: panel least squares, fixed-effect model, random- effect model and Hausman test. The study finding presence redacted to appositive and statistically significance of the operational expenses on the accounting profit, and to presence is positive and significant impact of the foreign banks entry on the accounting profits of the Jordanian commercial banks, this effects came through developing the banking work and increasing the competition degree, and attracting technology, which contributed to motivate the Jordanian commercial banks and pushing them to develop their works and services to become compatible with the advanced foreign banks.Keywords commercial banks; foreign banks; accounting profiJEL Classifications: G21, M41

Background and Purpose: Several classical scholars who contributed to developing the theory of the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah are overlooked in the contemporary studies of maqāṣid. Most contemporary studies focused on al-Juwaynī, al-Ghazālī and al-Shāṭibī. However, studying a theory requires investigating all the classical works that pioneered the theory without discrimination. This could provide new insights for the study of maqāṣid. This paper addresses this oversight by reviewing the works of early maqāṣid scholars, how much attention contemporary studies have paid to those scholars’ contribution, and suggests directions for future research. Methodology: This study used the qualitative content analysis technique to identify the scholars who contributed to the theory of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah via a thorough reading of the history of the maqāṣid alsharī ʿah as found in contemporary literature. To trace the available studies conducted on the classical scholars and gaps in the literature, the researchers examined the catalogues, indexes, and lists collected. This study encompassed scholars who lived between the 2nd and 13th centuries when the philosophy of the maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah evolved. Findings: The theorisation of maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah was initiated by al-ʿĀmirī, formalised by al-Juwaynī followed by al-Ghazālī and crystallised by al-Shāṭibī. Moreover, several other scholars contributed to the development of the theory even though they did not document their works as books. Nonetheless, most contemporary studies are confined to studying the works of the famous three scholars mentioned earlier. Contributions: It is expected that the research gap identified in this paper pertaining to studying the works of classical maqāṣid scholars may serve as a springboard for future studies in this field. Most importantly, investigating the works of Imām Abū Ḥanīfah, al-Rāghib al-Aṣfahānī, Abū Zayd al-Balakhī, Abū Bakr al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Abul Ḥasan Al-ʿĀmirī, al-Qāḍī ʿAbdul Jabbār al-Hamadhānī, Abū ‘Abdullāh Muḥammad ʿAbdur Raḥmān al-Bokhari, Ibn Khaldūn and al-Shawkānī may offer fresh perspectives on the understanding of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodetectors that can operate over a wide range of temperatures, from cryogenic to elevated temperatures, are crucial for a variety of modern scientific fields, including aerospace, high-energy science, and astro-particle science. In this study, we investigate the temperature-dependent photodetection properties of titanium trisulfide (TiS3)- in order to develop high-performance photodetectors that can operate across a wide range of temperatures (77 K–543 K). We fabricate a solid-state photodetector using the dielectrophoresis technique, which demonstrates a quick response (response/recovery time ~0.093 s) and high performance over a wide range of temperatures. Specifically, the photodetector exhibits a very high photocurrent (6.95 × 10−5 A), photoresponsivity (1.624 × 108 A/W), quantum efficiency (3.3 × 108 A/W·nm), and detectivity (4.328 × 1015 Jones) for a 617 nm wavelength of light with a very weak intensity (~1.0 × 10−5 W/cm2). The developed photodetector also shows a very high device ON/OFF ratio (~32). Prior to fabrication, the TiS3 nanoribbons were synthesized using the chemical vapor technique and characterized according to their morphology, structure, stability, and electronic and optoelectronic properties; this was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a UV–Visible–NIR spectrophotometer. We anticipate that this novel solid-state photodetector will have broad applications in modern optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studying and formulating of the generalized maximum fuzzy entropy methods for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy is the focus of this manuscript. The methods were constructed by finding two generalized maximum fuzzy entropy distributions as MinMaxFE and MaxMaxFE, which gives the least and the greatest values of the entropy based on membership function values. We define the optimization problem and study the existence of the solution subject to moment constraints through Lagrange multiplier method. Real life application of data sets in medical fields and in image processing is studied to show whether the developed method can be applied successfully in fuzzy data analysis, and the performance of these distributions is measured using chi-square, RMSE, MFE criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article, "Making Place for Muslims in Contemporary India" by Kalyani Devaki Menon, explores the experiences of Muslim residents in Old Delhi and how they navigate their circumstances to establish a sense of place. The study examines how Muslims engage with historical memories and current encounters to negotiate opportunities in an uncertain political economy. It also highlights the challenges faced by Indian Muslims, including social and economic marginalization, Islamophobic prejudices, and discrimination. The article emphasizes the intersectionality of Muslim women's identities and how they navigate various roles and challenges within their communities. Overall, the study sheds light on the complex dynamics of place-making and the impact of external factors on Muslim communities in India. