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Interviews are the privileged tool for carrying out qualitative research and clinical assessments on family relationships. Nevertheless, there are limited examples of interviews in clinical and psychosocial literature that are explicitly aimed at the evaluation of relational-family constructs. This paper presents the essential characteristics of the Clinical Generational Interview (CGI): an original tool for investigating and evaluating family relationships, that aims to combine the complexity of the subject being studied with the systematic and rigorous approach. It was created according to the following criteria: a flexible qualitative approach, the production and relational reading of information, intersubjective measurability and control of the inferential/interpretative process, and clinical use. Although it is organized in a structured and well-defined form and provides a precise system for encoding information, it is not a test, nor an algorithm that can be used in a mechanically diagnostic sense; it is a very versatile psychological tool that can be used in two different areas: the first is related to clinical research on family and couple relationships, the second to relational assessments. The contribution illustrates the path of construction and elaboration of the instrument, considering first of all its theoretical foundations and the constructs derived from them and around which the set of items is organized. The criteria for coding and analyzing the information thus produced and the different possible areas of application are then described. Finally, the theoretical and methodological characteristics of the instrument are also considered in relation to the main interviews in the literature in order to highlight differential particularities.

The Family Life Space (FLS) is a graphic instrument that may aid the relational assessment of families. This interactive instrument involves all members of the family in a joint task, that of collectively making a drawing of their own family system and it allows the gathering of information related to the overall family organization. The FLS was originally conceived by Danuta Mostwin in the early 70s and used as an instrument for clinical intervention. After having been applied to several contexts, the present contribution aims at presenting the key indicators to use the instrument as a tool for assessing family relations. Specifically, the characteristics of the instrument that allow the gathering of relevant information at the individual, relational, and family level will be outlined. For each of these levels, the data regarding the quantity and quality of the elements in the drawing that define the family space (i.e., the number and graphic quality of the actual elements in the drawing) as well the quantity and quality of the relationships among family members and with their community at large (i.e., the number and type of lines connecting the various elements in the drawing) will be presented. The instrument can therefore provide useful insights on the following constructs: quality of life, power dynamics within the family, feelings of belonging, closeness and/or distance as well as conflict or acknowledgement between family members and the overall attitude family members have toward their context and the critical events they had to face. The application and complete potential of the instrument are further elaborated upon through the presentation of a clinical case. This case not only aids in comprehending the tool's usage but also enables the collection of psychological information about the family and provides a clinical interpretation of family relationships.

The aim of the present investigation is to explore the influence of deafness condition on the identity development of 10 deaf adolescents who use Italian Sign Language as their elective mode of communication. During the administration of 10 semi-structured interviews, the following areas were explored: the telling of oneʼs life story, self-image, fantasies about the future, and perceptions of prejudice about deafness. The content analysis made it possible to define the identity profile of each subject. The participants could then be clustered into three different typological groups according to the way they narrated themselves and imagined their future. The results indicate how the use of sign language as a prevalent or exclusive communicative mode is associated in contrasting terms with identity development: on the one hand, it appears to be a resource, in that it constitutes an enhancement of the deaf condition but, at the same time, represents a limitation to the development of social relationships. Moderating elements of this association appear to be the type of school attended and the presence of other deaf individuals in the family.

Le famiglie migranti spesso presentano condizioni di salute peggiori rispetto a quelle degli autoctoni, a causa delle difficoltà di accesso e di engagement nei servizi sanitari. I bambini provenienti da contesti migratori che presentano un disturbo dello spettro autistico (ASD) sono in genere diagnosticati in età più avanzata rispetto ai bambini autoctoni e quelli i cui genitori non parlano adeguatamente la lingua del Paese ospitante ricevono meno attenzione e meno possibilità di cura. Lo studio mira a identificare gli ostacoli principali che impediscono alle famiglie immigrate con un bambino autistico di accedere ai servizi sanitari. Sono stati intervistati 36 genitori di bambini con ASD, immigrati in Italia da più di 8 anni. Le principali difficoltà rilevate includono la mancata conoscenza della lingua italiana, una limitata alfabetizzazione sanitaria e incomprensioni nell’implementazione di pratiche educative utili al figlio, a causa della diversa tradizione culturale di appartenenza., Migrant families often have worse health conditions due to difficulties in access and engagement in healthcare services. Children from migrant backgrounds with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are typically diagnosed at a later age than non-migrante children, and those whose parents do not adequately speak the language of the host country receive less attention and fewer treatment options. The study aims to identify the main barriers that prevent immigrant families with an autistic child from accessing health services. We interviewed 36 parents of children with ASD who have been living in Italy for more than 8 years. The main difficulties noted include lack of knowledge of the Italian language, limited health literacy, and misunderstandings in the implementation of educational practices that are useful to their child, due to their different cultural backgrounds.

