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This study employs a genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of the Third Order Exponential Smoothing model for predicting on the real-time traffic datasets of the Numenta Anomaly Benchmark (NAB). The genetic algorithm process was executed with different population sizes and gene sets. In addition, a parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted, through which the ideal number of genes and population size providing the best results within the specified range were determined. Moreover, a novel approach incorporating meta-optimization techniques is proposed to enhance the efficiency of the genetic algorithm optimization process, aiming to achieve improved accuracy in anomaly detection. The proposed methodology has been tested on various traffic data scenarios across different datasets to detect deviations critical to traffic management systems. Performance comparisons using the NAB scoring system demonstrate that the method developed in this study outperforms the majority of existing NAB algorithms, as well as the contemporary approaches of Isolation Forest, Multi-Layer Perceptron Regressor (MLPRegressor), and hybrid K-Nearest Neighbors - Gaussian Mixture Models (KNN + GMM), and is competitive with leading algorithms. The proposed approach, which achieved scores of 54.41 for ‘Standard’, 53.95 for ‘reward_low_FP_rate’, and 69.61 for ‘reward_low_FN_rate’, indicates improvements of 3.67%, 4.45%, and 2.63%, respectively, compared to the average scores of the NAB algorithms. The findings indicate that the proposed approach not only detects anomalies with high precision but also dynamically adapts to changing data characteristics without requiring manual recalibration. This study proposes a robust traffic anomaly detection method that ensures reliable monitoring and potentially facilitates effective traffic management and planning.The results of the study can be extended to other areas requiring real-time data monitoring and anomaly detection, offering a scalable solution adaptable to different contexts and requirements.

Objective: Proper analysis of the pandemic is vital for correctly managing future crises, predicting the problems encountered, reducing their effects, and taking appropriate precautions. In this study, we aimed to compare cases of emergency department (ED) in a tertiary care adult ED during the pandemic and the pre-pandemic periods to evaluate the effect of lockdowns and similar restrictive measures. Methods: “Pandemic period” was defined as the period between 11.03.2020 and 11.03.2021, and “pre-pandemic period” was defined as the period between the same dates in the previous year. Thousand cases (500 from each period) were selected by sampling method among 7137 medicolegal cases presented to the Adult ED in these two years. The total number of ED admissions and medico-legal cases’ quality, frequency, and diversity were compared. Results: Total admissions to the adult ED decreased by 42.8% during the pandemic period compared with the pre-pandemic period. Although medico-legal cases also decreased, their proportion in all admissions increased by more than 50%. Leaving the hospital voluntarily reduced significantly (p

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detects antigen-antibody interactions by using enzyme-labelled conjugates and enzyme substrates that generate colour changes. This review aims to provide an overview of ELISA, its various types, and its applications in detecting metabolites in biological fluids. The article discusses the history of the assay, its underlying principles and procedures, common ELISA protocols, and the most accurate and reliable techniques for measuring peptide molecules in biological fluids. Additionally, we emphasize best laboratory practices to achieve consistent, high-quality results and outline the essential materials for setting up an ELISA laboratory, drawing from our over 30 years of experience in the field.

Summary: Farnesylation is a lipid post-translational modification of proteins crucial for protein membrane anchoring and cellular signaling. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), such as tipifarnib, are being tested in cancer therapy. However, the full impact of FTIs on farnesylation substrates remains poorly understood, thus limiting their use in precision medicine. In this study, we performed a global proteomics analysis to investigate farnesylation and the effects of tipifarnib in lung cancer cell lines. Using metabolic labeling and mass spectrometry, we identified farnesylated proteins and mapped their subcellular localization. We also analyzed tipifarnib-dependent protein relocalization and proteome-wide changes. Key findings include the potential therapeutic value of FTIs for NRAS-mutated melanoma and GNAQ/GNA11-mutated uveal melanoma by inhibiting INPP5A farnesylation. Additionally, we identified a synergistic drug combination involving tipifarnib and a ferroptosis inducer and discovered PTP4A1 as a regulator of interferon signaling. Our data, covering 15,080 proteins, offer valuable insights for future studies of farnesylation and FTIs.

This study explores the pervasive issue of social ostracism and bullying among university students in Kazakhstan and Türkiye, underscored by Goffman’s (1963) stigma theory. It investigates how societal norms and categorizations contribute to the marginalisation of students based on various identities, leading to ‘spoiled identities’ and the amplification of these behaviours through digital media. Employing a multiple case research model within a qualitative methodological tradition, the study involves 10 students from Kazakhstan and 27 from Türkiye, utilising semi-structured interviews to collect data. The findings reveal that social ostracism and bullying are multifaceted phenomena deeply rooted in differences such as religious beliefs, political orientations, and socio-economic status. Key factors contributing to these issues include the influence of social media, lack of empathy, and prevailing social hierarchies. The effects on students’ academic, social, and emotional well-being are profound, leading to decreased engagement, isolation, and psychological distress. While some students are unaware of university support mechanisms, those who have accessed such services report positive outcomes, highlighting the importance of visibility and accessibility. The study calls for comprehensive strategies addressing both the immediate and underlying factors of social ostracism and bullying, advocating for policy development, supportive interventions, and a commitment to fostering inclusivity.

