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Probiotics as dietary additives can improve weight gain, feed efficiency, and disease resistance in cultured fish. In this research, we evaluated and compared the effects of Bacillus subtilis on immunity, mucosal tissue morphology, immune-related gene transcriptions, and intestinal microbiota in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by a 30-day feeding experiment based on a continuous feeding schedule (E1) and a discontinuous feeding schedule (E2). As a result, the use of B. subtilis exerted the best positive effects on survival rate, enzyme activity, mucosal tissue morphology, immune-related gene transcriptions, and intestinal microbiota in flounders. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver of E2 were higher than those of E1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the villi length in the intestinal tract and the fold length in the stomach of E2 were also higher than in E1 (P < 0.05). The il-1 expression levels in the spleen were significantly increased in E2 (P < 0.05) compared to E1. We performed 16 S rRNA sequencing analysis to find that Bacillus in E1 (1.06%) and E2 (1.01%) had higher relative abundances than in E0 (0.053%) at the end of the experiments, indicating that short-term application of B. subtilis with the continuous or discontinuous feeding method can allow both the adaptation of the ecosystem to the presence of probiotics by the establishment of new species in the gut microbiota and the ability these new probiotic species to perform corresponding functions. No significant differences in the ability of probiotic establishment were observed between E1 and E2. Our findings provided a unique perspective to explore the mechanism of immune enhancement with probiotics and to screen the optimal administration strategy in aquaculture application for probiotic use. Together, these results point to some level of enhancement in immune status by continuous and discontinuous feeding after a short-term feeding period, which could be used as a prophylactic strategy for flounder health management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrio anguillarum is an important fish pathogen in mariculture, which can infect fish with great economic losses. In this study, a Vibrio anguillarum isolated from Sebastes schlegelii was named VA1 and was identified and characterized from aspects of morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16SRNA, virulence genes, drug sensitivity, and extracellular enzyme activity. At the same time, The VA1 was investigated at the genomic level. The results showed that a Gram-negative was isolated from the diseased fish. The VA1 was characterized with uneven surface and visible flagella wrapped in a sheath and microbubble structures. The VA1 was identified as Vibrio anguillarum based on the 16S RNA sequence and physiological and biochemical characteristics. The VA1 carried most of the virulence genes (24/29) and was resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, cefradine, neomycin, pipemidic acid, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin. The pathogenicity of the isolated strain was confirmed by an experimental analysis, and its LD50 was 6.43 × 106 CFU/ml. The VA1 had the ability to secrete gelatinase, protease, and amylase, and it had α-hemolysis. The whole genome size of the VA1 was 4232328bp and the G + C content was 44.95 %, consisting of two circular chromosomes, Chromosome1 and Chromosome2, with no plasmid. There were 1006 predicted protein coding sequences (CDSs). A total of 526 genes were predicted as virulence-related genes which could be classified as type IV pili, flagella, hemolysin, siderophore, and type VI secretion system. Virulence genes and correlation data were supported with the histopathological examination of the affected organs and tissues. 194 genes were predicted as antibiotic resistance genes, including fluoroquinolone antibiotic, aminoglycoside antibiotic, and beta-lactam resistant genes, which agreed with the results of the above drug sensitivity, indicating VA1 to be a multidrug-resistant bacterium. This study provided a theoretical basis for a better understanding of pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, which might contribute to the prevention of V. anguillarum in the future. • A Vibrio anguillarum isolated from Sebastes schlegelii was named VA1, and VA1 had the ability to secrete gelatinase, protease, and amylase, and it had α-hemolysis. • The whole genome showed VA1 had 526 predicted virulence-related genes and 194 predicted antibiotic resistance genes. • VA1 to be a multidrug-resistant bacterium. Virulence genes and correlation data were supported with the histopathological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimode luminescence is usually stimulated by various external stimuli in response to photon emission and is applied in various anti‐counterfeiting and encryption fields. However, integrating multimode luminescence into a single stable material, and how to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between temperature light and force light remains a challenge. In this work, LiNbO3:Er3+/Pr3+ microcrystals that can respond to X‐ray, UV light, temperature, and stress stimuli are developed. The temperature‐dependent upconversion emission spectra show a maximum relative sensitivity of 0.889% K−1 based on the intensity ratio. Meanwhile, the mechanoluminescence around 618 nm with a linear relationship is observed with the increase of force. These materials illustrate strong static and dynamic luminescence that can be manipulated in space and time dimensions, which provides new ideas in the field of anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disulfidptosis is a novel form of cell death, whose modulation in tumor cells may present a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, the role of disulfidptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains poorly elucidated. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLs) and reveal their relationship to the immune microenvironment of NSCLC. DRLs were identified through co-expression analysis of NSCLC transcriptomic data obtained from the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) data portal. The DRLs prognostic signature (DRLPS) was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses. Samples were separated into high-DS and low-DS groups based on the median disulfidptosis score (DS) of DRLPS. Integrated analyses were then implemented to unveil the association between DRLs and NSCLC microenvironment. These involved the evaluation of functional enrichments, immune cell infiltrations, genetic alterations, and drug sensitivity. A prognostic signature was developed based on six prognostic DRLs, which are AL606489.1, LINC00857, AP003555.1, AP000695.1, AC113346.1, and LINC01615. