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5. A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Ogura-type male-sterile cytoplasm and its comparative analysis with that of normal cytoplasm in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Author

Tanaka Yoshiyuki, Tsuda Mizue, Yasumoto Keita, Yamagishi Hiroshi, and Terachi Toru

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Plant mitochondrial genome has unique features such as large size, frequent recombination and incorporation of foreign DNA. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is caused by rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome, and a novel chimeric open reading frame (ORF) created by shuffling of endogenous sequences is often responsible for CMS. The Ogura-type male-sterile cytoplasm is one of the most extensively studied cytoplasms in Brassicaceae. Although the gene orf138 has been isolated as a determinant of Ogura-type CMS, no homologous sequence to orf138 has been found in public databases. Therefore, how orf138 sequence was created is a mystery. In this study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of two radish mitochondrial genomes, namely, Ogura- and normal-type genomes, and analyzed them to reveal the origin of the gene orf138. Results Ogura- and normal-type mitochondrial genomes were assembled to 258,426-bp and 244,036-bp circular sequences, respectively. Normal-type mitochondrial genome contained 33 protein-coding and three rRNA genes, which are well conserved with the reported mitochondrial genome of rapeseed. Ogura-type genomes contained same genes and additional atp9. As for tRNA, normal-type contained 17 tRNAs, while Ogura-type contained 17 tRNAs and one additional trnfM. The gene orf138 was specific to Ogura-type mitochondrial genome, and no sequence homologous to it was found in normal-type genome. Comparative analysis of the two genomes revealed that radish mitochondrial genome consists of 11 syntenic regions (length >3 kb, similarity >99.9%). It was shown that short repeats and overlapped repeats present in the edge of syntenic regions were involved in recombination events during evolution to interconvert two types of mitochondrial genome. Ogura-type mitochondrial genome has four unique regions (2,803 bp, 1,601 bp, 451 bp and 15,255 bp in size) that are non-syntenic to normal-type genome, and the gene orf138 was found to be located at the edge of the largest unique region. Blast analysis performed to assign the unique regions showed that about 80% of the region was covered by short homologous sequences to the mitochondrial sequences of normal-type radish or other reported Brassicaceae species, although no homology was found for the remaining 20% of sequences. Conclusions Ogura-type mitochondrial genome was highly rearranged compared with the normal-type genome by recombination through one large repeat and multiple short repeats. The rearrangement has produced four unique regions in Ogura-type mitochondrial genome, and most of the unique regions are composed of known Brassicaceae mitochondrial sequences. This suggests that the regions unique to the Ogura-type genome were generated by integration and shuffling of pre-existing mitochondrial sequences during the evolution of Brassicaceae, and novel genes such as orf138 could have been created by the shuffling process of mitochondrial genome.

Published
2012
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6. Enhancing Non-Cognitive Skills by Applying Lesson Study in Lower Secondary Education: A Project in Vietnam

Author

Choi, Seonkyung, Kusakabe, Tatsuya, and Tanaka, Yoshiyuki

Abstract

This study examined the quantitative relationship between lesson study and non-cognitive skills in Vietnam, using t-test analysis for comparison before and after. We also looked at the relationship between lesson study and cognitive skills, teacher engagement and parental involvement. Unlike former studies, we found no relationship between lesson study and cognitive skills, however that is consistent with the general finding in the literature that lesson study seems to have more of an impact on academic performance at the primary than at the secondary level. Nonetheless, and most importantly, we did find a statistically significant relationship between lesson study and non-cognitive skills, specifically extraversion and conscientiousness, two of the Big Five traits that psychologists generally agree make up the taxonomy of non-cognitive traits. We also found that lesson study led teachers to have more dialogue with their students and parents to engage more with their children on their academic progress. In light of the correlation between lower secondary education and non-cognitive skills, these results suggest that lesson study at the lower secondary level may lead to improved academic outcomes at the upper secondary and higher education levels as well as improved life outcomes including behavioral and labor market outcomes.

Published
2022
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19. Secondary vocational education and decent work in Indonesia: differences between urban and rural areas.

