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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in daily life for their antibacterial properties, but their low stability and high cytotoxicity hamper practical applications. In this work, sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (NA-rGO) was used as a substrate for AgNPs to produce a AgNP-NA-rGO hybrid. This hybrid showed substantially higher antibacterial activity than polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)-stabilized AgNPs, and the AgNPs on NA-rGO were more stable than the AgNPs on PVP, resulting in long-term antibacterial effects. More importantly, this hybrid showed excellent water solubility and low cytotoxicity, suggesting the great potential application as sprayable reduced graphene oxide based antibacterial solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: π stacking and water-solubility of methyl blue (MB) are expected to facilitate the hydrazine mediated reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous environment. Our newly obtained MB-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (MB-rGO) exhibited excellent solubility and stability in water. The results showed that the MB molecules stacked non-covalently onto the basal plane of rGO while the sulfo groups of MB prevented the rGO from aggregation. In addition, the better electrical conductivity of MB-rGO than that of GO was analyzed. This novel conductive MB-rGO should have promising applications in diverse nanotechnological areas, such as electronic and optoelectronic devices, photovoltaics, sensors, and microfabrication. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A simple solvothermal method has been used to synthesize highly graphitized lace-like carbon (GLC) using ethanol as the carbon source and Mg as reducing agent. The GLC is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The GLC synthesized at optimized conditions shows interlaced structure with an average thickness of 3nm. Platinum on GLC electrocatalysts were prepared for methanol oxidation in acidic media for the first time. They show extremely higher activity for methanol oxidation compared to Pt/C electrocatalyst for the same Pt loadings. GLCs act as structural units to form mesopores and channels in the catalyst layers, which lead to the increase of the electrochemical active surface area and improvement in the mass transport by reducing the liquid sealing effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The conductivity of research salts has been studied in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 298 K. The experimental results indicate that La(ClO4)3 has strong electrolyte property in DMSO. Cyclic voltammetry is used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of La3+ ion in the 2.5×10−3 mol L−1 La(ClO4)3–7.5×10−2 mol L−1 LiClO4-DMSO system on a Pt electrode. Some electrochemical parameters indicate that the reduction of La3+ ion is irreversible. The pulse deposition technique is used to prepare La–Ni–Co alloy films. The surfaces of La–Ni–Co alloy films are uniform, adhesive, compact and showed a metallic luster. The grain sizes of La–Ni–Co alloy observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) are nanometer or submicron degree. La–Ni–Co alloy film is amorphous as proven by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic properties of the amorphous La–Ni–Co alloy film are measured. The saturated magnetization intensity (M s), coercive force (H c) and remanence (B r) are 23.53 emu g−1, 214 Oe and 11.68 emu g−1, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The structure and antibacterial activity of silver-carried zirconium phosphate (AgZrP) were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and viable cell counting method. There existed the exchange of sodium ions with silver ions in carrier, and the silver in AgZrP was in ionic state. Moreover, no significant changes in crystal structure of carrier were found by the exchange of silver ions except for its crystal space distance and crystallinity. The antibacterial tests showed that 100 mg l−1 of AgZrP possessed high antibacterial activity and was capable of killing all the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and more than 99.9% of the Staphylococci aureus (S. aureus) within 8.0 h of contact. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • A coating with pH-dependent Cu2+ release was granted on the Ti. • The coating was composed of polydopamine and silk protein, exhibiting outstanding biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. • While simulating a large gathering of bacteria (slightly acidic conditions), the coating could set free abundant Cu2+ to strongly kill bacteria and achieve self-defense. The implantation of medical devices is frequently accompanied by the invasion of bacteria, which may lead to implant failure. Therefore, an intelligent and responsive coating seems particularly essential in hindering implant-associated infections. Herein, a self-defensive antimicrobial coating, accompanied by silk fibroin as a valve, was successfully prepared on the titanium (Ti-Cu@SF) for pH-controlled release of Cu2+. The results showed that the layer could set free massive Cu2+ to strive against E. coli and S. aureus for self-defense when exposed to a slightly acidic condition. By contrary, a little Cu2+ was released in the physiological situation, which could avoid damage to the normal cells and showed excellent in vitro pH-dependent antibiosis. Besides, in vivo experiment confirmed that Ti-Cu@SF could work as an antibacterial material to kill S. aureus keenly and display negligible toxicity in vivo. Consequently, the design provided support for endowing the layer with outstanding biocompatibility and addressing the issue of bacterial infection during the implantation of Ti substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As reported herein, an environmentally friendly superhydrophilic membrane with underwater superoleophobicity was prepared for the efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsions and dyes. The preparation of this superhydrophilic membrane is very simple, requiring only a one-step modification of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes by ionic chelation of phytic acid (PA) and polydopamine (PDA) in an aqueous solution (PA@PDA/PVDF). The PA@PDA/PVDF membrane shows superhydrophilicity in air with pure water permeance reaching up to 98354 ± 1574 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and underwater oil contact angles (UWOCAs) greater than 150°. The high water permeance and excellent underwater superoleophobicity of the PA@PDA/PVDF membrane give it excellent oil–water separation performance, thus enabling it to separate various oil-in-water emulsions with high efficiency above 95.2% and permeance up to 48855.3 ± 3752 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Moreover, the PA@PDA/PVDF membrane shows remarkable recoverability and excellent anti-oil fouling property during the separation of emulsified oily wastewater. The remaining catechol groups of PDA and the phosphate groups of PA endow the PA@PDA/PVDF membrane with significant electronegativity, so that it can be used to efficiently separate dye wastewater by filtration through electrostatic adsorption. More importantly, the PA@PDA/PVDF membrane can simultaneously remove organic contaminants