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Hemolytic anemia is a rare and unique complication of alectinib, not observed with other anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors. Here, we present a case of an ALK fusion‐positive non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient who developed liver failure due to diffuse liver metastasis at initial diagnosis. Treatment was initiated with low‐dose alectinib, but the patient developed severe hemolytic anemia. Switching to lorlatinib allowed for the continuation of ALK inhibitor therapy and successful tumor reduction. ALK inhibitors are crucial for ALK fusion‐positive NSCLC patients. Managing severe side effects by switching medications is essential to maintain effective therapy. In this case, lorlatinib effectively controlled the tumor and improved the patient's liver function and performance status. This case highlights the importance of adapting treatment strategies to manage adverse effects while ensuring the continued use of ALK inhibitors for optimal patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction serves as a critical pathway for converting CO2 into diverse chemicals. The Mars–van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism, which leverages lattice oxygen as the oxidant and oxygen vacancies as reductants, offers an alternative catalytic strategy for the selective RWGS reaction. While Mn‐substituted SrTiO3 (i. e., SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3) has been shown to promote the RWGS reaction selectively via the MvK mechanism, achieving a sufficient conversion of CO2 necessitates elevated temperatures. This study investigated the effect of Pd‐loaded SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3 on the activation of adsorbed H2 molecules, which generated oxygen vacancies and enhanced CO2 conversion. Notably, 1.0 wt % Pd‐loaded SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3 yielded 13.4 % of CO at 673 K, whereas pristine SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3 and Pd‐loaded SrTiO3 yielded negligible or minimal amount of CO. Hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed that Pd promoted the formation of oxygen vacancies via both thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and kinetic studies revealed that the RWGS reaction over Pd‐loaded SrTi0.8Mn0.2O3 proceeded primarily via the MvK mechanism with a partial contribution from the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. This study underscores the effectiveness of combining metal and MvK‐type catalysts to enhance the efficiency of the RWGS reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 using H2O over heterogeneous photocatalysts has attracted worldwide attention because it enables direct solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. However, further development of this technology requires solutions to overcome the low formation rates of CO2 reduction products and their insufficient selectivity, mainly caused by the rapid charge recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs, competition for thermodynamically preferential H2 evolution from H2O, and the relatively low concentration of CO2 on the surface of the photocatalysts. Surface modification of heterogeneous photocatalysts is crucial for improving their formation rates and selectivity. This review article introduces four strategies for designing photocatalyst surfaces for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by H2O: (I) loading of an Ag cocatalyst, (II) utilisation of cocatalysts for H2O oxidation, (III) suppression of undesired H2 evolution, and (IV) loading of basic materials for CO2 adsorption. The strategies introduced in this review successfully enhanced the formation rates of the products and/or their selectivity in the heterogeneous photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by H2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐atom catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional atom utilization and unique properties. However, the practical application of these catalysts is often impeded by challenges such as sintering‐induced instability and poisoning of isolated atoms due to strong gas adsorption. In this study, we employed the mechanochemical method to insert single Cu atoms into the subsurface of Fe2O3 support. By manipulating the location of single atoms at the surface or subsurface, catalysts with distinct adsorption properties and reaction mechanisms can be achieved. It was observed that the subsurface Cu single atoms in Fe2O3 remained isolated under both oxidation and reduction environments, whereas surface Cu single atoms on Fe2O3 experienced sintering under reduction conditions. The unique properties of these subsurface single‐atom catalysts call for innovations and new understandings in catalyst design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical modeling of the solid‐state photocatalysis is one of the important issues as various useful photocatalysts have been developed to date. In this work, we investigated the mechanism of the alcohol photooxidation on niobium oxide (Nb2O5) which was experimentally developed, using the density functional theory (DFT)/time‐dependent (TD)DFT calculations based on the cluster model. The alcohol adsorption and the first hydrogen transfer from hydroxy group to surface occur in the ground state, while the second hydrogen transfer from CH proceeds in the excited states during the photoirradiation of UV or visible light. The spin crossing was identified and the low‐lying triplet states were solved for the reaction pathway. The photoabsorption in the visible light region was characterized as the charge transfer transition from O 2p of alcohol to Nb 4d of the Nb2O5 surface. The spin density and the natural population analysis indicated the generation of spin density in the moiety of carbonyl compound and its dissipation to the interface of the surface, which partly explains the electron paramagnetic resonance measurement. It was confirmed that the rate determining step is the desorption of carbonyl compound and water molecule in agreement with the experimental rate equation analysis. The present findings with the theoretical modeling will provide useful information for the further studies of the solid‐state photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]