Author

Choi, Seonkyung, Li, Huihui, Ogawa, Keiichi, and Tanaka, Yoshiyuki

Subjects
SCHOOL-to-work transition, PROPENSITY score matching, SECONDARY education, RURAL-urban differences, EMPLOYEE education
Abstract

Indonesia has prioritized upper secondary vocational education since 2006. This study examines the labour market outcomes of upper secondary vocational education in terms of decent work (DW), using Indonesian Family Life Survey data and a research framework that links DW into the broader labour economics of the school to work transition. We compare urban and rural workers with upper secondary vocational education to those with general education, using both simple regressions and propensity score matching. Workers with upper secondary vocational education do not earn higher wages or have better employment conditions than workers with general education. An exception is for workplace-provided training and pensions, where vocational graduates did better than general ones in 2014–15, a change from 2007; this effect was also much stronger in urban than in rural areas. Our findings raise questions about Indonesia's policy of expanding upper secondary vocational education without also focusing on its quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. The Influence of Age on the Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury: Findings from a Japanese Nationwide Survey (J-ASPECT Study-Traumatic Brain Injury)

Author

Takigami, Masayoshi, Kamiyama, Kenji, Houkin, Kiyohiro, Nishi, Shougo, Yoshimoto, Tetsuyuki, Kaneko, Sadao, Oka, Koji, Ooyama, Hiroshi, Kamada, Kyousuke, Makino, Kenichi, Tokumitsu, Naoki, Sako, Kazuhiro, Suzuki, Susumu, Suzuki, Nozomi, Izumi, Naoto, Nitta, Kazumi, Ootaki, Masahumi, Isobe, Masanori, Nishiya, Mikio, Yamazaki, Takaaki, Mabuchi, Syouji, Ogasawara, Kuniaki, Kubo, Naohiko, Shimizu, Yukihiko, Saito, Keiichi, Yamanome, Tatumi, Yoshino, Atsuo, Fujitsuka, Mitsuyuki, Takami, Masaaki, Ohtaka, Hirotoshi, Hirano, Teruyuki, Shiokawa, Yosiaki, Okada, Takaharu, Suzuki, Ichiro, Kohno, Michihiro, Haraoka, Jou, Arai, Yoshinori, Kawamura, Noriyoshi, Isoshima, Akira, Yasue, Masaharu, Takayoshi Kobayashi, Mitsuhiko Hokari, Kawai, Kensuke, Maehara, Taketoshi, Arai, Hajime, Noguchi, Makoto, Hoshino, Haruhiko, Hiyama, Hirofumi, Yoshida, Kensaku, Utsugi, Osamu, Takeda, Yasuaki, Tamaki, Kouichi, Karasudani, Hirohide, Urabe, Takao, Kobayashi, Shiro, Nakamura, Michio, Koguchi, Yorio, Ono, Junichi, Suda, Sumio, Hadeishi, Hiromu, Fukutake, Toshio, Wakui, Kenji, Tanno, Hirokazu, Ishige, Naoki, Ohasi, Takashi, Sakai, Hideki, Nishimura, Yasuaki, Watanabe, Takayuki, Matsumoto, Takashi, Koketsu, Naoki, Hirose, Yuichi, Doyu, Manabu, Hasegawa, Toshinori, Kuwayama, Naoto, Terao, Shinichi, Mizutani, Nobuhiko, Suzaki, Noriyuki, Okuda, Satoshi, Yasui, Keizo, Seki, Yukio, Hasegawa, Yasuhiro, Ikeda, Akira, Takeuchi, Youtarou, Ohara, Sigeki, Araki, Yoshio, Wakabayashi, Toshihiko, Tanaka, Hisashi, Yoshimoto, Junpei, Sugiura, Makoto, Koichiro, Ogura, Kobayashi, Nozomu, Yamada, Tomonori, Kato, Amami, Toshiho, Ohtsuki, Wakayama, Akatsuki, Takahashi, Jun, Kataoka, Hiroharu, Yoshimine, Toshiki, Nakajima, Yoshikazu, Gi, Hidehuku, Uranishi, Ryunosuke, Nakamura, Yusaku, Yamanaka, Kazunori, Ohmori, Kazumi, Matsumoto, Hiroyuki, Oiwa, Yoshitugu, Uemura, Yosihiko, Fujiwara, Hiroaki, Iwai, Yoshiyasu, Morikawa, Masashi, Tane, Kazuyuki, Hashikawa, Kazuo, Fujinaka, Toshiyuki, Yoneda, Shunichi, Yamashita, Kohsuke, Kitano, Masahiko, Tominaga, Shinsuke, Nakamura, Kazuhito, Kono, Katsuhiko, Ohata, Kenji, Taniguchi, Hirokatsu, Hazama, Takanori, Kuroiwa, Toshihiko, Tamura, Yoji, Maeno, Kazusige, Arai, Motohiro, Iwase, Masaaki, Hashimoto, Kenji, Yamada, Keisuke, Turuno, Takashi, Ichinose, Tsutomu, Kurokawa, Shinichiro, Matsuyama, Takeshi, Fujita, Toshiaki, Yuguchi, Takamichi, Teramoto, Yoshihumi, Kakita, Hiroto, Matsuo, Takayuki, Izumo, Tsuyoshi, Ryu, Nobutoshi, Naoki Kitagawa, Wataru Haraguchi, Kaminogo, Makio, Sakamoto, Seisaburo, Tokunaga, Yosiharu, Urasaki, Ei-Ichirou, Kuratsu, Junichi, Takada, Akira, Terasaki, Tadashi, Hisami Oosima, Isao Fuwa, Yamashiro, Shigeo, Hiromasa Tsuiki, Makoto Yoshikawa, Koga, Kazunari, Egami, Hiroshi, Kawamura, Tadao, Mitsuo, Kunihiko, Masaki Morisige, Takamitu Hikawa, Takeda, Yuu, Yamaguchi, Yutaka, Shunro Uchinokura, Shiro Miyata, Goya, Tomokazu, Takeshima, Hideo, Yatsushiro, Kazutaka, Ohta, Hajime, Nagadou, Tatsui, Hirahara, Kazuho, Obara, Souichi, Seto, Hiroshi, Moroki, Koiti, Arita, Kazunori, Ishiuchi, Shogo, Uchihara, Toshimitsu, Mekaru, Susumu, Nagamine, Tomoaki, Jin Momoji, Naoki Tomiyama, Atusi Kimoto, Kouzi Idomari, Kadekaru, Tsutomu, Syamoto, Hirosi, Sasaki, Osamu, Minagawa, Makoto, Takahashi, Hideaki, Hiroyuki Arai, Kiyoshi Onda, Takeuchi, Shigekazu, Abe, Hiroshi, Fukuda, Osamu, Kouno, Mitsuo, Tamura, Tetsuro, Michiya Kubo, Yukio Horie, Hondo, Hiroaki, Takada, Hisashi, Masuoka, Toru, Shirasaki, Naoki, Nitta, Hisashi, Yasuo Katsuki, Makoto Kimura, Hisato Minamide, Yutaka Hayashi, Munemoto, Shigeru, Ikeda, Kiyonobu, Yutaka Hayashi, Mitsutoshi Nakada, Sato, Syuji, Hatano, Taketo, Yamamura, Osamu, Kabuto, Masanori, Jyunya Hayashi, Takahiro Sakuma, Kinouchi, Hiroyuki, Koizumi, Hidehito, Imae, Syougo, Fujita, Manabu, Suga, Masakazu, Kanehisa Kohno, Shinji Iwata, Zenke, Kiichiro, Fujisawa, Mutsuo, Mizobuchi, Hikaru, Hayashi, Satoru, Morimoto, Masanori, Ueba, Tetsuya, Nishimura, Hiroyuki, Ikawa, Naoki, Matsumoto, Yuzo, Kannuki, Seiji, Kagawa, Masahiro, Hayashi, Naoki, Atsushi Shindo, Takashi Tamiya, Yoshino, Kimihiro, Masaoka, Tetsuya, Nakahara, Ichiro, Satoshi Suzuki, Akira Nakamizo, Okamoto, Yuji, Takahashi, Haruki, Iihara, Koji, Hirakawa, Katsuyuki, Nagata, Shinji, Ookura, Akio, Yoshiro Kaneko, Hidenori Yoshida, Nakane, Hiroshi, Inoue, Isao, Hitotsumatsu, Tsutomu, Kouichi Kuramoto, Terukazu