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10. Additional file 1 of Application of 3-nitrooxypropanol and canola oil to mitigate enteric methane emissions of beef cattle results in distinctly different effects on the rumen microbial community

Author

Gruninger, Robert J., Zhang, Xiu Min, Smith, Megan L., Kung, Limin, Vyas, Diwakar, McGinn, Sean M., Kindermann, Maik, Wang, Min, Tan, Zhi Liang, and Beauchemin, Karen A.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Temporal shifts in the relative abundance (≥ 0.5%) at genus level for rumen fluid. Table S2. Temporal shifts in the relative abundance (≥ 0.5%) at genus level for rumen digesta

Published
2022
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16. Application of 3-nitrooxypropanol and canola oil to mitigate enteric methane emissions of beef cattle results in distinctly different effects on the rumen microbial community

Author

Gruninger, Robert J, primary, Zhang, Xiu Min, additional, Smith, Megan L., additional, Kung, Limin, additional, Vyas, Diwakar, additional, McGinn, Sean M., additional, Kindermann, Maik, additional, Wang, Min, additional, Tan, Zhi Liang, additional, and Beauchemin, Karen A., additional

Published
2021
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17. Combined effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and canola oil supplementation on methane emissions, rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation, and total tract digestibility in beef cattle

Author

Zhang, Xiu Min, primary, Smith, Megan L, additional, Gruninger, Robert J, additional, Kung, Limin, additional, Vyas, Diwakar, additional, McGinn, Sean M, additional, Kindermann, Maik, additional, Wang, Min, additional, Tan, Zhi Liang, additional, and Beauchemin, Karen A, additional

Published
2021
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23. Corn oil supplementation enhances hydrogen use for biohydrogenation, inhibits methanogenesis, and alters fermentation pathways and the microbial community in the rumen of goats

Author

Zhang, Xiu Min, primary, Medrano, Rodolfo F, additional, Wang, Min, additional, Beauchemin, Karen A, additional, Ma, Zhi Yuan, additional, Wang, Rong, additional, Wen, Jiang Nan, additional, Lukuyu, Bernard A, additional, Tan, Zhi Liang, additional, and He, Jian Hua, additional

Published
2019
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31. Association of fibre degradation with ruminal dissolved hydrogen in growing beef bulls fed with two types of forages.

Author

Wang, Rong, Wang, Min, Lin, Bo, Ma, Zhi Yuan, Ungerfeld, Emilio M., Wu, Ting Ting, Wen, Jiang Nan, Zhang, Xiu Min, Deng, Jin Ping, and Tan, Zhi Liang

Subjects
AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL experimentation, CATTLE, CORN, STATISTICAL correlation, DIET, FERMENTATION, DIETARY fiber, FOOD microbiology, GRAM-positive bacteria, HYDROGEN, MEAT, METHANE, PLANTS, PROTOZOA, IN vitro studies
Abstract

The present study investigated the association between fibre degradation and the concentration of dissolved molecular hydrogen (H2) in the rumen. Napier grass (NG) silage and corn stover (CS) silage were compared as forages with contrasting structures and degradation patterns. In the first experiment, CS silage had greater 48-h DM, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and acid-detergent fibre degradation, and total gas and methane (CH4) volumes, and lower 48-h H2 volume than NG silage in 48-h in vitro incubations. In the second experiment, twenty-four growing beef bulls were fed diets including 55 % (DM basis) NG or CS silages. Bulls fed the CS diet had greater DM intake (DMI), average daily gain, total-tract digestibility of OM and NDF, ruminal dissolved methane (dCH4) concentration and gene copies of protozoa, methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and R. flavefaciens, and had lower ruminal dH2 concentration, and molar proportions of valerate and isovalerate, in comparison with those fed the NG diet. There was a negative correlation between dH2 concentration and NDF digestibility in bulls fed the CS diet, and a lack of relationship between dH2 concentration and NDF digestibility with the NG diet. In summary, the fibre of CS silage was more easily degraded by rumen microorganisms than that of NG silage. Increased dCH4 concentration with the CS diet presumably led to the decreased ruminal dH2 concentration, which may be helpful for fibre degradation and growth of fibrolytic micro-organisms in the rumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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32. Nitrate improves ammonia incorporation into rumen microbial protein in lactating dairy cows fed a low-protein diet

Author

Wang, Rong, Wang, Min, Ungerfeld, Emilio M., Zhang, Xiu Min, Long, Dong Lei, Mao, Hong Xiang, Deng, Jin Ping, Bannink, André, Tan, Zhi Liang, Wang, Rong, Wang, Min, Ungerfeld, Emilio M., Zhang, Xiu Min, Long, Dong Lei, Mao, Hong Xiang, Deng, Jin Ping, Bannink, André, and Tan, Zhi Liang