from complex wastewaters containing emulsified oils and dyes in just one filtration process, with a total efficiency above 92%. Thanks to its simple and environmentally friendly preparation method and excellent separation performance, the PA@PDA/PVDF membrane shows great potential for the practical treatment of complex wastewaters containing a wide range of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Titanium (Ti) was an excellent medical metal material, but the lack of good antibacterial activity confined its further practical application. To solve this dilemma, a coating containing graphene oxide (GO) and copper (Cu) was prepared on the surface of Ti sheet (Ti/APS/GO/Cu). First, physical sterilization could be carried out through the sharp-edged sheet structure of GO. Second, the oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of GO and the released Cu2+ would generate reactive oxygen species for chemical sterilization. The synergistic effect of GO and Cu substantially enhanced the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial property of Ti sheet, thereby reducing bacterial-related inflammation. Quantitatively, the antibacterial rate of Ti/APS/GO/Cu against E. coli or S. aureus reached over 99%. Besides, Ti/APS/GO/Cu showed excellent biocompatibility and no toxicity to cell. Such work developed multiple sterilization avenues to design non-antibiotic, safe and efficient antibacterial implant material for the biomedical domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To effectively treat the pollutant in sewage, a new-type three-dimensional aerogel based on graphene oxide and waste paper was fabricated via simple mixing and freeze-drying processes. Therein, waste paper was activated in advance, and polyvinyl alcohol served as physical crosslinking agent. The results showed that the obtained aerogel with porous three-dimensional network structure exhibited good thermal stability. When it acted as adsorbent for treating organic dye (methylene blue) and antibiotic (ciprofloxacin), the adsorption process was explored. In single system, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were used to discuss the detail about the aerogel adsorbing pollutant. Moreover, the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms and calculate the isotherm constants. Thermodynamic results stated that the adsorption of pollutant onto aerogel was feasible and spontaneous. In binary system, the adsorption capacity of methylene blue by aerogel increased, while the adsorption capacity of ciprofloxacin by aerogel declined. The pseudo-second-order kinetics was consistent with the adsorption of pollutant by aerogel in such binary system. This study would provide a new boulevard to develop environmental, low-cost and high-efficiency adsorbent for removing pollutant from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dynamic surface reconstruction of oxide electrocatalysts in alkaline media is widely observed especially for layered double hydroxide (LDH), but little is known about how to promote the reconstruction toward desired surfaces for improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, surface reconstruction of NiFe LDH nanosheets is successfully induced to a higher degree via in situ sulfur doping than that by natural electrochemical activation. Theoretical calculations, operando Raman, and various ex situ characterizations reveal the S anion‐induced effect can lower the energy barrier and facilitate the phase transformation into highly active S‐doped oxyhydroxides. The generated S‐NixFeyOOH can optimize the intermediate adsorption and facilitate the OER kinetics. The reconstructed S‐oxyhydroxides catalyst presents superior OER activity and long‐term durability compared to undoped ones. This work provides a structure–composition–activity relationship during the in situ surface restructuring of NiFe LDH pre‐catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, organic dyes and other environmental contaminants are focal areas of research, with considerable interest in the production of stable, high-efficiency, and eco-friendly photocatalysts to eliminate these contaminants. In the present work, bismuth-doped zinc ferrite (Bi-ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) and bismuth-doped zinc ferrites supported on sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4) (BZFG) photocatalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal process. SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques were used to examine the morphological, structural, and bonding characteristics of the synthesized photocatalysts. The photocatalytic competence of the functional BZFG nanocomposites (NCs) was studied against MB under sunlight. The influence of Bi (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 wt.%) doping on the photocatalytic performance of ZnFe2O4 was verified, and the 9%Bi-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited the maximum MB degradation. Then, 9%Bi-ZnFe2O4 NPs were homogenized with varying amounts of S-g-C3N4 (10, 30, 50, 60, and 70 wt.%) to further enhance the photocatalytic performance of BZFG NCs. The fabricated Bi-ZnFe2O4/30%S-g-C3N4 (BZFG-30) composite outperformed ZnFe2O4, S-g-C3N4 and other BZFG NCs in terms of photocatalytic performance. The enriched photocatalytic performance of the BZFG NCs might be ascribed to a more efficient transfer and separation of photo-induced charges due to synergic effects at the Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 interconnection. The proposed modification of ZnFe2O4 using Bi and S-g-C3N4 is effective, inexpensive, and environmentally safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We successfully fabricate flexible electrochromic supercapacitor (SC) electrodes employing novel flexible transparent conducting substrates. The as-synthesized flexible electrochromic SC electrodes exhibit great electrochemical performances (13.6 mF cm−2, 138.2 F g−1) and high coloration efficiency (80.2 cm2 C−1), which demonstrate their potential applications in flexible smart windows combining energy storage and electrochromism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic wounds are a significant clinical challenge. Developing effective antibacterial dressings is crucial for preventing wound ulcers caused by bacterial infections. In this study, a self-healing antibacterial hydrogel (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–polylysine–gum arabic, PLG hydrogels) with near-infrared photothermal response was prepared by linking PVA and a novel polysaccharide–amino acid compound (PG) through borate bonding combined with freeze–thaw cycling. Subsequently, the hydrogel was modified by incorporating inorganic nanoparticles (modified graphene oxide (GM)). The experimental results showed that the PLGM 3 hydrogels (PLG@GM hydrogels, 3.0 wt%) could effectively kill bacteria and promote diabetic wound tissue healing under 808-nm near-infrared laser irradiation. Therefore, this hydrogel system provides a new idea for developing novel dressings for treating diabetic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic wounds are a significant clinical challenge. Developing effective antibacterial dressings is crucial for preventing wound ulcers caused by bacterial infections. In this study, a self-healing antibacterial hydrogel (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–polylysine–gum