Il “Gruppo di Parola” è un intervento di gruppo per figli di genitori separati attivo in Italia a partire dal 2005. Si tratta di un percorso breve, preventivo e di supporto rivolto a bambini in età scolare (6-12 anni) e adolescenziale (13-17 anni). Il presente contributo si è proposto di indagare i fondamenti teorici dell’intervento entro una prospettiva etnografica focalizzata. Lo studio ha coinvolto 12 operatori che avevano concluso la loro formazione almeno due anni prima della ricerca. Questi ultimi sono stati intervistati e sulle trascrizioni verbatim è stata condotta un’analisi di contenuto. In particolare, è stata condotta un’analisi qualitativa di contenuto (QRS*NVivo) e successivamente un’analisi tematica dei contesti elementari (T-Lab) entro una prospettiva multimetodologica. Le analisi hanno mostrato una presenza di quattro cluster tematici, che illustrano come l’intervento si fondi sia su elementi teorici (i riferimenti teorici e concettuali), sia su elementi pratici (la tipologia di conduzione, il valore del gruppo, l’utilizzo particolare delle parole dei partecipanti) entro una prospettiva integrata.

Il testo presenta l’attività della Fondazione “Pio Istituto Pavoni”, che da molti anni opera nel territorio bresciano, progettando e realizzando interventi a favore dell’inclusione scolastica dei sordi e sostenendo le loro famiglie. Attraverso una prolungata collaborazione con l’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, la Fondazione ha messo a punto e sperimentato un approccio innovativo all’inclusione scolastica che, in una prospettiva multidisciplinare e basata su una lettura sociale e relazionale della condizione di disabilità, supera il vecchio paradigma deficit-oriented, adottando invece una logica di empowerment e di integrazione delle risorse in campo

Il testo presenta l’attività della Fondazione “Pio Istituto Pavoni”, che da molti anni opera nel territorio bresciano, progettando e realizzando interventi a favore dell’inclusione scolastica dei sordi e sostenendo le loro famiglie. Attraverso una prolungata collaborazione con l’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, la Fondazione ha messo a punto e sperimentato un approccio innovativo all’inclusione scolastica che, in una prospettiva multidisciplinare e basata su una lettura sociale e relazionale della condizione di disabilità, supera il vecchio paradigma deficit-oriented, adottando invece una logica di empowerment e di integrazione delle risorse in campo

Il Gruppo di Parola per figli di genitori separati è un intervento breve digruppo, preventivo e di supporto pensato per promuovere le risorse e ilbenessere dei singoli partecipanti sia in termini individuali, sia a livellorelazionale e familiare. In letteratura scarsi sono gli studi volti ad analizzarequesto intervento dal punto di vista del processo. Il presente contributo sioccupa di analizzare una fase specifica del percorso, la fase di accoglienzadurante il primo incontro, al fine di identificare alcune trasversalità negli scambiinterattivi tali da permettere di configurare veri e propri pattern. Sono staticonsiderati tre differenti Gruppi di Parola, condotti nel medesimo contesto(Servizio per le famiglie) e dai medesimi conduttori (bi-conduzione femminile). Il contributo illustra dettagliatamente il sistema di codifica costruito attraverso l’ausilio del software Transana e le analisi confermano la presenza diconfigurazioni interattive trasversali ai tre Gruppi di Parola in esame. In particolare, connota l’intervento uno sguardo che prevede un’alternanza individuo/gruppo (che diventa soggetto della comunicazione con i conduttori).Inoltre, vengono identificati alcuni elementi di ritualità e micro-ritualità checaratterizzano la specifica fase dell’intervento oggetto di analisi.