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated the significant association between DRLPS and NSCLC prognosis. The functional enrichment assessment revealed the pivotal involvement of DRLs in immune regulation and metabolism in NSCLC. The low-DS and high-DS subgroups of NSCLC patients exhibited distinct differences in terms of immune infiltration and tumor mutation burden. The potential to predict immunotherapy benefit and drug sensitivity in NSCLC treatments was observed in DRLPS. In this study, disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs were identified and their roles in NSCLC were revealed. A novel prognostic signature with the potential to predict drug response in NSCLC treatment was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immersion vaccination is dependent on the response of fish mucosa-associated tissues. Herein, javelin goby Synechogobius hasta was immersed with Vibrio vulnificus bacterin to investigate mucosal and humoral immune responses post-vaccination. The results showed that the specific serum antibody titers gradually increased after vaccination and peaked at day 21, while the mucosal antibody titers in the gill, skin, and intestine showed a faster response, with the peak time at days 3, 5, and 7, respectively. For antigen uptake, a rapid and significant enhancement was detected in the mucosa-associated tissues (gill, skin, and intestine) compared with the blood, spleen, kidney, and liver (P < 0.05). Antigen uptake levels in the gills and skin were peaked at 12 h post-immersion and were significantly higher than other tissues (P < 0.05). The histological results showed that the mucous cell numbers in mucosa-associated tissues increased over time, peaked at day 3 post-immunization, and then decreased to the level of the control groups. Additionally, the mucin components in mucosa-associated tissues shifted from neutral mucopolysaccharide to acidic mucopolysaccharide. Integrations of antibody titers, antigen uptake in mucosa-associated tissues, mucous cell number changes, and mucin characteristic changes provided valuable information for research on mucosal immunity in fish. All present findings suggest a major advantage of immersion vaccines to elicit a high level of local immune response, making immersion vaccines an ideal mode of inoculation that induces protective immunity against a variety of pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is a marine fish with high financial value; however, the frequent occurrence of bacterial diseases has caused a production decline and economic losses. This study found that hyperemia, hemorrhage, and ascites were common in S. schlegelii during the V. parahaemolyticus infection. Inflammation, degeneration, and necrosis in the liver could be observed. The epithelial mucosal integrity, the intestine epidermis thickness, the villus heights, and the number of mucous cells in the intestine were decreased after infection. Apparent differences in most of the hematological parameters between the two groups were observed, such as the corpuscular volume (CV) and NaCl concentrations of the beginning hemolysis were decreased remarkably (P < 0.01) after infecting with V. parahaemolyticus. However, the white blood cell count (WBC), lysozyme (LZM), malondialdehyde (MDA), K+, Cl−, and Ca2+ were increased significantly (P < 0.01) after infection. In addition, the mRNA expressions in four tissues (gills, liver, blood, spleen) of eleven immune-related genes were investigated. The results showed that C1r, C1s, and C1inh expression varied considerably among tissues. Caspase 10 expression was reduced in four tissues after infection, but MyD88, TNF receptor, TNF-α, BAFF, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 showed increased expression profiles within 24 h after infection. In particular, IL-1β expression in the liver and spleen increased 123.67 and 104.94-fold at 6 hpi, respectively. Therefore, in addition to pathology, the hematological detection and gene expression profiles could be used in the evaluation of healthy status in fish, and this study provided a preliminary basis for the diagnosis of S. schlegelii infecting with V. parahaemolyticus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the physiological and immune responses of Sebastes schlegelii to the water-soluble fraction of diesel oil (WSD), S. schlegelii were used as the experimental objects to study the effect of WSD on the sera biochemical indicators, histological changes, and immune responses. Significant differences in sera biochemical indicators were observed in S. schlegelii after WSD exposure. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose (GLU), and globulin (GLB) were reduced by 3.51-fold, 3.12- fold, and 1.58-fold, respectively; however, K+ was increased by 3.55-fold. The results of HE staining showed that interstitial congestion was observed in the liver; the secondary lamellae deformity and hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, the primary lamellae hyperplasia, and aneurism were observed in the gill. Epidermis thickness increased, and epidermal hyperplasia in the skin was shown. The length of the secondary lamellae shortened significantly after WSD exposure. The results of AB-PAS staining showed that three different types of mucous cells were observed in the gill, and a significant increase in the number of all three types of mucous cells was observed after WSD exposure (P < 0.05). In addition, the results of the relative mRNA expressions in the liver of eleven immune-related genes showed that the relative expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF receptor, BAFF, C1s, C1r, and MyD88 in the WSD group were substantially higher than those in the LPS group (P < 0.05), and the relative expression of caspase 10 was significantly lower than that in the LPS group (P < 0.05). At the same time, no significant differences were observed in the relative expression levels of IL-1, TNFα, and C1inh between the two groups (P > 0.05). This study was expected to provide essential data for health assessments of S. schlegelii and establish the foundation for the immune-related researches of S. schlegelii after WSD exposure. • WSD negatively affected the sera biochemical indices, gill and skin integrity, and immune response in S. schlegelii. • Tissue incompleteness and immune disturbance of fish exposed to WSD may allow the pathogens to more easily entry. • It is necessary to accurately interpret the effects of WSD on the immune system of fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]