arabic, PLG hydrogels) with near-infrared photothermal response was prepared by linking PVA and a novel polysaccharide–amino acid compound (PG) through borate bonding combined with freeze–thaw cycling. Subsequently, the hydrogel was modified by incorporating inorganic nanoparticles (modified graphene oxide (GM)). The experimental results showed that the PLGM 3 hydrogels (PLG@GM hydrogels, 3.0 wt%) could effectively kill bacteria and promote diabetic wound tissue healing under 808-nm near-infrared laser irradiation. Therefore, this hydrogel system provides a new idea for developing novel dressings for treating diabetic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized a temperature-sensitive antibacterial hydrogel, defined as NIPAM-CG/GM hydrogel. First, vinyl carboxymethyl chitosan (CG) was synthesized as a crosslinking carrier and silane dispersed graphene (GM) was synthesized as a reinforcer. Then, the N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer was free-radical polymerized with the vinyl groups of CG and GM to form a NIPAM-CG/GM hydrogel without any crosslinking agent. The influences of different hydrogel compositions on the microstructure, compressive properties, swelling, drug loading, and drug release properties of the hydrogels were discussed, and its temperature sensitivity was also demonstrated. The results showed that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and mechanical properties of the hydrogel could be adjusted by controlling the amount of CG and GM. Next, its biocompatibility was characterized, and its antibacterial performance was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial mechanism was explained by measuring the difference in the ion concentration outside the membrane and changes in the morphology of live/dead bacteria. NIPAM-CG/GM had a high drug loading and nearly complete drug release at a physiological temperature of 37 °C. Its moderate mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and antibacterial effects give NIPAM-CG/GM great potential applications as a wound dressing. [Display omitted] • Highly-stable and dispersed silanized graphene was prepared • Vinyl groups were introduced into carboxymethyl chitosan as a carrier for free-radical polymerization • The introduction of inorganic nanoparticles enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogel • Free radical polymerization of NIPAM made the hydrogel temperature-responsive • NIPAM-CG/GM hydrogel displayed excellent antibacterial activity and biocompatibility [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In order to improve the stability and decrease the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticle (AgNP), a polyethyleneimine-modified reduced graphene oxide (PEI-rGO) was used as the substrate of AgNPs, and a PEI-rGO–AgNP hybrid was prepared by anchoring the AgNPs on the reduced graphene oxide surface. Such a hybrid showed substantially higher antibacterial activity than polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized AgNP, and the AgNPs on PEI-rGO were more stable than the AgNPs on PVP, resulting in long-term antibacterial effects. The hybrid showed excellent water-solubility and lower cytotoxicity, suggesting the great potential application as a sprayable graphene-based antibacterial solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to explore the potential of graphene (G) in removal of hazardous chemicals in waste water, chemically reduced graphene oxide was employed as the adsorbent and the adsorption characteristics of graphene toward acrylonitrile (AN), p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TA), 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (1-NA) and methyl blue (MB) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the organic chemicals with larger molecule size and more benzene rings possessed a higher adsorption speed and a higher maximum adsorption capacity on G. The maximum adsorption capacities of p-TA, 1-NA and MB on G are ∼1.43g/gG, ∼1.46g/gG and ∼1.52g/gG at 30°C, respectively, which are the highest values of p-TA, 1-NA or MB adsorption on different kinds of today''s nanomaterials. Under the maximum adsorption capacity, the absorption quantity of MB on G was dependent on the initial concentration of MB, and higher temperature could facilitate the adsorption process. The G efficiency remains almost constant during the first five cycles of the adsorption–desorption process. In addition, the fluorescence spectra implied that the adsorption of MB on G was a π–π stacking adsorption process. In conclusion, the G could serve as a promising adsorbent for the removal of chemicals containing benzene rings in waste water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in antibacterial fields due to their excellent antibacterial effects. Here, by using a dietary flavonoid found in edible plants, kaempferol (Kae), as reducing and capping agent, a facile and eco-friendly method was developed to synthesize the uniform and long-term stable silver nanoparticle/kaempferol composites (Kae-AgNPs). Kae-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Kae-AgNPs with a size about 10 nm were synthesized by 0.1 mmol/L Kae. Lower concentration of Kae was shown with smaller Kae-AgNPs due to a few of Kae molecules expected to reduce a small number of Ag+ ions to metallic silver. Aqueous Kae-AgNPs were very stable and could be stably dispersed in water for about two months as evidenced by DLS detection, and the stability was further confirmed by XPS. Antibacterial analysis against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8099) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) strains showed that Kae-AgNPs displayed superior antibacterial effects than AgNPs or Kae alone, and interestingly, much better than that of the analogous nano-silver composites in the previous studies. Moreover, Kae-AgNPs with a low concentration of 2 μg/mL demonstrated highly effective antibacterial activity against E. coli (1 × 106 CFU/mL). The antibacterial mechanisms of Kae-AgNPs included the destruction of the membrane structure of bacteria, leakage of the cell contents, inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and eventually resulting in bacteria death. The results suggest that Kae-AgNPs have high efficiency against bacteria, and have the potential to be further developed as promising antibacterial nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the harm caused by the leakage of oil and dangerous organic solvents to the ecological environment and human health cannot be ignored, and effective treatment measures are urgently needed to alleviate the current situation. Therefore, the development of low-cost and efficient adsorbents is the key to solve the problem. In this paper, konjac glucomannan was used as flexible skeleton. Flexible aerogel based on an interpenetrating network of konjac glucomannan and reduced graphene oxide was prepared by two-step hydrothermal method. On this basis, the composite aerogel was superhydrophobically modified to improve its adsorption selectivity. A series of characterization results showed that the adsorbent had flexible three-dimensional porous structure, excellent mechanical properties, adsorption selectivity, recyclability and biodegradability. At the same time, the composite aerogel synthesized by a simple and environmentally friendly method could