Pregnancy and motherhood are events that present particular complexity for migrant women. A qualitative study was conducted on young migrant women in Italy regarding psychological well-being during pregnancy and the perinatal period. Eighteen focus groups were organized with mothers from Morocco, Egypt, Syria, and Tunisia. Analysis of the verbalizations revealed 4 main areas of need: the need for family support; coping with acculturation stress; anxiety about their own and their newborns’ health; and the search for life strategies for good child health. The results indicate the need to reduce the negative effect produced by social isolation and lack of family support, particularly through socializing activities with women of the same ethnic group, also aimed at reconciling traditional caregiving and Italian practices. Special attention should also be paid to depressive symptomatology, frequently already present in mothers before childbirth, as an expression of a failure to adapt to the new cultural context.

The Gruppo di Parola is an intervention group for children having separated parents used in Italy since 2005. It can be defined as a short, preventive and support program which is meant for school-age children (6-12 years old) as well as for teenagers (13-17 years old). The aim of the current study was to discover the theoretical underpinnings of the Italian Gruppi di Parola according to a focused ethnographic perspective. The study involved 12 workers who have concluded their training at least two years before the research. They were interviewed and content analysis were conducted on their verbatim transcription. In particular, the qualitative analysis of the content (QRS*NVivo) and the thematic analysis of the elementary contexts (T-Lab) were done in a multimethodological perspective. Our analysis demonstrates the ultimate presence of four thematic clusters showing that the intervention is rooted in both theoretical elements (the theoretical and conceptual references) as well as in more practical ones (the way of leadership, the value of the group, the particular «use» of the words of participants) within an integrative perspective.

The Gruppo di Parola for children having separated parents is a short, preventive and support intervention aiming at promoting the resources and the well-being of participants both in individual terms as well as in the relational and familiar ones. In the scientific literature few contributions analyze this intervention from the process' point of view. This paper focuses on a specific phase of the path during the first meeting - called "opening phase". The aim is to identify some common elements in the interactive exchanges that allow the researcher to identify patterns of interaction. Three different Gruppi di Parola were considered, conducted in the same context (Service for families) and by the same operators (two females). This paper illustrates in details the coding system developed with the aid of the Transana software. The analyses confirm the presence of interactive configurations common to the three Gruppi di Parola. In particular, the intervention is characterized by an involvement of participants through an individual level as well as a group level (the group becomes the subject). Some elements of processual rituality and micro-rituality are also identified.

The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is usually faced from a behavioural or organic point o view. Intending diseases as contextual entities and symptoms as compromise solutions, in this research ADHD diagnosis has been examined in relational perspective and with attention to sense-making, with reference to dynamic psychology as far as the symbolic function is concerned. The Emotional Text Analysis, applied to different stakeholders’ verbal production, has highlighted a sort of isomorphism common to recurrent ADHD symptoms and some peculiar traits of the familiar, therapeutic and cultural context. This occurrence encourages to ponder a possible ADHD system. Such phenomenon arguably involves the separation/individuation processes and the related splitting defence.

In this article we will present the Conjoint Family Drawing, a graphic-interactive tool developed to evaluate family relationships. This tool allows an analytical and clinical evaluation of families and their relationships while facilitating the understanding of the overall family functioning through a synthetic coding system which distinguishes families from each other. First of all, a presentation of the analytical coding system is provided; such system consists of a grid, formed by two distinct levels of observation: the analysis of the product, which, in turn focuses on two levels, the global-familiar one (given by the overall drawing) and the individual one (given the individual members' drawings), and the analysis of the drawing process (what happens during the realization of the drawing), which is made up of the observations of family interactions at the individual and group level. Consistently with our objectives and the theoretical and methodological literature on family drawing in its various forms and ways of implementation, 10 indicators for product analysis and 9 indicators for process analysis have been identified. A sample of 117 Conjoint Family Drawings was analyzed in order to verify the coding system's applicability and effectiveness. The sample was constituted according to a convenience (not probabilistic) criterion. Following, a computing system was developed to allow the investigation of the overall family functioning through three steps: (1) the analysis of the frequency distribution of each indicator, in order to verify the non-determinability rates and the distribution of the different answer options; (2) a two-step cluster analysis, to determine homogeneous groups of Conjoint Family Drawings and identify, within each cluster (and comparatively between the clusters), the indicators and answer modalities that mostly affect the clusters' aggregation itself; (3) the development of a synthetic system to code the Conjoint Family Drawing, beginning