Objectives: Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF), obtained by centrifuging the peripheral blood sample of the person is an autogenous material and can be affected by systemic and genetic characteristics of the belonging person. This study was undertaken for evaluating the effect of blood group types and the diverse preparation protocols on growth factors and cytokines contained in the PRF. Methods: In total, 192 blood samples were taken from 64 donors, including 16 individuals from each blood group of 4, and from each individual 3 samples were taken for obtaining PRF, titanium platelet‐rich fibrin (T-PRF), and CGF (concentrated growth factors). The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiogenin (Ang), osteocalcin, and osteonectin contents of the PRF were measured with ELISA set. Results: When the relationship between blood groups was examined, the results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). On the other hand, growth factor content was evaluated to be higher in T-PRF than PRF and CGF (p

Mobilya, yaşam alanlarımızın temel unsurları arasında yer almaktadır. Yaşamsal ihtiyaçlarımızın karşılanmasında ya da kolaylaştırılmasında her yaşam alanında mobilyalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Şehir meydanlarından ofislere, otobüs duraklarından konutlara kadar insanın var olduğu her alanda mobilya ihtiyacı da var olmaktadır. Uzun ve zahmetli tasarım ve imalat süreçleri ile meydana gelen mobilyalarda sınai hakların tesis edilmesi mobilya sektörünü daha rekabetçi hale getirebilir. Dünya mobilya ihracatçıları istatistiklerine göre Türkiye 11nci sırada yer almaktadır. Bu durum sektörde gelişmeye açık yanların bulunduğunu işaret etmektedir. Özellikle özgün ürün geliştirmek ve ürünlerin haklarını koruma altına almak, iç ve dış piyasada işletmelere önemli kazanımlar sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada, ülkemizde mobilya endüstrisinde görülen ihtilafların çözümünde başvurulan mevzuat ve yasal yollar ile vaka incelemesi çalışmaları da yer bulmaktadır. Sınai hakların korunmasında etkili şekilde kullanılan patent - faydalı model ya da tasarım tescilleri işletmeye sınai aidiyet noktasında resmi kanıt niteliği oluşturmaktadır. Diğer yandan uluslararası ticarette hedef ülkenin meri mevzuatı dikkate alınacağından sınai hakların diğer ülkelerde de koruma altına alınmasının gerekli olduğu göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu noktada meslek örgütleri ile birlikte sivil toplum kuruluşu ve üniversitelerin iş birliği önem taşımaktadır.

Background and Objectives: In this study, the effects of an eight-week exercise and nutrition program on blood lipids, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, ghrelin, irisin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) in overweight women were investigated. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 women volunteers participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (E), nutrition (N), exercise + nutrition (E + N). While no intervention was applied to group C, the other groups participated in the predetermined programs for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of this study, body composition was measured and blood samples were taken. Results: It was determined that the body composition components, lipid profile indicators, insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, leptin, ghrelin, irisin, and MDA parameters examined in this study showed positive changes in the intervention groups. Group E had a greater effect on body muscle percentage, MDA, and irisin levels, while group N had a greater effect on blood lipids and ghrelin levels. Conclusions: As a result, it is thought that lifestyle changes are important to improve cardiovascular health and combat obesity, and that maintaining a healthy diet together with exercise may be more effective.

Günümüzde, sürekli değişen ve gelişen teknoloji, bireyler ve işletmeler için birçok uygulamayı beraberinde getirmektedir. Ancak bu uygulamaları tedarik zinciri ve üretim süreci içerisine entegre etmek, ek maliyet oluşturmanın yanı sıra ek işgücü ihtiyacı da oluşturabilmektedir. Bu gibi nedenler teknolojiyi benimseme konusunda firmaların kararlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu bilgilere dayalı olarak çalışmanın amacı, Endüstri 4.0 uygulamalarının tedarik zinciri performansına olan etkisini test etmektir. Bu doğrultuda toplam 103 üretici firmaya anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Toplanan anketlerin sonuçları, SPSS İstatistik 22.0 (IBM Corp.; Armonk, NY, ABD) programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Firmalardan toplanan verilere, açımlayıcı faktör analizi uygulanarak boyutlar elde edilmiştir. Bu veriler daha sonra yüzde – frekans analizi ve regresyon analizi testlerine tabi tutularak bulgular elde edilmiştir. Yapılan Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre yapay zekâ ve bulut bilişim boyutlarının maliyet performansı boyutu üzerinde, bulut bilişim boyutunun müşteri performansı boyutu üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Ganç oymacılık sanatı, merkezi Orta Asya olan, yüksek işçilik gerektiren ve sürdürülebilir bir süsleme sanatıdır. Antik çağlardan bu yana var olan ve içinde bulunduğu toplumlardan etkilenerek zenginleşen bu sanat dalı sürdürülebilir malzeme kullanımı ile de öne çıkmaktadır. Derin felsefi ve sanatsal anlam yüklü birimlerin birbirleri ile eşsiz uyumunu sergileyen Ganç sanatında insan faktörü önemli rol oynamaktadır. Öyle ki birbirini tamamlayan bu iki unsur aynı zamanda birbirlerini de etkilemişlerdir. Alçı taşı ve kil malzemesinden elde edilen sıvanın yüzeye iki kat olarak uygulanması ve ardından ıslak yüzeyin özel aletler ile oyularak desen işlenmesi Ganç sanatının temelini oluşturmaktadır. İslam estetiği ve felsefesi ile tanışmasıyla boyut değiştiren ve büyük bir zenginliğe kavuşan Ganç sanatı, bu zenginliği iç ve dış cephe tasarımlarına da aktarmıştır. İcra edildiği dönemin izlerini barındıran Ganç sanatı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen cephe tasarımları halen ihtişamını korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ganç oymacılık sanatının insan ve toplum ilişkisi incelenmekte, yüzey ve cephe tasarımı ile ürün tasarımına dair örnekler sunulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede sanat ve insan ilişkisini etkileyen sosyal, kültürel ve dini gelişmelerin Ganç sanatı üzerindeki etkileri günümüzden örneklerle birlikte değerlendirilmektedir.