realize the continuous separation of oil and water by vacuum pump. It showed that its application in the field of high-efficiency oil–water separation had a broad prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalysts are the most compelling objectives in realizing highly efficient renewable energy conversion and storage applications. Rational doping is an effective strategy for the development of cost-effective perovskite oxides with high electrochemical performance. In this study, we report facilely prepared molybdenum (Mo)-doped SrCo 0.70 Fe 0.30 O 3-δ perovskites such as SrCo 0.7 Fe 0.25 Mo 0.05 O 3-δ (SCFM0.05) and SrCo 0.7 Fe 0.20 Mo 0.10 O 3-δ (SCFM0.10) for boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and stability. Among them, SCFM0.05 delivers a promising overpotential of ∼323 mV at the current density of 10 mA c m disk - 2 and keeps almost stable for 5 h and after accelerated 1000 cycles. The promoted HER activity of SCFM0.05 regarding the decreased overpotential, increased catalytic current density, and improved charge transfer kinetics, might originate from the combined effects of distortion of octahedral coordination, low oxygen vacancy/high oxidation state of Co, abundant lattice oxygen and highly oxidative oxygen species, long B–O length, and strong OH− adsorption compared to the un-doped counterpart. We ascribe the enhanced operational stability to the formation of a low concentration of oxygen vacancy that stabilizes the crystal structure of Mo-doped SrCo 0.7 Fe 0.3 O 3-δ and prevents the surface from Sr leaching/surface amorphization. These findings suggest that tuning perovskite oxide using a redox-inactive dopant featured with high valence state may provide further avenues to HER optimization. • Mo-doped SrCo 0.70 Fe 0.30 O 3-δ were facilely prepared for hydrogen evolution. • SCFM0.05 delivers promising hydrogen-evolution activity and stability. • The promoted activity was ascribed to the combined effects. • The enhanced HER stability was attributed to the formation of less oxygen vacancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work demonstrates that the effective use of antimicrobial agents (CQDs-TiO 2 : carbon quantum dot-decorated titanium dioxide) and natural resources, such as sunlight, is able to improve the ability of sustainable degradation of bacteria. The CQDs-TiO 2 nanomaterials, prepared using the hydrothermal method, were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The CQDs-TiO 2 properties and their antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were systematically evaluated. The antibacterial efficiency reached 90.9% and 92.8% toward E. coli and S. aureus , respectively, with 1 μg/mL CQDs-TiO 2 under visible light for 24 h. Under visible light irradiation, CQDs-TiO 2 greatly improved absorption of visible light and increased the content of free radicals. These free radicals directly attack the bacterial cells, degrade organic matter within the cells and finally break down bacteria. Seven cycles of antimicrobial experiments using recycled materials demonstrated that the ability of CQDs-TiO 2 to sustainably degrade bacteria was stronger than pure titanium dioxide (TiO 2). It is noteworthy that carbon quantum dots (CQDs) not only prevent TiO 2 from agglomerating, but also attract bacteria and carry TiO 2 to the cell. In addition, CQDs-TiO 2 showed very low cytotoxicity and can be applied to medical and human health fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Perovskite LaMnO 3 is reported to be a superior electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in terms of the onset potential and intrinsic activity. However, traditionally prepared LaMnO 3 is characterized to exhibit a low specific surface area and a limited pore volume. Herein, we synthesize a three-dimensional ordered macroporous LaMnO 3 that features ordered and interconnected porous structure, in order to increase catalytic sites. The obtained three-dimensional ordered macroporous LaMnO 3 exhibits an increased specific surface area of 20.328 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.126 cm3 g−1. Rotating-ring-disk electrode measurement reveals a more positive onset potential (0.827 V) and half-wave potential (0.686 V), and a much higher current-limited density (5.90 mA cm−2) of the three-dimensional ordered macroporous LaMnO 3 compared to counterparts, as well as a high electron transfer number (∼4) and a better stability. Furthermore, a Li O 2 battery employing the three-dimensional ordered macroporous LaMnO 3 as air electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a higher initial discharge capacity (5592 mAh g−1), a smaller discharge-charge voltage gap (1.56 V), and a higher coulombic efficiency (∼100%) in comparison with the carbon electrode. Our results suggest that traditional perovskite oxides could be effectively optimized for efficient electrocatalytic reactions. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • A three-dimensionally ordered macroporous perovskite LaMnO 3 is prepared. • Increased specific surface area and pore volume of LaMnO 3 are obtained. • The ordered porous structure is beneficial for oxygen reduction reaction. • A battery employing optimized LaMnO 3 exhibits excellent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D N-doped carbon nanowires (NCWs) supported Fe 2 O 3 nanocubes as anode materials in supercapacitors were successfully synthesized from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on flexible carbon fibers (CFs). Originating from the synergistic effect of Fe 2 O 3 and NCWs, this anode exhibited high specific capacitance of 12.4 mF cm −1 /39.6 mF cm −3 at a scan rate of 10 mV s −1 with excellent flexible property. An asymmetric supercapacitor based on our Fe 2 O 3 /NCWs/CFs anode demonstrated an extended operating voltage window of 2 V and improved linear specific capacitance of 6.1 mF cm −1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s −1 . This asymmetric supercapacitor also obtained good flexibility and long-term stability with an energy density of 2.7 mWh cm −3 . The high supercapacitor performance is attributed to the 3D N-doped carbon nanowires which bring higher conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis has been widely considered to be an effective way for solving the worldwide environmental pollution issues. Herein, a new type of three-dimensional (3D) ternary graphene-carbon quantum dots/g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet (GA-CQDs/CNN) aerogel visible-light-driven photocatalyst was synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method. In this unique ternary photocatalyst, both carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) could improve the visible light absorption and promote the charge separation. Furthermore, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) could act as a supportor for the 3D framework. Such a ternary system overcame the drawbacks of bulk g-C 3 N 4 (BCN) and achieved the enhanced photocatalytic activity and long-term stability. As a result, the methyl orange (MO) removal ratio of GA-CQDs/CNN-24% was up to 91.1%, which was about 7.6 times higher than that of bulk g-C 3 N 4 (BCN) under the identical conditions. Moreover that GA-CQDs/CNN-24% exhibited inappreciable loss of photocatalytic activity after four-cycle degradation processes. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism of GA-CQDs/CNN-24% was interpreted both theoretically and experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite in this case was produced from corn cob flour (CCF), wood ash (WA) and polypropylene (PP). WA with different concentration (1, 3, 5, 10 wt%) served as reinforced filler for corn cob/plastic composite. In order to increase the interfacial adhesion between matrix and filler, the maleic grafted PP was used as compatilizer. The results of infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, mechanical property and water absorption were reported. The results indicated that the flexural modulus and tensile modulus of CCF/WA/PP composite (CCWPC) increased with increasing the addition of WA. When the addition of WA was 10 wt%, they reached 2550 and 324 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the flexural strength and tensile strength of CCWPC were lower than those of PP. The moisture absorption of CCWPC increased with adding the loading of WA. The presence of WA also influenced the thermal property of CCWPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BaZr x Ce y Y 1-x-y O 3-δ are recognized proton-conducting electrolyte materials for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H + -SOFCs) below 650 °C. Here Co cations are incorporated into the BaZr 0.4 Ce 0.4 Y 0.2 O 3-δ (BZCY) scaffold to generate a 3D core-shell and triple-conducting (H + /O 2− /e − ) electrode in situ via infiltrating and reactive sintering. The core is the bulk BZCY scaffold, while the shell is composed of the cubic Ba(Zr 0.4 Ce 0.4 Y 0.2 ) 1-x Co x O 3-δ , cubic spinel Co 3 O 4 and cubic fluorite (Ce, Zr, Y)O 2 . The obtained electrode exhibits an excellent compatibility with the BZCY electrolyte, and performs well in yielding a low and stable polarization resistance for oxygen reduction reaction for intermediate-temperature H + -SOFCs. In particular, it achieves polarization resistances as low as 0.094 and 0.198 Ω cm 2 at 650 and 600 °C in wet air (3% H 2 O) when the sintering temperature for the electrode is 900 °C. In addition, a symmetrical cell also exhibits operation stability of 70 h at 650 °C. Furthermore, a fuel cell assembled with the 3D core-shell and triple-conducting electrode delivers a peak power density of ∼330 mW cm −2 at 650 °C. The substantially improved electrochemical performance and high stability are ascribed to the unique core-shell structure and the formation of Ba(Zr 0.4 Ce 0.4 Y 0.2 ) 1-x Co x O 3-δ in the shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly active bifunctional catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) have attracted increasing attention in metal-air batteries and fuel cells. CoFe nanoalloy particles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CoFe@NC-NCNT-H) are synthesized by pyrolyzing a Prussian blue analogue precursor (i.e. Fe 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] 2 ) as low as 600 °C, and followed by HNO 3 treatment. Such low temperature pyrolysis and HNO 3 treatment affords the hybrid mesoporous material with a high level of nitrogen content (∼10%) and a relatively high specific surface area (∼210.5 m 2 g −1 ), capable of providing active sites and mass transport channels. In alkaline solution, CoFe@NC-NCNT-H is highly active towards OER with a low onset potential (∼1.35 V) and a small overpotential (∼380 mV) to reach 10.0 mA cm −2 , comparable to the state-of-the-art RuO 2 . CoFe@NC-NCNT-H is also a good ORR catalyst, and more importantly it exhibits an improved stability compared to commercial Pt/C. CoFe@NC-NCNT-H displays promise as a bifunctional catalyst with an extremely low potential difference (∼0.87 V between ORR at −3.0 mA cm −2 and OER at 10.0 mA cm −2 ), superior to commercial Pt/C and RuO 2 . The facilely prepared CoFe@NC-NCNT-H with high bifunctional performance and stability promises great potential for ORR and OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high efficient visible-light-region Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 /RGO composite 3D aerogel photocatalyst was fabricated by a facile self-assemble method. The aerogel composite with various RGO and g-C 3 N 4 to Cu 2 O weight ratios was synthesized and characterized. The results showed that the Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction absorbed visible light region shifted to a lower energy. In order to improved photocatalytic activity, the Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction loaded on reduced graphene oxide sheets resulted in increasing absorption in the visible light range and improving photodegradation activity. The optimal content of Cu 2 O in the Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 /RGO aerogel was 40%, which exhibited the effectively synthetized Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction, and greatly improved photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the ternary composite aerogel exhibited 96% (Methylene Blue) and 83% (Methyl Orange) degradation efficiency within 80 min. The combined heterojunction with synergistic effects of this novel composite aerogel account for the excellent photocatalytic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An activated phytoplankton-derived carbon (APDC) based material was successfully synthesized from phytoplankton for the first time via a simple and low-cost method, to the best of our knowledge. The specific surface area (S BET ) value of APDC is as high as 482 m 2 g −1 . In addition, the as-prepared APDC-based supercapacitor (SC) electrode displays high area capacitance of 130 mF cm −2 at the current density of 2 mA cm −2 , and the SC device based on APDC electrode reveals good capacitance performance and prominent cycling stability (92% retention after 10,000 cycles), demonstrating a promising application for SCs. The high supercapacitor performance is attributed to the KOH activation process which brings higher surface area and mesoporous structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major problem associated with colon cancer is liver metastasis. A colon-targeted drug delivery system is one way to address this problem after the resection of colorectal cancer. However, traditional drug delivery systems face many challenges, such as an inability to control the release rate, inaccurate targeting, susceptibility to the microenvironment and poor stability. Here, we report the development of a graphene oxide (GO)-based, sodium alginate (ALG) functionalized colon-targeting drug delivery system, that is loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as the anti-cancer drug (denoted as GO-ALG/5-FU). Our results demonstrate that the as-prepared drug delivery system possesses a much lower toxicity and better colon-targeting controlled-release behaviours. We show that GO-ALG/5-FU significantly inhibited tumour growth and liver metastasis and prolonged the survival time of mice. We anticipate that our assay will help improve basic research of colon-targeted drug delivery systems and provide a new way to treat colon cancer liver metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the advantages of graphene and zeolite, respectively, the graphene/zeolite composites with core-shell structure were synthesized. The features of the composites were characterized and experimental conditions were used to evaluate the potential of graphene/zeolite