Abstract

Generation of ammonia from nitrate reduction is slower compared with urea hydrolysis and may be more efficiently incorporated into ruminal microbial protein. We hypothesized that nitrate supplementation could increase ammonia incorporation into microbial protein in the rumen compared with urea supplementation of a low-protein diet fed to lactating dairy cows. Eight multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows were used in a crossover design to investigate the effect of nitrate or an isonitrogenous urea inclusion in the basal low-protein diet on rumen fermentation, milk yield, and ruminal microbial community in dairy cows fed a low-protein diet in comparison with an isonitrogenous urea control. Eight lactating cows were blocked in 4 pairs according to days in milk, parity, and milk yield and allocated to urea (7.0 g urea/kg of dry matter of basal diet) or nitrate (14.6 g of NO3 −/kg of dry matter of basal diet, supplemented as sodium nitrate) treatments, which were formulated on 75% of metabolizable protein requirements. Nitrate supplementation decreased ammonia concentration in the rumen liquids (−33.1%) and plasma (−30.6%) as well as methane emissions (−15.0%) and increased dissolved hydrogen concentration (102%), microbial N (22.8%), propionate molar percentage, milk yield, and 16S rRNA gene copies of Selenomonas ruminantium. Ruminal dissolved hydrogen was positively correlated with the molar proportion of propionate (r = 0.57), and negatively correlated with acetate-to-propionate ratio (r = −0.57) and estimated net metabolic hydrogen production relative to total VFA produced (r = −0.58). Nitrate reduction to ammonia redirected metabolic hydrogen away from methanogenesis, enhanced ammonia incorporation into rumen microbial protein, and shifted fermentation from acetate to propionate, along with increasing S. ruminantium 16S rRNA gene copies, likely leading to the increased milk yield.

Published
2018

39. Analysis on electromagnetic model of electronic system based on BLT equation

Author

Xiang Zhen-yu, Tan Zhi-liang, and Zhou Xing

Subjects
Electric power transmission, Electromagnetics, business.industry, Transmission line, Computer science, Node (networking), Frequency domain, Electrical engineering, Construct (python library), Antenna (radio), Topology, business, Electromagnetic interference
Abstract

The paper does some research on electromagnetic effect of transmission line network under interfere coupled from antennas, provides the method to compute magnitude and phrase in each node in complex transmission line network. First, construct the BLT equation from the real transmission line network, second solve the matrix equation, then get the right answer. From the answer a lot of information is figured out, the electromagnetic effect in each node can be computed form this information. The electromagnetic effect of this system can be evaluated.

Published
2010

41. Research on Conversion Relation Between Square Wave and ESD EMP in the Electromagnetic Damage of Electronic Devices

Author

Tan Zhi-liang, Xie Penghao, and Zhang Rongqi

Subjects
Physics, Electrostatic discharge, business.industry, Acoustics, Electromagnetic compatibility, Optoelectronics, Square wave, Electronics, business, Voltage, Electromagnetic pulse
Abstract

By proceeding from micro electromagnetic damage function of the device, combining with domestic and foreign research achievement on square wave EMP damage, the relation between the damage data of square wave and it of ESD EMP is analyzed. The dependence among the damage data of square wave and it of ESD EMP is setup tentatively. Then, the conversion among damage voltage of square wave and it of ESD EMP is finished.

Published
2007

42. Experimental study on electromagnetic radiation effects to an electronic system through ultra-wide band source

Author

Tan Zhi-liang, Zhang Rongqi, and Lin Yong-tao

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Engineering, business.industry, Acoustics, Electrical engineering, Field strength, Electromagnetic radiation, Rise time, visual_art, Electronic component, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Antenna (radio), business, Electronic circuit, Voltage
Abstract

The radiation effect experiment to a complicated electronic system by using of GW ultra-wide band (UWB) radiation source has been carried out. In cases of opening or closing the door of equipment under test (EUT) , the responses of test points on combination No.04 and No.08 of EUT have been measured. The response characteristics of test points on combination No.02 have been tested at different orientations of antenna of EUT. And spectrum analysis has been performed for response waveforms. The results have shown that the response voltage on internal circuits of EUT may reach about 1.6 kV at condition of opening door of EUT when radiated by UWB source with 2.0times104 V/m of field strength (rise time is 0.3 ns and pulse width is 3-4 ns). The maximum response voltage on combination No.02 is about 1.6 kV under condition of optimum coupling of antenna. In this case, some of the electronic components which are sensitive to electromagnetic field may be damaged. The response band width of EUT is about 500 MHz and main frequency point of response is about 70 MHz which are far apart from the working frequency of EUT. So the frequency of the outside electromagnetic field is not the main reason which affects EUT

Published
2006

43. The Damage Voltage Calculation of ESD based on Damage Parameters of Square wave

Author

Tan Zhi-liang, Lin Yong-tao, and Li-gang

Subjects
Engineering, Electrostatic discharge, business.industry, Electromagnetic compatibility, Optoelectronics, Electric potential, Semiconductor device, business, Pulse-width modulation, Electromagnetic pulse, Voltage, Threshold voltage
Abstract