Early differentiation of cases with severe acute cholangitis is important for optimal treatment. In this study, it was aimed to elucidate the prognosis with complete blood count parameters among patients with acute cholangitis. Clinical and laboratory findings of 200 patients with acute cholangitis at Ankara City Hospital between February 2019 and October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width and mean platelet volume levels were recorded from blood analysis at the time of admission. According to Tokyo guidelines, patients were divided into 3 groups as mild, moderate and severe acute cholangitis. In order to evaluate the prognosis, the length of hospital stay, the status of hospitalization in the medical intensive care unit and blood culture growth were investigated with hematological parameters. Of the 200 patients, 109 (54.5%) were male and 91 (45.5%) were female. According to Tokyo criteria, 17 patients' status was evaluated as severe, 70 as moderate and 113 as mild acute cholangitis. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio measurements was statistically significant in distinguishing the mild vs moderate disease (AUC=0.694; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):0.586-0.802 and p=0.008), with a diagnostic accuracy rate of 59.5%. The diagnostic accuracy rate of red cell distribution width (AUC=0.603; 95% CI: 0.523-0.683 and p=0.013) was 61.5% and the diagnostic accuracy rate of mean platelet volume (AUC=0.582 95% CI: 0.502-0.662 and p=0.047) was 57.5% achieving a statistical significance. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width and mean platelet volume analysis is routinely obtained from complete blood count almost in every patient. These are inexpensive and easily accessible diagnostic markers and thus, might be useful in the differentiation of mild and severe acute cholangitis patients and their prognosis. [Med-Science 2023; 12(3.000): 641-6]

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del bloqueo del plano erector espinal (ESPB) como terapia de rescate en la sala de recuperación. Método: Este estudio de cohortes histórico de un solo centro incluyó a pacientes que recibieron ESPB o meperidina intravenosa para el tratamiento del dolor en la sala de recuperación. Se evaluaron las puntuaciones de la escala de calificación numérica (NRS) de los pacientes y los consumos de opiáceos. Resultados: En el análisis estadístico se incluyeron 108 pacientes. Recibieron ESPB 62 (57%) pacientes y los otros 46 (43%) fueron manejados solo con bolos de meperidina intravenosa. Las dosis acumuladas de meperidina administradas fueron 0 (0-40) y 30 (10-80) mg para los grupos de ESPB y de meperidina sola, respectivamente (p < 0.001). Las puntuaciones de dolor del grupo ESPB fueron significativamente más bajas que las del grupo de meperidina sola en T30 y T60. Conclusiones: El ESPB reduce la frecuencia de administración de opiáceos y la cantidad de estos administrada en el posoperatorio temprano. Cuando se requiera terapia de rescate posoperatoria, se debe considerar antes que los opiáceos.

Background and objectives: In this study, the perception of sexuality in the elderly was examined. The aim of the study was to understand the importance, necessity, continuity, frequency of elderly sexuality for the elderly, and the elderly's view of social prejudices against elderly sexuality. The fact that there are few studies on the sexuality of the elderly in Turkey makes this study important. Research design and methods: The study was conducted with qualitative research method. A semi-structured interview form, which was revised through pilot implementation and expert opinion, was used to collect data. The sample of the study consisted of 9 men and 5 women over the age of 60 living in Bingöl province, who were reached using purposive sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were recorded by voice recording and note-taking method. The data obtained were thematized and analyzed. Results: According to the findings, sexual life of elderly individuals continues, the frequency varies according to individuals, sexuality is important for the elderly, but the importance ranking is in the background in the context of other needs, social prejudices are opposed, physiological disorders and the problem of absence of a spouse lead to a decrease in sexuality, and elderly sexuality is seen as normal by the elderly in religious and social terms. Discussion and implications: It was discussed that contrary to social prejudices, the sexuality of the elderly continues and this is not a taboo for the elderly.