The physical activity and sport are key elements for a healthy lifestyle. However, a little-investigated element is the presence of a possible relationship between school or academic performance and the participation in physical activity and sport in groups of preadolescents and adolescents. In order to clarify the complex relationship between mind and body in preadolescence and adolescence, the present discussion investigates the causal and direct relationship between sport activity and performance; and describes how this relationship can be mediated by the sense of self-esteem and self-efficacy; and investigates the relationship between group sports practice and school or academic performance.

In heterologous artificial insemination, the donation of gametes (either sperm or eggs) from a third person allows infertile and same-sex couples to become parents. Therefore, the child is genetically related to one parent, while the other parent is referred to as the social mother or father. This current single case study aimed at investigating this double access to parenthood in a lesbian couple who had two children after heterologous artificial insemination. In this couple, both women delivered one of the two children, so that each partner is either biological or social mother. The Clinical Generational Interview was used to assess the quality of family relationships, with a specific focus on three dimensions: the origins of each partner, the constitution of the couple, and the generational passage. Paper and pencil textual analysis was conducted following the principles of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and led to the identification of six dominant themes (and subthemes): (a) relationship with the family of origin; (b) couple relationship; (c) generational passage; (d) heterologous artificial insemination and “double motherhood”; (e) donor/biological father; and (f) children identity and the disclosure of their origin. This study’s findings revealed the importance of using research techniques aimed at in-depth exploration of this phenomenon consistently with the specificities of the new filiation forms. The adoption of a transgenerational perspective allows articulating conception coordinates with the history of the couple and each partner’s origins.

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This contribution illustrates the training evaluation system developed within the Master’s Program in Family and Community Mediation at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan. This is an interim evaluation which focuses on the training process and which considers the collaboration with the subjects of the training to be fundamental. The peculiarity of this work concerns the possibility of inserting research within the training process, following a logic of mutual enrichment both in terms of content and learning. The contribution illustrates in detail the outcome and the process evaluation system, defining the perspective, the objectives, and the methodology of implementation. In particular, the outcome evaluation focuses on the distal and proximal outcomes of the training, while the process analysis focuses on the dynamics within the group of participants. Preliminary findings from 33 participants highlighted that the majority of participants (19) have a “regular” profile, that is, they appreciate both the theoretical contents, as well as the practical activities proposed during the training program. As for the process, the findings showed the importance of reflexivity as a major factor of change. Although these findings are referred to the specific experience of a particular group, and so further evaluations involving different training groups and other training processes are needed, this training evaluation system sheds light on both the topic and the context in which training is delivered. The integration between different points of view and several levels of analysis allows the researchers to deepen the individual path of each participant as well as to obtain feedbacks on the progress of the training group as a whole and allows participants to better understand their contexts of work thanks to the use of reflexivity. This can guarantee a sustainable growth both at individual and interpersonal level.

Since 2011, the organisational and management process of the Italian Prison Administration has started to change. The Open section and Dynamic supervision measures introduced into the Italian penitentiary system, requires that all prison workers participate in the observation and treatment of the prisoners’ activities, carried out within a multidisciplinary perspective. This may imply a significant increase, in both the workload and possible sources of stress for prison workers and, therefore, hinder the organizational change. To enable the process of change, while monitoring the employees’ wellbeing, monthly multidisciplinary meetings have been planned, involving the ward staff of each prison. This study aims to both understand the impact of the organisational change on the employees of a prison in northern Italy and to explore the sustainability of the ward staff tool. Ten multidisciplinary meetings were analysed over a year, focusing on topics discussed within the group and relational positions assumed by the members. Content analysis has been per-formed through the T-LAB software, whereas the analysis of the interactive modalities has been carried out through the application of the Interaction Process Analysis grid. Results showed the group’s tendency to focus on the task, neglecting the relational dimension and moments of shared reflection related to the process. The study allows us to reflect on those aspects that may undermine the organisational and employee wellbeing and to assess the sustainability of a new organizational tool.