Kuramoto, Hiromichi Ooishi, Yoshihisa Matumoto, Masani Nonaka, Tooru Inoue, Morioka, Motohiro, Shuji Sakata, Hiroshi Sugimori, Takashima, Hiroshi, Ishihara, Shin-Ichiro, Suzuyama, Kenji, Miyazono, Masayuki, Itaro Hattori, Masafumi Morimoto, Ozaki, Satoshi, Hirota, Nobuo, Yasuhiko Mochimatsu, Yasunori Takemoto, Takagi, Makoto, Kenji Nakayama, Isao Yamamoto, Hiroshi Tanaka, Yoshinori Uchida, Sakata, Katsumi, Nobutaka, Kawahara, Nomura, Motohiro, Ozawa, Hitoshi, Tsumura, Kotaro, Michiyuki Maruyama, Makoto Inaba, Mori, Tatsuro, Mori, Takahisa, Sugitani, Masato, Tanaka, Yuichiro, Yamada, Masaru, Matsumae, Mitsunori, Onitsuka, Keiichirou, Tatsuya Takahashi, Kosuke Miyahara, Endou, Sumio, Takahashi, Hidekazu, Kaidu, Hiroyuki, Chikashi Maruki, Akira Tsunoda, Fujimaki, Takamitsu, Ooigawa, Hidetoshi, Masatsugu Uchida, Masahiko Tanaka, Kouiti Katoh, Hiroshi Wanihuti, Hyodo, Akio, Asakura, Ken, Nakajima, Shigeyoshi, Kanzawa, Takao, Kurihara, Hideyuki, Ohmori, Sigehiro, Hiroshi Kusunoki, Mitsugi Yoshinao, Magarisawa, Satoshi, Okabe, Shinichi, Kujiraoka, Yuuji, Tsuruoka, Shin, Takeshita, Mikihiko, Akira Matsumura, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Uemura, Kazuya, Tabata, Hitoshi, Sonobe, Makoto, Ryoji Yoshida, Masashi Nakatsukasa, Shimoeda, Norifumi, Kunimine, Hideo, Ishihara, Masayuki, Murai, Nozomu, Murakami, Nobukuni, Kidooka, Minoru, Iwamoto, Yoshihiro, Tenjin, Hiroshi, Masahiko Takamasu, Kouji Shiga, Mori, Nobuhito, Kose, Shigeru, Kohmura, Eiji, Matsumoto, Keigo, Sakaki, Takayuki, Miyake, Hiroji, Mabuchi, Eiichiro, Yokota, Masayuki, Yosihiro Kuga, Hideyuki Ohnishi, Kimura, Mitsuru, Masaaki Saiki, Osamu Narumi, Nakajima, Norio, Asahi, Minoru, Koyama, Junji, Noda, Shinya, Iida, Junichi, Fujita, Toyohisa, Nakase, Hiroyuki, Toru Hoshida, Hidehiro Hirabayashi, Fujimoto, Takayoshi, Nakao, Naoyuki, Tanaka, Yoshiyuki, Ozaki, Fuminori, Nakamura, Yoshinari, Miki, Kazuhito, Watanabe, Takashi, Hasegawa, Seiko, Konno, Hiromu, Takemura, Atsuhito, Okubo, Atsuya, Saito, Hitoshi, Taizen Nakase, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Toshio Sasajima, Hiroaki Shimizu, Sasou, Masayuki, Watanabe, Yoichi, Kiyoshi Saito, Taku Sato, Masahiro Satoh, Satoshi Taira, Koizumi, Takayuki, Shoji Mashiyama, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Oikawa, Tomoyoshi, Sonoda, Yukihiko, Shinjiro Saito, Rei Kondo, Shinoda, Atsuo, Kamatsuka, Eiichiro, So, Keiten, Kinjo, Toshihiko, Kennji Itou, Tooru Sasaki, Hiroaki Shimizu, Hidenori Endo, Karibe, Hirosi, Takahashi, Kou, Nakajima, Masayuki, Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Takayama, Motohiro, Komuro, Taro, Fumio Suzuki, Hisao Hirai, Suzuki, Hidenori, Murata, Hiroto, Miya, Fumitaka, Kanamaru, Kenji, Tamura, Akira, Harada, Kiyoshi, Fukazawa, Seiji, Takehara, Seiya, Watanabe, Yoshihiko, Nakayama, Teiji, Hiroshi Nagura, Haruhiko Sato, Chiharu Tanoi, Shinji Amano, Kuroda, Katsuhiro, Morooka, Satoru, Masashi