A model for predicting extrauterine tumor spread in patients with endometrial cancer Abstract Background: The factors predicting extrauterine spread in patients undergoing staging surgery with the diagnosis of endometrial cancer were investigated. Aims: The study aimed to create a model using demographic, surgical, and pathological factors to predict extrauterine spread. Methods: Included in the study were 355 patients with a final diagnosis of endometrial cancer who underwent surgery for staging purposes. The effect of surgical-prognostic factors on extrauterine spread was analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Extrauterine spread was detected in 97 patients. A multivariate logistic regression model that was created to determine the factors affecting extrauterine spread identified the presence of lymphovascular invasion, cervical invasion, peritoneal cytology positivity and tumor type as independent factors. A model was created using these four independent risk factors. According to this model, the rate of extrauterine spread was 6.4% in patients who did not have the risk factors and 100% in patients who had all the risk factors (p

The Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic has shown us that the number of intensive care beds can be severely limited for postoperative care of high-risk patients. This situation has led to the need to develop a perioperative plan without intensive care support in the management of high-risk abdominal emergencies that cannot be postponed. In this case series, we shared our experiences of awake laparotomy under combined spinal epidural anesthesia in four cases in the related patient group. The patients’ age and ARISCAT score median (min-max) values were respectively 73 years (56-85) and 68 (52-74), ASA scores were III, and all were at high risk for pulmonary complications. The probabilities of mortality, serious complications and expected hospital stay were 23% (11-36%), 40% (34-48%), and 15.5 (13.5-19) days. It was planned to operate the patients under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Epidural catheters were placed to cover the dermatome range of the planned surgical incision. Spinal anesthesia dose and initial level target was individualized according to the age and hemodynamic status of the patients, and 0.5% heavy-bupivacaine was administered. All patients underwent gastrointestinal resection at different levels, accompanied by anastomosis or stoma opening. The median (min-max) of the surgical times was 155 (120-210) minutes. No new clinical condition requiring intensive care or not in the preoperative period was observed in the service care of any patient. The hospital stay was observed as 7.5 (5-13) days.

In this study, the effects of exercise applied to sedentary individuals and the use of pomegranate–black carrot juice on minerals, fatty acids and some biochemical parameters were examined. Twenty healthy sedentary men participated in this study. This research consisted of three stages. Blood samples were taken from the participants before this study (Baseline), after the participants exercised (60 min/day) for 10 days (Exerciseonly), after the participants were given pomegranate–black carrot juice mixture (100 mL/100 mL) along with exercise (60 min/day) for 10 days (Exercise+supp). While AST and ALT levels increased in the Exerciseonly phase, they showed a relative decrease in the Exercise+supp phase. It was determined that Mg level in the Exerciseonly phase decreased compared to the Baseline and the Exercise+supp phase. It was determined that the Zn level in the Exercise+supp phase increased compared to the Zn level in the Exerciseonly phase. It was determined that 6:0, 12:0 and 14:0 fatty acid levels increased in the Exerciseonly phase compared to the Baseline. A decrease was detected in the Exerciseonly phase compared to the Baseline 18:2n6c, 18:3n6 and 18:3n3 fatty acid levels. It can be said that exercise and the use of pomegranate–black carrot juice mixture in sedentary individuals have supportive and corrective effects on serum mineral, fatty acids and some biochemical parameters.

Background and Objectives: In this study, the effects of a six-week training program and various diets on subfatin, asprosin, irisin, leptin, ghrelin and the lipid profile were investigated in overweight women. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 women voluntarily participated in the study. Groups: The study was divided into eight groups: Healthy Control, Obese Control, Obese + Vegetarian, Obese + Ketogenic, Obese + Intermittent Fasting, Obese + Exercise + Vegetarian, Obese + Exercise + Ketogenic and Obese + Exercise + Intermittent Fasting. While there was no intervention in the healthy and obese control groups, the other groups followed predetermined exercise and diet programs for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the participants in the research group twice (before and after the interventions). An autoanalyzer was used to determine the lipid profile in the blood samples taken, and the ELISA method was used to analyze other parameters. Results: Overall, a significant difference was found in the values of weight, BMI, subfatin, ghrelin, leptin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL as a result of the exercise and diet interventions (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in asprosin and irisin values (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, regular exercise and dietary interventions in obese women can regulate lipid profile, ghrelin, leptin and asprosin levels, and increasing irisin with exercise can activate lipid metabolism and support positive changes in lean mass.

Objectives:To evaluate the demographic data, ocular and systemic findings, clinical management, and outcomes of patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP).Materials and Methods:The medical records of 11 patients diagnosed as having OCP in the ophthalmology department of Ege University between 2008 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively.Results:The patients’ mean follow-up time was 14±5.76 months. All eyes (100%) had conjunctival involvement and 18 (81.81%) had corneal involvement. According to the Tauber staging system, 7 (31.81%), 8 (36.36%), and 7 (31.81%) of the eyes were stage 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The diagnosis was confirmed in 6 (66.66%) of 9 patients who underwent biopsy. Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 7 eyes, entropion surgery in 2 eyes, and electrocauterization for trichiasis in 5 eyes. Systemic involvement was observed in 45.45% (5/11) of patients, most commonly oral mucosal involvement (18.18%). Review of medical records showed that alkylating agents, steroids, and dapsone were used in patients treated before 2020. Mycophenolate mofetil was preferred to be used in combination with corticosteroids. Although treatment responses before mycophenolate mofetil usage could not be evaluated well because of loss to follow-up, 4 (66.66%) of 6 patients who received steroid treatment combined with mycophenolate mofetil showed partial or complete clinical remission. No serious side effects and drug withdrawal were observed.Conclusion:OCP is a sight-threatening autoimmune disease that affects older adults. Although positive biopsy results are valuable for diagnosis, negative results do not exclude the diagnosis. The main treatment is systemic immunosuppressives. Disease activity can be suppressed, especially with early initiation of drug therapy. These patients require a multidisciplinary approach. Especially in the presence of isolated ocular findings, ophthalmologists should be able to make the decision to start immunosuppressive treatment, and systemic treatment should not be delayed.

Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı disiplinlerde eğitime devam eden üniversite öğrencilerinin ötenaziye ilişkin görüşlerini; ölüme karşı tutum, tanımlayıcı özellik ve kişisel tecrübe değişkenleri çerçevesinde inceleyerek aralarındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi ve İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa’da eğitim gören 354 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada; “Bilgi Formu”,“ Ölüme Karşı Tutum Ölçeği” ve “Ötenaziye Yönelik Tutumlar ve Görüşler Anket Formu” araçlarından yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analiz işleminde; bağımsız örneklemler t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, spearman’s rho ve ki kare testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; öğrencilerin eğitime devam ettikleri bölüm, ağrılı hastalık yaşayan bir yakına şahit olma, kayıp yaşama ve dindarlık düzeyi değişkenleri ile öğrencilerin ölüme karşı tutumları ve ötenaziye ilişkin görüşleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılaşma tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda elde edilen bulgular neticesinde öğrencilerin ötenazi yaklaşımları ile ölüme karşı tutumları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Background and objectives: The Beach Chair Position (BCP) has many advantages such as less neurovascular injury and better intra-articular visualization, but it has also negative consequences, including hemodynamic instability. Although maintaining normal Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is important, fluid management is also a crucial concept for hemodynamic stability. The main objective of this study is whether preloading before positioning would be effective for less hemodynamic instability. Methods: This randomized, controlled study was conducted in a single center in the Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. Forty-nine patients undergoing elective arthroscopic surgery in the BCP were recruited. In the study group, crystalloid fluid at 10...mL.kg-1 of ideal body weight was administered intravenously 30...min before the BCP for preloading. The primary outcome measures were differences of hemodynamic variables as MAP, Stroke Volume (SV), Heart Rate (HR), and Cardiac Output (CO). The secondary outcome measures were Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) rates in postoperative first day, surgical satisfaction scale, total ephedrine dose used during surgery, and total amount of fluid. Results: The MAP, CO, and SV measurements of the study group were higher than those of the control group in the 5th minute after the BCP (respectively, p...=...0.001, p...=...0.016, p...=...0.01). The total amount of crystalloid and surgical satisfaction scales were higher in the study group (respectively, p...=...0.016, p...=...0.001). Total amount of colloid and ephedrine dose used in the intraoperative period, and PONV rates were lower in the study group (p...=...0.003, p...=...0.018, p...=...0.019, respectively). Conclusion: Consequently, preloading can be favorable approach to preserve hemodynamic stability.

The main goal of this study is to determine the extent to which academically successful students studying in secondary schools in Turkey that only accept students scoring in extremely high (94th-99th) percentile on standardized tests harbor intentions to emigrate from Turkey in the future. In addition, a secondary goal is to examine why they intend to carry out the various academic work, scientific work, cutting-edge technological research, and/or plans, patents, and discoveries related to R & D that they have already designed or plan to do in the future in different countries, i.e. why they intend to emigrate. The study was designed in accordance with qualitative research methods; three different groups were defined in order to obtain three sets of data. The first set of data was collected from 40 students from a school in Ankara that only accepts students who score in the 99th percentile or higher on the LYS-TEOG [LYS=Undergraduate Placement Exam; TEOG= Transition From Primary to Secondary Education Exam), the second set of data was obtained from a total of 98 students from a school that accepts students whose scores range from the 97th to the 99th percentile on the LYS-TEOG, and the third and final set of data was collected from a total of 56 students from a different school, one that accepts students whose scores range from the 94th to the 96th percentile on the LYS-TEOG. NVIVO 11, a qualitative data analysis computer software package, was used during the analysis of the findings; content analysis was the preferred research method. The findings of the study indicate that a large percentage of the most academically successful students in Turkey intend to emigrate as a direct result of the lack of trust in their own country, non-merit-based hiring standards & administrative decisions, the perception that science and research are not highly valued in Turkey, and concerns over the lack of support for workers and researchers alike.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is known to negatively affect the health of people at all ages. There are many factors that affect the phobia process and the resulting phobia level in humans. The aim of this study is to compare the coronavirus-19 phobia levels and the factors affecting it between adults under the age of 65 and individuals over the age of 65 who applied to the cardiology policlinic. Subjects and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 443 individuals over the age of 18 who applied to the cardiology policlinic of Aydın State Hospital. Research data were collected between 01 November 2020 – 01 April 2021 using the information form and draft scale developed by the researchers. The data were collected by face-to-face interview technique, paying attention to social distance and hygiene rules with individuals. Results: The gender and age distribution of the participants was 60.5% male, 39.5% female, with a mean age 53.9 ± 16.7 (min. 18-max. 95). The mean of CP19-S total scores was found to be 55.5 ± 11.3. According to the results obtained from the study, it was found that patients ≥ 65 years of age (50.87 ± 9.82) had a higher level of coronavirus-19 phobia compared to patients under

