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With intensified global warming, accurate quantification of hydrological processes in seasonally frozen regions, particularly with irrigated overwinter crops, is necessary to develop management strategies that promote groundwater conservation. By incorporating a physically based freeze‐thaw cycle module into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT‐FT) model, variations of surface hydrology and groundwater dynamics were systematically assessed in North China Plain under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways during 2041–2070 and 2071–2100 periods between the conventional and improved SWAT models. Compared to the conventional SWAT model, the SWAT‐FT model predicted an increase in soil water content, decrease in irrigation, and an increase in percolation during the growing season of winter wheat. These discrepancies resulted in a 5% higher decline rates of shallow groundwater levels simulated by the SWAT model compared to the SWAT‐FT. Additionally, the SWAT‐FT model projected that the average decline rates of shallow groundwater levels were approximately 0.90 ± 0.16 m yr−1 (SSP1‐2.6), 0.60 ± 0.46 m yr−1 (SSP2‐4.5), and −0.17 ± 0.53 m yr−1 (SSP5‐8.5), respectively, during 2071–2100 compared to the historical period. The SWAT‐FT simulations indicated that the decline rates in shallow groundwater levels were projected to either decrease slowly or potentially increase by the end of the 21st century under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, potentially achieving equilibrium between shallow groundwater extraction and replenishment. Our study emphasized the importance of considering the freeze‐thaw processes to evaluate groundwater variations more accurately in response to climate change effects in temperate regions with an overwinter crop. Plain Language Summary: As the Earth gets warmer due to climate change, it's important to understand how water behaves in places that have cold winters. This helps us manage our water resources better. We used a computer model called SWAT to study this in North China. We added a special module to the model to simulate the freezing and thawing of water. We looked at how water on the ground's surface and underground might change in different future climate scenarios. We compared the old model to the new one. Both models said that less water would evaporate from the ground, and more would be caught by plants in all scenarios compared to the past. The models were different in how much water evaporated from the ground and moved underground. The new model showed bigger differences during the winter wheat growing season when farmers often water their fields and water goes into the ground. The new model also predicted that the level of groundwater (water underground) might change in different ways based on the climate scenario. Our study shows that understanding how freezing and thawing affect water is important for predicting how groundwater will change because of climate change in places with winter crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Diet significantly influences feline intestinal health, and abrupt dietary changes can disrupt the gastrointestinal balance. Incorporating functional additives, like heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2, may ameliorate feline gastrointestinal functionality. Heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and intestinal barrier-enhancing properties. Fibersol-2, widely employed in human foods, enhances colonic mucosal barrier function and increases intestinal microbiota diversity. In this study, we investigated the effects of providing or not providing heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 on intestinal barrier integrity, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal microbiota composition in cats undergoing abrupt dietary change. Our study demonstrates that supplementing heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 improved the intestinal health of adult cats subjected to abrupt dietary change. Abrupt dietary change can disrupt the intestinal balance in felines. This study aimed to assess the impact of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 on the intestinal health of adult cats before and after dietary change. We selected 24 British shorthair cats, dividing them into two groups. From day 1 to day 14, the control group received a lower protein (33%) concentration (LPF) diet, while the treated group received the same LPF diet supplemented with 0.16% functional additives, consisting of Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2. Subsequently, from day 15 to day 28, the control group transitioned to a higher protein (40%) concentration (HPF) diet, while the treated group received the same HPF diet supplemented with 0.16% functional additives. Blood and fresh feces were collected on day 0, 14, 17, 21, and 28 of the experiment. The results suggest that the use of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 may improve gastrointestinal function in cats by reducing serum LPS levels and fecal pH, while increasing fecal sIgA levels. In addition, the functional additive regulates the fecal microbiota and its function, promoting intestinal homeostasis and colonization with beneficial bacteria such as Blautia. Furthermore, on day 28, there was a significant difference in fecal microbiota beta diversity between the two groups. In summary, the addition of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 contributes to improving the intestinal health of adult cats affected by abrupt dietary change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancing catalyst design is pivotal for the enhancement of photocatalytic processes in renewable energy conversion. The incorporation of structural chirality into conventional inorganic solar hydrogen nanocatalysts promises a significant transformation in catalysis, a feature absent in this field. Here we unveil the unexplored potential of geometric chirality by creating a chiral composite that integrates geometric chiral Au nanoparticles (NPs) with two‐dimensional C3N4 nanosheets, significantly boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution beyond the achiral counterparts. The superior performance is driven by the geometric chirality of Au NPs, which facilitates efficient charge carrier separation through the favorable C3N4‐chiral Au NP interface and chiral induced spin polarization, and exploits high‐activity facets within the concave surfaces of chiral Au NPs. The resulting synergistic effect leads to a remarkable increase in photocatalytic H2 evolution, with an apparent quantum yield of 44.64 % at 400 nm. Furthermore, we explore the selective polarized photo‐induced carrier separation behavior, revealing a distinct chiral‐dependent photocatalytic HER performance. Our work advances the design and utilization of chiral inorganic nanostructures for superior performance in energy conversion processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]