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Simulating the change of ecosystem service values (ESV) caused by land use/cover change (LUCC) in the eastern coastal cities of Zhejiang Province is of great significance for regional sustainable development and ecological security. Based on remote sensing images of land use and Statistics Yearbook of 2000, 2010, and 2020, we analyzed the influence of LUCC on ESV in the study area during 2000-2020. We used the PLUS model to simulate land use change under three scenarios, including inertial development, ecological protection, and urban development in 2030, analyzed the spatial distribution and concentration degree of ESVs based on grid scale, and clarified the sensitivity characteristics of ESVs. The results showed that the construction land area showed an increasing trend during 2000-2020. The area of forest, cultivated land and water decreased significantly, resulting in a continuous downward trend of ESVs, which decreased by 160x10 yuan. Under the simulation of three scenarios of inertial development, ecological development, and urban development, the construction land area would increase by 93624, 54927, and 111966 hm, respectively. The eastern plain would become the agglomeration area of construction land expansion. The ESVs of those three scenarios was 1693x108, 1729x108, and 1688x108 yuan, respectively, which were all lower than the ESVs of the study area in 2020. The decline rate of ESV in the ecological protection scenario slowed down. The spatial distribution of ESVs in the study area was high in the west and low in the east. Hot spots and cold spots of ESVs were distributed in a large range with strong agglomeration. Hot spots were mainly concentrated in the west, while cold spots were mainly distributed in the east and north. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of pre-deformation on the precipitation process of Cu-rich clusters in reactor pressure vessels (RPV) model steel is studied. In this research, Fe-1.16wt%Cu binary alloy is selected as RPV model steel to simulate the precipitation process of Cu-rich clusters. The solid-solution Fe-Cu alloys were cold rolled with pre-deformation of 0, 10%, 25%, 40%, 60%, followed by aging at 450 °C for a series time. The dislocation density, Vickers hardness and microstructure evolution of Fe-Cu alloys after aging were determined. It is revealed that the Vickers hardness of un-deformed specimens reaches to peak hardness after aging at 450 °C for 100 h, while the specimens with larger dislocation density reach to peak hardness faster from the Vickers hardness test result. The result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that pre-deformation promotes the process of precipitation of Cu-rich clusters and inhibits the growth of the Cu-rich clusters.