Türkiye 1980'li yıllarda gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ihracata dayalı ekonomik modellerini benimseyerek kendine gelişmiş ülkelerin seviyesine ulaşabilmeyi hedef edinmiştir. Devlet ihracatı geliştirebilme adına çeşitli stratejiler benimsenmiş, ithalat kısıtlamalarını kaldırarak ihracatın artırılmasına odaklanmıştır. 1990'lı yıllardan itibaren dış ticarette önemli gelişmeler yaşanmış ve 2000'li yıllarda da bu artış devam etmiştir. Fakat elde edilen veriler ithalat artışının sürekli olarak ihracat artışından daha fazla olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu durumun sebeplerinden biri de Türkiye ekonomisinde sermaye ve ara ürün ithalatının üretimde kritik bir faktör oluşturmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’de makine sanayinde hedeflenen bir ihracat rakamına ulaşılırken üretiminde kullanılan ve yine makine sanayinde yer alan ithal sermayenin miktar tahminin sağlanmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda dünyada en çok kompresör ihracatı yapan ülkelere ait kompresör ihracatı verileri, kompresör üretiminde kullanılan kaynak makinalarının ithalat verileri ve Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hasıla (GSYİH) verileri elde edilmiştir. Matlab uygulamasında yapılan analizde en iyi tahmin sonucunu elde etmek amacıyla uygulamada yer alan tüm regresyon analiz metotları veriler üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda MSE, RMSE, MAE ve R2 değerleri için en iyi ve anlamlı sonucun optimize edilmiş GSR metodu ile sağlandığı belirlenmiştir. Optimize edilmiş GSR metodunda MSE, RMSE, MAE için 0.160, 0.400, 0.283 ile hata payında en düşük değerler elde edilirken, 0.87 ile en yüksek R2 değerinin sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Optimize edilmiş GSR metodunda yer alan modele ait fonksiyonun kullanımıyla Türkiye’de 200.000.000$ değerindeki kompresör ihracatı için kompresör üretiminde kullanılan ithal kaynak makinası miktarının ne olması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen tahmin verileri de optimize edilmiş GSR metodu ile sağlanan 0.87 değerindeki R2 değerinin doğruluğunu desteklemektedir.

In this study, the area of influence of agricultural machinery in Tokat, its districts and the size of the cultivated area were compared. Required number of machineries was evaluated. Thus, the machines were divided into seven groups (Soil Tillage Machinery, Sowing and Planting Machinery, Maintenance and Fertilization Machinery, Plant Protection Machinery, Harvesting Machinery, Combine Harvester, Tractors). Data on the number of cultivated areas and agricultural machinery were taken from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The number of machines, daily working time, annual workable days, effective working capacity, and machine impact area for each machine were calculated separately. Based on this data, the number of machines that should be in each district was determined. As a result, it was determined that the number of Subsoiler, Combi Harrow, Stone Collecting Machinery, Rotary Cultivator, Soil levelling Machinery, Rotary Tiller, Seedling Planting Machinery, Arc Opening Plough, Manure Spreading Machinery, Baler, and Combine Harvester is insufficient in the province of Tokat. It was determined that other machines in the groups were more than necessary. Baler had the highest deficit, while tractor had the highest surplus. The importance of planning in enterprises and the machines that should be prioritized in the production of industrialists have been revealed.

For food safety, quality control from the foodstuff production to the tasting of foods is needed and should be simple and non-destructive. Recent and notable non-destructive measurements of food and agricultural products are based on optical and spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopy, meets the requirements of industrial applications for continuous quality control and process monitoring. Hence, this article covers a survey of recent research works, highlighting the application of spectroscopy and machine learning in food processing from bibliographic database. The survey was based on relevant articles, obtained from scientific database and evaluated selected research works based on survey inquires, the assessment included food processing problem addressed (varieties classification, origin identification, adulteration and quality control), types of spectroscopy used, machine learning models applied to solve the particular problem and keyword analysis to show the perspective of the research.

Background and Aim: Intramuscular myxomas are uncommon benign tumors that are rarely seen in the paraspinal musculature. They might present with neurological symptoms if situated near the spinal cord or may present with nonspecific symptoms such as back pain. Case Presentation: The case of this study was a 46-year-old female presented with back pain that was exacerbated with movement. A thoracolumbar magnetic resonance imaging revealed a T2 hyperintense 35x25x85 mm mass that extends craniocaudally within the right-sided paraspinal muscles with heterogeneous contrast enhancement on T1 sequence images. Using a paramedian incision, paraspinal muscles were dissected, and a rubbery mass was palpated within. The tumor was mobilized in all quadrants and removed with its pseudocapsule. The tumor internally had a gel-like substance with rubbery margins. The patient was discharged without complications. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the 16th case of paraspinal intramuscular myxoma in the literature. Even though it is a rare entity, one must be vigilant for pathologies within the paraspinal muscles in patients with back pain