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, a new generalization of one parameter Lindely distribution is proposed. The new distribution is a mixture distribution of Gamma distributions with fixed scale parameter and variable shape parameter. The distribution is called 'GOLD Distribution' as it is a generalization for several distributions such as exponential, Lindely, Sujatha, Amarendra, Devya and Shambhu distributions. The probability density and cumulative density functions are derived. Also, the statistical properties of the GOLD distribution are discussed. Parameter estimation using the maximum likelihood and the method of moments are given. Moreover, an illustration of the usefulness of the GOLD distribution in survival data analysis is discussed based on a real lifetime data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constitution of India. When the Supreme Court decides a lis, it not only decide for the parties to the case but also declares the law on a question that it decides to answer. There are only twenty-four reported decisions delivered by the Supreme Court in the last 72 years on the copyright law. Number of decisions per year is not even one. On an average, the Supreme Court has decided. 33 case in a year; or one copyright case in 1104.58 days; or in 3.02 years. These decisions of the Supreme Court on the copyright law are just double of the number of decisions on the patent law. A review of decisions on copyright law from 28 January 1950 to 28 August 2022, reveals that: (i) only in 20 decisions, the Supreme Court has declared copyright law which include 4 decisions from 20th century and 16 decisions from 21st century; (ii) the validity of The Copyright Act, 1957, was not challenged in any decision; (iii) only one case from the decision of theHigh Court involving the constitutionality of Rule 29 (4) of The Copyright Rules, 2013 where the High Court re-drafted the Rule, reached to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court held the re-drafting by the High Court as unwarranted and shown deference to the legislative wisdom; (iv) No Constitution Bench or Single Bench decision is reported; (v) no Chief Justice of India was on the bench in any copyright decision; (vi) only 4 judges authored their separate but concurring judgments (3 from 20th century and 1 from 21st century) and no dissenting judgment was delivered; (vii) the Court has unanimpously answered the questions of copyright law; and (viii) only some of the questions of copyright law have been answered unambiguously and unequivovally by the Supreme Court but some of the questions have been left open by the Court. This Paper seeks to cull out the principles of copyright law as declared by the Supreme Court in the last 72 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent works on Available Bit Rate (ABR) traffic control have generated efficient control schemes for ABR traffic on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network. This study examines the improved performance envisaged if these control schemes adjust dynamically to the varying ABR bandwidth capacity in a stochastic manner instead of conventional deterministic approach. The performance difference between setting explicit rate deterministically for transmitting ABR sources and doing the same stochastically using a learning automaton is of particular interest. The learning automaton used is the Stochastic Estimator Learning Automaton (SELA). The performance difference is measured by comparing the congestion levels of the SELA-based control scheme with the reference deterministic control mechanism. Simulation results show that the stochastic estimator gives a better performance. The higher average congestion level experienced by the conventional deterministic approach is mainly due to the propagation time delay in the closed-loop feedback control schemes. Key words: Learning algorithm and training, network, application control, deterministic, estimation, performance evaluation, simulation, network architecture, feedback control, propagation-time, stochastic control, random sampling, equation, reinforcement learning, convergence time, robust, INTRODUCTION A challenging task of network technologies in the last decade has been to integrate multiple types of service over a single network. The Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN), [...]

This study presents a technique for improving the quality of service (QoS ) guarantee in an ATM network. In the proposed model, it was assumed that high priority traffic have been allocated a switch resource to guarantee a given QoS and low priority cells are allowed to enter the buffer, to improve the exploitation of reserved resources. The proposed technique was backed up with an exact analytical model for evaluating the cell loss probability of high and low priority cells. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated using C++ programming language. The results of the simulation shows that the loss probability of both high and low cells reduces as the buffer capacity increase and that the performance of high priority cell is better than that of low priority cell. Key words: ATM, QoS, CS/GR, traffic shaper, CBR, VBR, networks architecture, ATM, INTRODUCTION ATM Network is a technology that combines the flexibility of the Internet with the per-user quality of service guarantees of the telephone networks (4). In ATM networks, cells are [...]