Il testo illustra e discute criticamente un’innovativa esperienza di lavoro psicoeducativo realizzata dalla cooperativa sociale Area in collaborazione con il Laboratorio di Psicologia dell’Università Cattolica e con l’USSM del Tribunale per i Minorenni di Brescia. L’intervento, ripetuto per tre anni successivi, ha coinvolto 30 minori autori di reato in Messa alla Prova. Con essi è stato realizzato un percorso di trekking therapy di una settimana attorno al lago di Garda, accompagnati da un’équipe multidisciplinare. L’attività è stata progettata in collaborazione con l’équipe dell’USSM che aveva in carico i minori e ha costituito una delle attività più significative dei percorsi di Messa alla Prova. È stata inoltre oggetto di un’approfondita ricerca valutativa, finalizzata non solo a misurarne l’impatto e l’efficacia, ma anche ad analizzare il processo di produrre una modellizzazione di questa pratica di intervento.

Il testo illustra e discute criticamente un’innovativa esperienza di lavoro psicoeducativo realizzata dalla cooperativa sociale Area in collaborazione con il Laboratorio di Psicologia dell’Università Cattolica e con l’USSM del Tribunale per i Minorenni di Brescia. L’intervento, ripetuto per tre anni successivi, ha coinvolto 30 minori autori di reato in Messa alla Prova. Con essi è stato realizzato un percorso di trekking therapy di una settimana attorno al lago di Garda, accompagnati da un’équipe multidisciplinare. L’attività è stata progettata in collaborazione con l’équipe dell’USSM che aveva in carico i minori e ha costituito una delle attività più significative dei percorsi di Messa alla Prova. È stata inoltre oggetto di un’approfondita ricerca valutativa, finalizzata non solo a misurarne l’impatto e l’efficacia, ma anche ad analizzare il processo di produrre una modellizzazione di questa pratica di intervento.

COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and promptly became a pandemic worldwide, endangering health and life but also causing mild-to-severe psychological distress to lots of people, including healthcare workers (HCWs). Several studies have already showed a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic symptoms in HCWs but less is known about the efficacy of psychological interventions for relieving their mental distress. The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the psychological adjustment of Italian HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) to investigate the efficacy of an expressive writing (EW) intervention, based on Pennebaker’s paradigmatic protocol, on their psychological adjustment; (3) to analyze if outcomes of EW vary in function of individual differences (age, gender, marital status, and baseline values of symptoms). Fifty-five HCWs were randomly assigned to one of two writing conditions: EW (n = 30) or neutral writing (NW; n = 25). Psychological adjustment (in terms of ptsd, depression and global psychopathology’s symptoms, perceived social support, and resilience) was assessed before and after three writing sessions. Participants who received the EW intervention showed higher improvements in ptsd, depression, and global psychopathology symptoms. Improvements in EW group varied in function of age, gender, marital status, and baseline values: young, men, married participants and those who had higher baseline scores showed a higher reduction of psychological distress symptoms while women, single and those who had lower baseline value showed increased social support, and resilience. In conclusion, the EW intervention had positive effects which varied in function of individual differences on HCWs’ psychological health.

Cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is a rare event. The most common type of malignancy diagnosed in pregnant women is breast cancer, whose incidence is expected to raise in the next future due to delayed childbirth, as well as to the increased occurrence of the disease at young age. Pregnant women diagnosed with breast cancer are exposed to multiple sources of stress, which may lead to poorer obstetric outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. In addition, pregnancy involves physiological changes in the breasts that may blur the signs of cancer, with delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. However, the lived experience of these women was investigated in very few studies. Given this scenario, we conducted this qualitative study to describe and understand women's subjective experience of being diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy. The study was conducted following the principles of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Participants were five women with breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, purposefully recruited at a public hospital during medical visits and interviewed at treatment initiation. The interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. The textual analysis led to the identification of three main themes related to: (1) the emotional storm experienced after cancer diagnosis, and the importance of receiving appropriate information and being focused on treatment decisions; (2) physical changes and comparisons with healthy women, associated with feelings of sadness and inadequacy; (3) being positive, feeling free to disclose all kinds of emotions, religion and spirituality as sources of strength. The paradoxical coexistence of pregnancy and cancer represents a stressful experience for women and their loved ones. Adopting a systemic perspective may be important to understand the effects of such a complex condition, also considering its impact on healthcare workers.