In the short pulse region, the knot surface breakdown is the chief damage that was induced by the electromagnetic pulse to the electronic devices. The power that leads the devices damaged relates with the pulse width. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a course with high electric potential and instantaneous large current, and ESD breakdown of the electronic devices is quite similar with it. According to the Wunch-Bell's model theory that appraises pulse width threshold of semiconductor device, combining the Human-body Model (HBM) of ESD, the theoretical formula calculating damage threshold voltage of ESD was derivated. It provides one kind of method to estimate ESD damage threshold in the condition of lacked experimental data.

Published
2006

46. Shifts in Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota Are Associated with Dissolved Ruminal Hydrogen Concentrations in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Different Types of Carbohydrates.

Author

Min Wang, Rong Wang, Tian Yu Xie, Janssen, Peter H., Xue Zhao Sun, Beauchemin, Karen A., Zhi Liang Tan, Min Gao, Wang, Min, Wang, Rong, Xie, Tian Yu, Sun, Xue Zhao, Tan, Zhi Liang, and Gao, Min

Subjects
RUMEN fermentation, HYDROGEN, MILK yield, CARBOHYDRATES, METHANE
Abstract

Background: Different carbohydrates ingested greatly influence rumen fermentation and microbiota and gaseous methane emissions. Dissolved hydrogen concentration is related to rumen fermentation and methane production.Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that carbohydrates ingested greatly alter the rumen environment in dairy cows, and that dissolved hydrogen concentration is associated with these changes in rumen fermentation and microbiota.Methods: Twenty-eight lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cows [aged 4-5 y, body weight 480 ± 37 kg (mean ± SD)] were used in a randomized complete block design to investigate effects of 4 diets differing in forage content (45% compared with 35%) and source (rice straw compared with a mixture of rice straw and corn silage) on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and microbial populations.Results: Feed intake (10.7-12.6 kg/d) and fiber degradation (0.584-0.692) greatly differed (P ≤ 0.05) between cows fed the 4 diets, leading to large differences (P ≤ 0.05) in gaseous methane yield (27.2-37.3 g/kg organic matter digested), dissolved hydrogen (0.258-1.64 μmol/L), rumen fermentation products, and microbiota. Ruminal dissolved hydrogen was negatively correlated (r < -0.40; P < 0.05) with molar proportion of acetate, numbers of fungi, abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes, and methane yield, but positively correlated (r > 0.40; P < 0.05) with molar proportions of propionate and n-butyrate, numbers of methanogens, and abundance of Selenomonas ruminantium and Prevotella spp. Ruminal dissolved hydrogen was positively correlated (r = 0.93; P < 0.001) with Gibbs free energy changes of reactions producing greater acetate and hydrogen, but not correlated with those reactions producing more propionate without hydrogen.Conclusions: Changes in fermentation pathways from acetate toward propionate production and in microbiota from fibrolytic toward amylolytic species were closely associated with ruminal dissolved hydrogen in lactating dairy cows. An unresolved paradox was that greater dissolved hydrogen was associated with greater numbers of methanogens but with lower gaseous methane emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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47. Effects of three methane mitigation agents on parameters of kinetics of total and hydrogen gas production, ruminal fermentation and hydrogen balance using in vitro technique.

Author

Wang, Min, Wang, Rong, Yang, Shan, Deng, Jin Ping, Tang, Shao Xun, and Tan, Zhi Liang

Subjects
HYDROGEN production, METHANE, RUMINANT feeding & feeds, METHANOGENS, SULFONATES
Abstract

Methane (CH4) can be mitigated through directly inhibiting methanogen activity and starving methanogens by hydrogen (H2) sink. Three types of mechanism (i.e. bromoethanesulphonate (BES), nitrate and emodin) and doses of CH4 mitigation agents were employed to investigate their pathways of CH4 inhibition. Results indicated that both BES and emodin inhibited CH4 production and altered H2 balance, which could be accompanied by decreased dry matter disappearance (DMD), fractional rate of gH2 formation, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, ability to produce and use reducing equivalences and molecular H2, and increased final asymptotic gH2 production, time to the peak of gH2, discrete lag time of gH2 production and fermentation efficiency. However, emodin decreased gas volume produced by rapidly fermentable components of substrate and the rate of fermentation at early stage of incubation, while BES supplementation inhibited gas volume produced by both rapidly and slowly fermentable components of substrate and the rate of fermentation at middle or late stage of incubation. The nitrate supplementation inhibited CH4 production without affecting VFA profile, because of its dual role as H2 sink and being toxic to methanogens. Nitrate supplementation had more complicated pattern of fermentation, VFA production and profile and H2 balance in comparison to BES and emodin supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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