Amaç: Güney Marmara Bölgesinde otopsi işlemi için Adli Tıp Kurumu Bursa Grup Başkanlığına gönderilen 0-24 aylık 474 bebeğin ölüm olgusu araştırılıp otopsi ve adli inceleme bulgularının literatür eşliğinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araçlar ve Yöntem: 2011-2018 yılları arasında otopsisi yapılan 474 bebek ölümleri olguları; cinsiyet, bebeğin öldüğü zamanki yaşı (gün olarak), ölüm orijini ve nedeni, ölüm yılı, ölüm yeri ya da ölü bulunduğu yer, ölümlerin mevsimsel dağılımı, patolojik ve toksikolojik inceleme sonuçları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler, kodlandıktan sonra bilgisayara yüklenmiş ve SPSS programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: 2011-2018 yılları arasında otopsisi yapılan 0-2 yaş grubu 474 çocuğun yaş ortancası 90 gün olarak elde edilmiştir. Çocukların %57,3’ü (n=271) erkek, %15,6’sı (n=74) Suriyeli uyruklu olduğu saptanmıştır. Ölüm nedeni en fazla akciğer hastalığı (%25,7) ve asfiksi (%14,3); ölüm orijini ise en fazla doğal ölüm (%52,7) şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Ölüm nedenleri aylara göre ele alındığında, Aralık, Ocak, Mart ve Mayıs aylarında yapılan otopsilerde ölüm nedeni en fazla akciğer hastalıkları olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Güney Marmara Bölgesi için bebek ölümlerinin oranı ve nedenleri açısından aydınlatıcı bir gösterge olabileceğinden önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bebek ölümlerine otopsi işlemi uygulanmamış olan diğer klinik çalışmalarla birlikte önlenebilir bebek ölüm nedenleri olan yabancı cisim aspirasyonu, enfeksiyon ve travmalar açısından dikkat çekilmesi gerektiğini belirtmiştir. Ayrıca bebek ölümlerinde otopsi işlemi uygulanması ve raporlama standartları konusunda bilgiler sunulmuştur.

Background. In this study, the effects of pomegranate-black carrot juice mixture on serum and erythrocytes of sedentary individuals who had exhaustion test were investigated. Methods. A total of 20 men voluntarily participated in the study. Blood samples were obtained from participants on three conditions. First, before the study, blood samples of participants were collected (baseline). Second, the same participants performed in the 20-meter shuttle run test for 1 week each day and were subjected to oxidative stress. Lastly, the same participants were given a mixture of pomegranate-black carrot juices (100 ml/100 ml) for a week, 45 minutes prior to the 20-meter shuttle run test, and the stress + supplement was performed. Blood samples were taken at the end of each process. Results. In the erythrocytes, while the oxidative stress condition malondialdehyde (MDA) level and carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity levels increased compared to the baseline, reduced glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity levels decreased. In stress + supplement conditions, while GSH and GR levels increased according to oxidative stress conditions, CA and MDA levels decreased. While the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level of the oxidative stress condition increased compared to the baseline, the LDH level of the stress + supplement decreased compared to the oxidative stress condition. Conclusions. Our results showed that the level of oxidative stress in subjects exposed to the exhaustion test decreased with the mixture of pomegranate-black carrot juices.

In the future, the world is likely to face water and therefore food shortages due to reasons such as global warming, population growth, the melting of glaciers, the destruction of agricultural lands over time or their use for different purposes, and environmental pollution. Although technological developments are important for people to live a more comfortable and safer life, it is also possible to reduce and even repair the damage to nature and protect nature itself thanks to new technologies. There is a requirement to detect abnormal water usage in agriculture to avert water scarcity, and an electronic system can help achieve this objective. In this research, an experimental study was carried out to detect water leaks in the field in order to prevent water losses that can occur in agriculture, where water consumption is the highest. Therefore, in this study, low-cost embedded electronic hardware was developed to detect over-watering by means of normal and thermal camera sensors and to collect the required data, which can be installed on a mobile agricultural robot. For image processing and the diagnosis of abnormal conditions, the collected data were transferred to a personal computer server. Then, software was developed for both the low-cost embedded system and the personal computer to provide a faster detection and decision-making process. The physical and software system developed in this study was designed to provide a water leak detection process that has a minimum response time. For this purpose, mathematical and image processing algorithms were applied to obtain efficient water detection for the conversion of the thermal sensor data into an image, the image size enhancement using interpolation, the combination of normal and thermal images, and the calculation of the image area where water leakage occurs. The field experiments for this developed system were performed manually to observe the good functioning of the system.

Objective: This study aimed to observe the preventive effect of prophylactic treatment on joint health in people with hemophilia (PwH) and to investigate the importance of integration of ultrasonographic examination into clinical and radiological evaluation of the joints. Materials and Methods: This national, multicenter, prospective, observational study included male patients aged ≥6 years with the diagnosis of moderate or severe hemophilia A or B from 8 centers across Turkey between January 2017 and March 2019. Patients were followed for 1 year with 5 visits (baseline and 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th month visits). The Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) was used for physical examination of joints, the Pettersson scoring system was used for radiological assessment, point-of-care (POC) ultrasonography was used for bilateral examinations of joints, and the Hemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD-US) score was used for evaluation of ultrasonography results. Results: Seventy-three PwH, of whom 62 had hemophilia A and 11 had hemophilia B, were included and 24.7% had target joints at baseline. The HJHS and HEAD-US scores were significantly increased at the 12th month in all patients. These scores were also higher in the hemophilia A subgroup than the hemophilia B subgroup. However, in the childhood group, the increment of scores was not significant. The HEAD-US total score was significantly correlated with both the HJHS total score and Pettersson total score at baseline and at the 12th month. Conclusion: The HEAD-US and HJHS scoring systems are valuable tools during follow-up examinations of PwH and they complement each other. We suggest that POC ultrasonographic evaluation and the HEAD-US scoring system may be integrated into differential diagnosis of bleeding and long-term monitoring for joint health as a routine procedure.