La ricerca psicologica, clinica e psicosociale, sulla relazione di coppia ha riscontrato negli ultimi decenni un crescente interesse ed ha prodotto acquisizioni consolidate circa la specificità dell’oggetto di studio. Tale specificità si estrinseca attraverso l’elaborazione e l’utilizzo di appositi cos trutti, necessari per procedere ad un’operazionalizzazione empirica delle differenti concettualizzazioni della realtà della coppia e dei corrispondenti strumenti di indagine e di valutazione. Costrutti e strumenti che, naturalmente, prendono senso anche in relazione ai paradigmi teorici all’interno dei quali vengono elaborati e in relazione agli interrogativi che la fenomenologia clinica propone.

Change has always been a delicate and complex process for people, groups, and organizations that experience it. This work, starting with a reorganization process that involved a Lombard penitentiary, analyzes resistance to change in a group of 15 supervisors and their evolution throughout a training program in which they participated. The purpose of this study is to carry out an exploratory investigation of the role of the group in training, as an instrument capable of accompanying and helping to evolve resistance to change. In order to understand whether and how the temporary micro-organization created during the training was able to help the subjects to deal with emerging defenses triggered by the change process, an analysis was done of the written content of the transcripts of seven training sessions. The analysis made it possible to highlight some types of resistance in the group like shifting the problems, individual understandings of the problems, the preponderance of complaints, and the messianic expectation of a management figure deciding how to intervene. The evolution of the training program, through specific activities and actions implemented by the instructor, allowed the group to make a progressive step toward freeing the project mindset and a more active and proactive attitude. The resistance was welcomed and supported, providing a way for emotions (frustration, anger, tiredness, etc.) to be expressed in words and to be released and then leave space for a new group project mindset.

Intimate partner violence is defined by the World Health Organization as "any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm to those in the relationship" and it refers to a specific relationship dynamic. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have focused on this phenomenon, considering its exponential growth over time. Many studies have focused on risk factors for violence within the couple relationship. This paper specifically analyses the association between violence and separation or divorce. Although many interventions have been developed over the years, the effectiveness of extant interventions on violent behaviors is not yet empirically supported. Since clinical experience allows to affirm that both partners can be involved in treatment for intimate partner violence especially during mandated proceedings, the present study focuses on domestic violence in separated couples involved in a child custody evaluation process. In this case, literature supports the need for individualized assessment in order to promote the best intervention according to the specific conditions of each partner, whether the battered one or the perpetrator. However, little research has been done on child custody evaluation in the presence of violent couples. The aim of the present study is to present a model of couple clinical intervention with a separated violent couple in the context of a child custody evaluation. This model can be defined as relational-intergenerational and its main aim is to understand the exchange between familial generations and to search for factors that safeguard and care for family relations. Furthermore, according also to the therapeutic assessment approach, there is an intrinsic connection between assessment and "family transformative potential." This paper presents the specific working methodology underlying this model, through the description of a single clinical case. In particular, the proposed mod

Il contributo illustra i risultati di una ricerca valutativa - di outcome e di processo - sull'attività realizzata presso un servizio di mediazione penale minorile.

Il contributo illustra, attraverso la presentazione di un caso clinico, l'uso all'interno di un processo di assessment relazionale dell'Intervista Clinica Generazionale.: uno strumento di indagine e valutazione delle relazioni familiari costruita attorno al costrutto della generatività e che cerca di coniugare il rispetto della complessità dell'oggetto di studio con la sistematicità ed il rigore propri di uno stumento diagnostico e di ricerca.

Il contributo presenta le caratteristiche dell'analisi metrica del Family LIfe Space. Si tratta di uno strumento interazionale e sigrafico-simbolico particolarmente sintonico con le caratteristiche di un assessment relazoinale del funzionamento familiare