composites in removing copper ions Cu and methyl orange (MO) in single and binary systems. In a single system, the adsorption of Cu and MO are in accordance with the Freundich and Langmuir model, respectively, with maximum adsorption capacities at 39.06 and 2.71 mg g. For the binary system, the coexistence of Cu and MO increases the maximum adsorption capacity of the composite material compared with the single one and Langmuir model can better describe the co-adsorption behavior of Cu-MO binary mixture by the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite anion exchange membrane of crosslinked quaternized polyepichlorohydrin/polytetrafluoroethylene (CQPECH/PTFE) had been prepared via a green and facile method, where diethylamine, 1-methylimidazole and PTFE, respectively, served as crosslinking agent, quaternization reagent and supporting material. The structure and morphology of CQPECH/PTFE membrane were investigated. Water uptake, swelling ratio, ionic exchange capacity, hydroxide conductivity, chemical stability, and thermal and mechanical properties were measured to evaluate its performance in a direct methanol alkaline fuel cell. The results indicated that CQPECH had penetrated into the pores of PTFE membrane, showing a dense and uniform structure without any pore and phase separation. Besides, CQPECH/PTFE membrane exhibited high ionic conductivity, considerable ionic exchange capacity, moderate water uptake and low swelling ratio. More importantly, the obtained composite membrane displayed high tensile strength and good chemical and thermal stability, suggesting the great potential application of CQPECH/PTFE membrane as anion exchange membrane. Graphical abstract: Crosslinked quaternized polyepichlorohydrin/polytetrafluoroethylene composite anion exchange membrane had been prepared via a green and facile method, where diethylamine served as crosslinking agent. With a dense and uniform structure without any pore and phase separation, the obtained composite membrane exhibited high tensile strength and good chemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to control the long-term antibacterial property of quaternary ammonium salts, dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (rGO-1227) and rGO-bromohexadecyl pyridine (rGO-CPB) were self-assembled on surfaces of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via π-π interactions. The obtained rGO-1227 and rGO-CPB nanocompounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The antibacterial activities were evaluated on Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus . Both rGO-CPB and rGO-1227 reduced the cytotoxicity of the pure antimicrobial agents and presented strong antimicrobial properties. Especially, CPB could be loaded efficiently on the surface of rGO via π-π conjugate effect, which resulted in a nanocomposite presenting a long-term antibacterial capability due to the more important quantity of free π electrons compared to that of 1227. When comparing the advantages of both prepared nanocomposites, rGO-CPB displayed a better specific-targeting capability and a longer-term antibacterial property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of oil extraction in spent coffee ground (SCG) on the properties of spent coffee ground-polypropylene composites. Coffee oil was removed from SCG by ultrasonication extraction. SCG and extracted spent coffee ground (ESCG) were used to reinforce the polypropylene (PP) in this research. Moisture uptakes, morphologies, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and accelerated aging test of composites were examined as a function of oil extraction. The results suggested that the extraction of coffee oil improved the water resistance of composites. The mechanical properties of spent coffee grounds-polypropylene composites (SCGPCs) were improved significantly after oil extraction, which suggested that the oil extraction was helpful to improve the interfacial adhesion and compatibility between filler and PP matrix. The moisture absorption of SCGPC showed a dramatic decrement after oil extraction. The results also revealed that the oil extraction improved the thermal property of composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) have been widely applied in daily life because of their antibacterial properties. However the antibacterial effects of QAS cannot be effectively utilized due to the uncontrolled release. In this work, dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227) and bromohexadecyl pyridine (CPB) were assembled on surfaces of graphene oxide (GO) through π–π interactions to form GO/QAS nanocomposites, i.e., GO-1227 and GO-CPB. In the comparison with pure CPB and 1227, GO-CPB and GO-1227 nanomaterials show biocompatible with reduced cytotoxicity. We found that GO could increase the antibacterial effect when the weak antibacterial agent was adopted. Remarkably, GO-1227 has exhibited stronger antimicrobial properties then GO-CPB, while GO-CPB has shown long-term slow-release antibacterial properties and CPB is facile to be loaded on GO surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the properties of bio-flour-filled composites. The composites used in this study were prepared from polypropylene, wood flour (WF) and cotton stalk bark (CSB). CSB was added with different concentrations (2.5 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 30 wt.%). Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was served as a compatibilizer to increase the interfacial adhesion between the ingredients. Water absorption, morphology, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. The results indicated that the flexural properties and tensile modulus of cotton stalk bark plastic composites (CSBPCs) were increased with the increasing concentration of CSB. However, the tensile strengths exhibited a negative correlation with the CSB content, which reached 32.9 MPa when the adding of CSB was 30 wt.%. The moisture absorption of CSBPC showed a higher value than that of neat PP, and it was increased with the increasing concentration of CSB. The thermal experiments showed that the decomposition temperatures of CSBPCs were higher than that of PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeycomb-like NiMn layered double hydroxide nanostructures have been successfully grafted on carbon cloth via a simple hydrothermal synthesis, which show good electrochemical performance with 2.687 C cm −2 (2239 F g −1 ) at a current density of 5 mA cm −2 . It is notable that this honeycomb-like nanostructure could supply sufficient electrochemically active sites for effective redox reactions. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor with good flexibility is fabricated based on this NiMn-LDH electrode. Over 110% of the initial capacitance is retained after repeating 10,000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 3 mA cm −2 . The honeycomb-like NiMn-LDH flexible electrode with good performance proposes a new pathway for flexible energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis is the most frequent cause of infection-related death worldwide. A new disposable electrochemical immunosensor with low cost and simple fabrication was proposed to detect interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and Au nanoparticle (AuNP) composite were used to provide an efficient biointerface, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody-conjugated AuNP (HRP-Ab2-AuNP) bioconjugates were used as a novel signal tag. The large amounts of HRP on the signal tag can catalyze the oxidation of Hydroquinone (HQ) by H 2 O 2 , which can induce an amplified reductive current. The catalytic reduction current was related to the amount of HRP immobilized on the surface, which itself was related to the concentration of IFN-γ. Under optimized conditions, the proposed immunosensor showed a high sensitivity and a linear range of 0.1–10,000 pg/mL with a detection limit of 0.048 pg/mL. The assay results of clinical serum samples obtained by the immunosensor were in acceptable agreement with the reference values. Therefore, the immunosensor possessed excellent clinical value in early diagnosis and control of tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three-dimensional (3D) flower-like nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH) 2 ) is decorated on one-dimensional fiber-like polyaniline (PANI) to obtain PANI/Ni(OH) 2 composite. Two-step hydrothermal method is used where PANI serves as crystal growth modifier of Ni(OH) 2 . By reducing the initial concentration of PANI, the polymorph of Ni(OH) 2 converts from β -to α -phase and the morphology of Ni(OH) 2 correspondingly changes from nanoplate to 3D flower-like, which significantly impacts the electrochemical activity of PANI/Ni(OH) 2 composite. Results show that fibrous PANI with high available surface area is expected to have many active sites for the deposition of nanoparticles. Besides, 3D flower-like Ni(OH) 2 , which can facilitate the transition for charge, contacts closely with PANI. Due to the good electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity of PANI with high proton doping level, the introduction of PANI can enhance the electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of composite. Consequently, the PANI/Ni(OH) 2 electrode exhibits good electrochemical property, including high capacity, good rate capability and long cycle life. In addition, this work will provide a new concept for using polymer in dominating the structure, morphology and electrochemical property of electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA and Wsi-PUA) oligomers were prepared by anionic self-emulsifying method, using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), vinyl hydroxyl silicone oil (VHSO) and hydroxyethyl methyl acrylate (HEMA) as raw materials. Then, a series of UV-curable waterborne Wsi-PUA–C 3 N 4 composites containing different content of g-C 3 N 4 were obtained with oligomer and photoinitiator Darocur 1173. FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and TGA were employed to investigate the structure, morphology and thermal property of the Wsi-PUA–C 3 N 4 composite films. The effect of g-C 3 N 4 content on the performance was also investigated. The mechanical performance, water resistance and gel content of UV-PUA films were measured. It was found that with g-C 3 N 4 particle was introduced into Wsi-PUA oligomer, the hardness, tensile strength, gel content, water resistance and thermal stability of composite films were significantly augmented. Moreover, when the content of g-C 3 N 4 was 1.0 wt.%, the UV-curable film had the best mechanical property. The obtained composite is promising for a number of applications, e.g., for protecting the surfaces of metal and wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferon-gamma (IFN- γ) released by T cells performs very important roles in latent diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infections and control of tuberculosis. In this work, a multilayer screen printing indium tin oxide (ITO) detector modified with a self-assembled graphene/chitosan (Gr-Chit) composite film followed by glutathione-modified gold nanoparticles (GSH-AuNPs), antibodies, and antigens was fabricated for highly sensitive and rapid detection of IFN- γ. The formation of the antibody-antigen complex at the electrode surface causes the impedance to increase. Under optimum conditions, the relative increased differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) peak current values are proportional to the logarithmic value of IFN- γ concentrations in a wide range of 5 to 4000 pg/mL with a low detection limit of 0.5 pg/mL ( S/ N = 3). The resulting IFN- γ immunosensor shows excellent detection reproducibility, good specificity, and stability. In addition, for the detection of clinical serum samples, it is well consistent with the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Compared to the expensive glassy carbon electrode, the ITO detector can act as a disposable electrode in clinical detection due to its low cost. This study provides a lower cost, simple, and highly sensitive approach for potential application in early diagnosis of MTB infections and control of tuberculosis. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the antibacterial activity of Cu 2+ , a series of Cu 2+ and/or Nd 3+ -modified layered α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was prepared and characterized, and the antibacterial activities of the prepared Cu 2+ and/or Nd 3+ -modified ZrP on Gram-negative Escherichia coli were investigated. The results showed that the basal spacing of ZrP was not obviously affected by the incorporation of Cu 2+ , but the basal spacing of the modified ZrP changed into an amorphous state with increasing additions of Nd 3+ . An antibacterial mechanism showed that Cu 2+ and Nd 3+ could enter into E. coli cells, leading to changes in ion concentrations and leakage of DNA, RNA and protein. The Cu 2+ - and Nd 3+ -modified ZrP, combining the advantages of Cu 2+ and Nd 3+ , displayed excellent additive antibacterial activity and lower cytotoxicity, suggesting the great potential application as an antibacterial powder for microbial control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize various properties of experimental composition prepared from graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), wood flour (WF) and polypropylene (PP). g-C 3 N 4 with different concentrations (1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%) were used as reinforcing filler for wood plastic compositions (WPCs). Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was added as a coupling agent to increase the interaction between the components. Water absorption, morphology, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the as-prepared composites were evaluated. The results showed that the tensile modulus of the composite was increased by 142.9% with increasing of g-C 3 N 4 contents to 5 wt.%, reaching approximately 498 MPa compared to WPC. Moreover, the flexural and tensile strengths reached their maximum values when the concentrations of g-C 3 N 4 were 1 wt.% and 3 wt.%, respectively. When maintaining the g-C 3 N 4 at a low concentration, it was well dispersed in the WPC with thin plate shape. However, when more g-C 3 N 4 (3–10 wt.%) was introduced, the enhancing effect began to diminish because of the agglomeration of g-C 3 N 4 which caused poor interfacial adhesion. The water absorption results showed a lower value with the addition of 1 wt.