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Author(s): Shilpi Khare [1]; Advait S. Nagle [1]; Agnes Biggart [1]; Yin H. Lai [1]; Fang Liang [1]; Lauren C. Davis [1]; S. Whitney Barnes [1]; Casey J. N. Mathison [...]

Objectives: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compromises bone health purportedly due to lower levels of physical activity. The potential of an exercise intervention to improve bone health parameters in adolescents with DCD has not previously been studied. This study thus aimed to determine the impact of a multimodal exercise intervention on bone health in this population at-risk of secondary osteoporosis., Methods: Twenty-eight adolescents (17 male, 11 female) aged between 12-17 years (M age =14.1) with DCD participated in a twice weekly, 13-week generalised multimodal exercise intervention. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans of the tibia (4% and 66%) were performed over a six month period. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine the impact of fitness measures on bone parameters over time., Results: An overall improvement trend was observed for bone health, with significant increases at the 66% tibial site for bone mass (4.12% increase, d cohen =0.23, p=0.010) and cortical area (5.42% increase, η 2 =12.09, p=0.014). Lower body fitness measures were significantly associated with improvements in bone health parameters, tempered by the degree of motor impairment., Conclusion: A multimodal exercise intervention may be effective in improving bone health of adolescents with DCD. Given the impact of motor impairments, gains may be greater over an extended period of study., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of a history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with type 2 diabetes (DM2) and to compare metabolic and reproductive outcomes between women with and without PCOS., Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting: Tertiary hospital., Patient(s): Female inpatients age 18-75 years with DM2., Intervention(s): A face-to-face questionnaire was administered., Main Outcome Measure(s): Age at diagnosis of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, family history of diabetes, and reproductive history, fertility history, number of miscarriages, and morbidity in pregnancy., Result(s): One hundred seventy-one inpatients with DM2 participated. The prevalence of a history of PCOS was 37%. Women with PCOS had an earlier mean age of diagnosis of DM2 (44.2 vs. 48.8 years), higher recalled peak body mass index (BMI; 43.1 kg/m 2 vs. 36.8 kg/m 2 ), higher rate of gestational diabetes (28% vs. 18%), and higher rate of hypertension in pregnancy (40% vs. 22%). Women with PCOS were less likely to have a family history of DM2 than those without PCOS (45% vs. 67%)., Conclusion(s): A history of PCOS in women with DM2 is associated with earlier onset of DM2, higher BMI, and a more severe phenotype. Since PCOS subjects were less likely to have a family history of DM2, lack of a family history of DM2 in women with PCOS is not reassuring for DM2 risk. We recommend identifying PCOS in early life and intervening to reduce the risk of diabetes and its comorbidities and suboptimal reproductive outcomes., (Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)