Kitagawa, Takafumi Wataya, Koide, Kazuo, Tanigawara, Tetsuya, Iwama, Toru, Ito, Junki, Noda, Shinji, Kouno, Kazuyuki, Kitazawa, Kazuo, Toshiki Takemae, Yoshikazu Kusano, Hokama, Masanobu, Yoshihisa Nishiyama, Hiroki Sato, Seguchi, Tatsuya, Yoshihiko Inui, Sumio Kobayashi, Oohigashi, Youji, Muraoka, Shinsuke, Miyatake, Masaki, Nakagawa Shinichi, Kensuke Hayashida, Inoue, Atsushi, Sakai, Keiichi, Yamaguchi, Shuhei, Fusao Ikawa, Tatsuya Mizoue, Hideki Irie, Gen Ishida, Kagawa, Takato, Namba, Yoichiro, Nakashima, Hiroyuki, Koji Abe, Isao Date, Uno, Masaaki, Sen Yamagata, Masaki Chin, Soitiro Takao, Hidemiti Sasayama, Kouji Muneda, Hideyuki Yoshida, Watanebe, Akira, Katou, Syouichi, Hamada, Yasuhiro, Suzuki, Michiyasu, Nishizaki, Takafumi, Yamashita, Katsuhiro, Ryuji Nakamura, Takaharu Nakamura, Wakabayashi, Shinichi, Okazaki, Takahito, Kurisu, Kaoru, Matsumoto, Masayasu, Katsuzo Kiya, Atsushi Tominaga, Syuichi Oki, Masaaki Shibukawa, Nakahara, Toshinori, Okita, Shinji, Torii, Tuyosi, Kenjirou Fujiwara, Minoru Nakagawa, Syuuhei Nishimura, Takashi Matsuoka, Naoyuki Isobe, Osamu Hamasaki, Shinji Nagahiro, Junichiro Satomi, Agawa, Masahito, Oka, Hirofumi, Yoshimura, Kunikazu, Kato, Tsutomu, Satoshi Minoshima, Nobuaki Kobayasi, Mikuni, Nobuhiro, Tanikawa, Rokuya, Sasaki, Jyunkou, Otawara, Yasunari, Tominaga, Teiji, Sasaki, Tatsuya, Takemura, Sunao, Kawakami, Masahisa, Ihara, Satoshi, Shibata, Yasushi, Saegusa, Takashi, Iuchi, Toshihiko, Ito, Chiaki, Okuda, Osamu, Yoshida, Kazunari, Masateru Katayama, Sadao Suga, Akihiro, Oikawa, Miura, Naohisa, Ota, Takahiro, Kumabe, Toshihiro, Suzuki, Sachio, Kumagai, Takashi, Nishimaki, Keiichi, Hongo, Kazuhiro, Shigeta, Hiroaki, Hattori, Kazuyoshi, Uozumi, Yoichi, Nakahara, Norimoto, Hashimoto, Nobukazu, Shu Imai, Shinichi Shirakami, Okumura, Yoshinari, Kazuhiro Yokoyama, Ryo Tamaki, Miyamoto, Susumu, Yamamoto, Kazuo, Ichioka, Tsugumichi, Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Kinoshita, Manabu, Saitoh, Minoru, Aihara, Hideo, Miyake, Hajimu, Tukasa Nishiura, Kotaro Ogihara, Nishino, Shigeki, Miyoshi, Yasuyuki, Arisawa, Tadashi, Shoji Tsuchimoto, Shigeru Daido, Kinoshita, Kimihisa, Keisuke Migita, Kiyoshi Yuki, Akatsuka, Keiichi, Fujisawa, Hirosuke, Shono, Tadahisa, Tsugu, Hitoshi, Hayashi, Shuji, Toshio Matsushima, Tatsuya Abe, Nakashima, Susumu, Tuji, Takehisa, Kaga, Akihiko, Kanemaru, Reizou, Takasaki, Koji, Imamura, Junichi, Noha, Masahiro, Watanabe, Saburo, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Hiroaki Minami, Yasuhisa Yoshida, Okumura, Tomoyoshi, Nishimura, Shinjitsu, Numazawa, Shinichi, Masanori Tsutsumi, Kiyoshi Kazekawa, Fukuyama, Kouzou, Fujimoto, Yasuhiro, Yamagami, Keitaro, Kurogi, Ryota, Kurogi, Ai, Nishimura, Kunihiro, Onozuka, Daisuke, Ren, Nice, Kada, Akiko, Nishimura, Ataru, Arimura, Koichi, Ido, Keisuke, Mizoguchi, Masahiro, Sakamoto, Tetsuya, Kayama, Takamasa, and Hagihara, Akihito