% g-C 3 N 4 , and the thermal tests showed that the degradation temperature shifted to higher value clearly after the addition of g-C 3 N 4 . Besides, with the addition of g-C 3 N 4 improved the outward color compared to the control sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, UV-curable epoxy acrylate film was reinforced with benzyl triphenyl phosphorus chloride-intercalated vermiculite (BTPC-VMT). BTPC-VMT was prepared by intercalating benzyl triphenyl phosphorus chloride (BTPC) into vermiculite (VMT) and was used as reinforcing filler. Then, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electronic microscope results of hybrid films indicated that BTPC-VMT was well dispersed in the matrix. The hybrid films displayed enhanced tensile strength, impact strength, and pencil hardness without sacrificing elongation at break. Moreover, the thermal property of hybrid films was generally improved. The resulting hybrid films are promising for a number of applications, e.g. for metal and wood for their surface protection. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Hexagonal nickel hydroxide/nickel decorated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO&Ni(OH) 2 –Ni) has been prepared via easy one-step chemical precipitation method and subsequent annealing treatment. The results show that the thermal stability of Ni(OH) 2 is enhanced by the incorporation of Ni. Besides, hexagonal Ni(OH) 2 –Ni nanoplate which can supply a short diffusion and migration pathway for electron and electrolyte ion contacts closely with the surface of rGO, resulting that the agglomeration of rGO is effectively prevented. Due to the good electrical conductivity of Ni, the incorporation of Ni can also improve the electrical conductivity of Ni(OH) 2 . More importantly, the Ni (111) plane is grown after annealing treatment, which plays a key role in Ni for further improving the electrochemical activity of composite. Consequently, the rGO&Ni(OH) 2 –Ni electrode exhibits high capacitance, high energy density, excellent rate capability, good cycle stability, etc. The advantages of easy preparation and excellent electrochemical performance imply the great potential application of rGO&Ni(OH) 2 –Ni in supercapacitors. Moreover, it is worthy noting that this work will offer a new approach for using metal nanoparticle in improving the electrochemical property of supercapacitor electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new hybrid material consisting of nickel hydroxide and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO/Ni(OH) 2 ) for supercapacitor electrode material is prepared via an easy one-step hydrothermal method, where the reduction and nitrogen doping of graphene oxide (GO) and the in situ formation of Ni(OH) 2 are achieved simultaneously. The results show the improved electrochemical activity of N-rGO/Ni(OH) 2 upon nitrogen doping. Moreover, thanks to the positive synergetic effect between N-rGO and Ni(OH) 2 , the synthesized N-rGO/Ni(OH) 2 composite shows superior electrochemical performance, including high capacitance, excellent rate capability and good cycle life. Hence, the facile preparation approach in this work will be considered as a new way to obtain metal oxide or hydroxide/N-rGO material which can be used as advanced electrode material in high-performance supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional glass windows that combine energy storage and electrochromism have been obtained by facile thermal evaporation and electrodeposition methods. For example, WO3 films that had been deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass exhibited a high specific capacitance of 639.8 F g−1. Their color changed from transparent to deep blue with an abrupt decrease in optical transmittance from 91.3 % to 15.1 % at a wavelength of 633 nm when a voltage of −0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was applied, demonstrating its excellent energy-storage and electrochromism properties. As a second example, a polyaniline-based pseudocapacitive glass was also developed, and its color can change from green to blue. A large-scale pseudocapacitive WO3-based glass window (15×15 cm2) was fabricated as a prototype. Such smart pseudocapacitive glass windows show great potential in functioning as electrochromic windows and concurrently powering electronic devices, such as mobile phones or laptops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional glass windows that combine energy storage and electrochromism have been obtained by facile thermal evaporation and electrodeposition methods. For example, WO3 films that had been deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass exhibited a high specific capacitance of 639.8 F g−1. Their color changed from transparent to deep blue with an abrupt decrease in optical transmittance from 91.3 % to 15.1 % at a wavelength of 633 nm when a voltage of −0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was applied, demonstrating its excellent energy-storage and electrochromism properties. As a second example, a polyaniline-based pseudocapacitive glass was also developed, and its color can change from green to blue. A large-scale pseudocapacitive WO3-based glass window (15×15 cm2) was fabricated as a prototype. Such smart pseudocapacitive glass windows show great potential in functioning as electrochromic windows and concurrently powering electronic devices, such as mobile phones or laptops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Janus sponge with the ability to remove complex contaminants from water is reported. Firstly, a superhydrophilic sponge (PA@PEI-sponge) is prepared via synthesizing negatively charged phytic acid@polyethyleneimine (PA@PEI) nanoparticles and assembling them on the surface of polydopamine (PDA) and PEI-modified polyurethane (PU) sponge through electrostatic adsorption. The Janus sponge is generated by modifying one side of the PA@PEI-sponge with PDMS, which exhibits superior separation efficiency and high filtration flux toward both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions due to its multiplex selective wettability and the interconnected and tortuous 3D porous channels. The numerous negatively charged active sites of PA@PEI nanoparticles and PDA layer impart the superhydrophilic PA@PEI-sponge with the removal efficiency of 39.95 ± 0.27% for malachite green (MG) via simple flow-through filtration, which can be improved to 99.92 ± 0.07% by Janus modification. More importantly, the Janus sponge exhibits an excellent treatment capacity for complex mixtures containing emulsified oil and dye, with the separation efficiency above 99.59%. The Janus sponge also demonstrates the effective separation of real industrial wastewater collected from an acrylic dyeing plant. Together with a facile and green preparation strategy, this Janus sponge shows excellent application potential for simultaneous dye removal and oil/water emulsion separation. [Display omitted] • An eco-friendly Janus sponge is prepared using a facile and green strategy. • The Janus sponge can separate both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions. • The Janus modification promotes the dye removal efficiency from 39.95% to 99.92%. • The Janus sponge exhibits an excellent treatment capacity for complex wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Photoanodes with sub-micrometer cavities of various sizes and ratios were fabricated. [•] Polystyrene sub-micrometer spheres embedded in TiO2 paste were burn off. [•] Remarkably, 48% enhancement was observed in conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]