Published
2019
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32. An evolutionary view of vanillylamine synthase pAMT, a key enzyme of capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway in chili pepper.

Author

Kusaka, Hirokazu, Nakasato, Saika, Sano, Kaori, Kobata, Kenji, Ohno, Sho, Doi, Motoaki, and Tanaka, Yoshiyuki

Subjects
PEPPERS, HOT peppers, BIOSYNTHESIS, SOLANACEAE, METABOLISM, RECOMBINANT proteins
Abstract

SUMMARY: Pungent capsaicinoid is synthesized only in chili pepper (Capsicum spp.). The production of vanillylamine from vanillin is a unique reaction in the capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway. Although putative aminotransferase (pAMT) has been isolated as the vanillylamine synthase gene, it is unclear how Capsicum acquired pAMT. Here, we present a phylogenetic overview of pAMT and its homologs. The Capsicum genome contained 5 homologs, including pAMT, CaGABA‐T1, CaGABA‐T3, and two pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that pAMT is a member of the Solanaceae cytoplasmic GABA‐Ts. Comparative genome analysis found that multiple copies of GABA‐T exist in a specific Solanaceae genomic region, and the cytoplasmic GABA‐Ts other than pAMT are located in the region. The cytoplasmic GABA‐T was phylogenetically close to pseudo‐GABA‐T harboring a plastid transit peptide (pseudo‐GABA‐T3). This suggested that Solanaceae cytoplasmic GABA‐Ts occurred via duplication of a chloroplastic GABA‐T ancestor and subsequent loss of the plastid transit signal. The cytoplasmic GABA‐T may have been translocated from the specific Solanaceae genomic region during Capsicum divergence, resulting in the current pAMT locus. A recombinant protein assay demonstrated that pAMT had higher vanillylamine synthase activity than those of other plant GABA‐Ts. pAMT was expressed exclusively in the placental septum of mature green fruit, whereas tomato orthologs SlGABA‐T2/4 exhibit a ubiquitous expression pattern in plants. These findings suggested that both the increased catalytic efficiency and transcriptional changes in pAMT may have contributed to establish vanillylamine synthesis in the capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway. This study provides insights into the establishment of pungency in the evolution of chili peppers. Significance Statement: Chili pepper vanillylamine synthase (pAMT) in capsaicin biosynthesis pathway belongs to the Solanaceae cytoplasmic GABA‐Ts, which originated via duplication of a chloroplastic ancestor and exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and placenta‐specific expression, compared with other close‐related GABA‐Ts. This study presents an intriguing case of how a primary metabolism enzyme evolved into a key enzyme that contributes to lineage‐specific secondary metabolite biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. A commercial finite element approach to modelling Glacial Isostatic Adjustment on spherical self-gravitating compressible earth models

Author

Huang, Pingping (author), Steffen, Rebekka (author), Steffen, Holger (author), Klemann, Volker (author), Wu, Patrick (author), van der Wal, W. (author), Martinec, Zdeněk (author), Tanaka, Yoshiyuki (author), Huang, Pingping (author), Steffen, Rebekka (author), Steffen, Holger (author), Klemann, Volker (author), Wu, Patrick (author), van der Wal, W. (author), Martinec, Zdeněk (author), and Tanaka, Yoshiyuki (author)

Abstract

This paper presents a method that modifies commercial engineering-oriented finite element packages for the modelling of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) on a self-gravitating, compressible and spherical Earth with 3-D structures. The approach, called the iterative finite element body and surface force (FEMIBSF) approach, solves the equilibrium equation for deformation using the ABAQUS finite element package and calculates potential perturbation consistently with finite element theory, avoiding the use of spherical harmonics. The key to this approach lies in computing the mean external body forces for each finite element within the Earth and pressure on Earth's surface and core-mantle boundary (CMB). These quantities, which drive the deformation and stress perturbation of GIA but are not included in the equation of motion of commercial finite element packages, are implemented therein. The method also demonstrates how to calculate degree-1 deformation directly in the spatial domain and Earth-load system for GIA models. To validate the FEMIBSF method, loading Love numbers (LLNs) for homogeneous and layered earth models are calculated and compared with three independent GIA methodologies: the normal-mode method, the iterative body force method and the spectral-finite element method. Results show that the FEMIBSF method can accurately reproduce the unstable modes for the homogeneous compressible model and agree reasonably well with the Love number results from other methods. It is found that the accuracy of the FEMIBSF method increases with higher resolution, but a non-conformal mesh should be avoided due to creating the so-called hanging nodes. The role of a potential force at the CMB is also studied and found to only affect the long-wavelength surface potential perturbation and deformation in the viscous time regime. In conclusion, the FEMIBSF method is ready for use in realistic GIA studies, with modelled vertical and horizontal displacement rates in a disc load, Astrodynamics & Space Missions

Published
2023
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43. Effect of Re-Drying and Storage after 10°C Wet Treatment on Germination and Growth of Five Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn Cultivars

Author

Thao Thu Phan, Fukushima, Keigo, Tanaka, Yoshiyuki, Yasuba, Ken-ichiro, Yoshida, Yuichi, and Goto, Tanjuro

Subjects
cut flower quality, flowering, bolting, dehydrate, chilling
Abstract

In Eustoma (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn) cultivation in southwestern Japan, cold imbibition treatment of seeds is important to accelerate bolting and flowering of seedlings grown in the summer season. In order to facilitate the handling of cold imbibed seeds, re-drying treatment (RDT) after wet treatment at 10°C for 35 days in dark conditions (WT10°C) is considered to be an essential technique. The investigation of five Eustoma cultivars ‘Exe Lavender’, ‘Orb Snow’, ‘Philia Lavender’ , ‘Dure Lavender’ and ‘Exe Light Pink’ was to find the germinability and the growth characteristics of Eustoma when re-drying and storage at 10°C for 30 days were applied immedietely after ending the WT10°C. The results showed that germination and growth responses differed among Eustoma cultivars. RDT seeds and non- RDT seeds of ‘Exe Lavender’, ‘Orb Snow’ and ‘Philia Lavender’ had a similar germination rate. However, germination rate of RDT seeds in ‘Dure Lavender’ and ‘Exe Light Pink’ was lower than that of non-RDT seeds. There was no significant difference in cut-flower quality grown from RDT and non-RDT among ‘Exe Lavender’, ‘Orb Snow’ and ‘Dure Lavender’. However, bolting and flowering rate of RDT in ‘Dure Lavender’ and ‘Exe Light Pink’ were lower than those of non-RDT. This suggested that it might not be useful to apply RDT after the cold-wet treatment of Eustoma seed due to lower germination or bolting rates in some cultivars. Further investigation of cold-wet exposure and dehydrating conditions is required to establish RDT procedures for Eustoma cultivars.

Published
2022

44. Fasciation in Strawberry Floral Organs and Possible Implications for Floral Transition

Author

Thi Cam, Nguyen, Sunagawa, Naomichi, Sesumi, Miho, Kitamura, Yoshikuni, Tanaka, Yoshiyuki, Goto, Tanjuro, Yasuba, Ken-ichiro, and Yoshida, Yuichi

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages, Plant Science, Horticulture
Abstract

Fasciation in strawberry is characterized by an enlarged and flattened receptacle, clustering of flowers, and altered inflorescence architecture. However, the developmental process of fasciated flowers remains obscure. In this study, the fasciation incidence and developmental process in the primary fruit and inflorescence architecture were evaluated and compared for the non-susceptible cultivars, ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Sagahonoka’ and one of the most susceptible cultivars, ‘Ai-Berry’. The severity and frequency of flower and inflorescence fasciation was clearly greater in the vigorously growing large plants of ‘Ai-Berry’ compared to small plants and large plants of the other two cultivars. In ‘Ai-Berry’, the deformation of the large shoot apical meristem (SAM) into an oval shape was the initial symptom observed before and during floral transition. Such oval-shaped SAMs often differentiated two or more leaf primordia almost at the same time, which then developed into divided multiple vegetative SAMs before floral transition and linearly-fasciated SAMs during floral transition, respectively. The development of fasciation symptoms was observed after downregulation of FaTFL1. Although inflorescence or receptacle fasciation could be controlled when early and rapid floral induction was achieved by intermittent low-temperature treatment, severe fasciation was observed in late-flowered plants which were either not responsive or not subjected to this treatment. These results indicate that fasciation of floral organs may be triggered and develop during floral transition and that temperature fluctuations around boundary values between floral inhibition to induction may cause a half-finished or slowly processed floral transition and finally result in severe fasciation in vigorously growing ‘Ai-Berry’ plants.

Published
2022
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50. Mercury and DNA

Author

Torigoe, Hidetaka, Tanaka, Yoshiyuki, Ono, Akira, Kretsinger, Robert H., editor, Uversky, Vladimir N., editor, and Permyakov, Eugene A., editor

Published
2013
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