This paper considers student employees in tourism in Antalya, Turkey. The appearance of undergraduate students in the labour market in Turkey has been an observable fact, especially since the beginning of the 2000s. One can see them in many different areas of the labour market. What matters in terms of labour demand is their student status, not their skill, experience, etc. The tourism industry is one of the economic activities in which undergraduate students are densely employed. Undergraduate students are employed informally for casual jobs by agencies functioning like employment agencies, but they are not officially employment agencies. The tourism industry in Antalya has a seasonal nature, and of course employment in this area is seasonal as well. However, in some seasons, there is an instant labour demand, and undergraduate students are viewed as a good labour supply for this demand. Currently, no scientific work has been carried out on this issue. This paper intends to present some preliminary findings on student employment.

Different subsets of Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC), including the intriguing set of individuals with severe/widespread amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques but no/mild tau tangles [Aβ-predominant (AP)-ADNC], may have distinct genetic and clinical features. Analysing National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data, we stratified 1187 participants into AP-ADNC (n = 95), low Braak primary age-related tauopathy (PART; n = 185), typical-ADNC (n = 832) and high-Braak PART (n = 75). AP-ADNC differed in some clinical features and genetic polymorphisms in the APOE, SNX1, WNT3/MAPT and IGH genes. We conclude that AP-ADNC differs from classical ADNC with implications for in vivo studies.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with intestinal manifestations. Genetic predisposition, including inborn errors of the OAS-RNAseL pathway, has been reported. We sequenced 154 MIS-C patients and utilized a novel statistical framework of gene burden analysis, burdenMC, which identified an enrichment for rare predicted-deleterious variants in BTNL8 (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 3.5-5.3, P < 10-6). BTNL8 encodes an intestinal epithelial regulator of Vγ4+γδ T cells implicated in regulating gut homeostasis. Enrichment was exclusive to MIS-C, being absent in patients with COVID-19 or bacterial disease. Using an available functional test for BTNL8, rare variants from a larger cohort of MIS-C patients (n = 835) were tested which identified eight variants in 18 patients (2.2%) with impaired engagement of Vγ4+γδ T cells. Most of these variants were in the B30.2 domain of BTNL8 implicated in sensing epithelial cell status. These findings were associated with altered intestinal permeability, suggesting a possible link between disrupted gut homeostasis and MIS-C-associated enteropathy triggered by SARS-CoV-2.

IntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, yet our comprehension predominantly relies on studies within non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations. Here we provide an extensive survey of the proteomic landscape of AD across diverse racial/ethnic groups.MethodsTwo cortical regions, from multiple centers, were harmonized by uniform neuropathological diagnosis. Among 998 unique donors, 273 donors self-identified as African American, 229 as Latino American, and 434 as NHW.ResultsWhile amyloid precursor protein and the microtubule-associated protein tau demonstrated higher abundance in AD brains, no significant race-related differences were observed. Further proteome-wide and focused analyses (specific amyloid beta [Aβ] species and the tau domains) supported the absence of racial differences in these AD pathologies within the brain proteome.DiscussionOur findings indicate that the racial differences in AD risk and clinical presentation are not underpinned by dramatically divergent patterns in the brain proteome, suggesting that other determinants account for these clinical disparities.HighlightsWe present a large-scale proteome (∼10,000 proteins) of DLPFC (998) and STG (244) across AD cases. About 50% of samples were from racially and ethnically diverse brain donors. Key AD proteins (amyloid and tau) correlated with CERAD and Braak stages. No significant race-related differences in amyloid and tau protein levels were observed in AD brains. AD-associated protein changes showed a strong correlation between the brain proteomes of African American and White individuals. This dataset advances understanding of ethnoracial-specific AD pathways and potential therapies.

Abstract Laser heating of gold nanospheres (GNS) is increasingly prevalent in biomedical applications due to tunable optical properties that determine heating efficiency. Although many geometric parameters (i.e. size, morphology) can affect optical properties of individual GNS and their heating, no specific studies of how GNS aggregation affects heating have been carried out. We posit here that aggregation, which can occur within some biological systems, will significantly impact the optical and therefore heating properties of GNS. To address this, we employed discrete dipole approximation (DDA) simulations, Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and laser calorimetry on GNS primary particles with diameters (5, 16, 30 nm) and their aggregates that contain 2 to 30 GNS particles. DDA shows that aggregation can reduce the extinction cross-section on a per particle basis by 17–28%. Experimental measurement by UV–Vis and laser calorimetry on aggregates also show up to a 25% reduction in extinction coefficient and significantly lower heating (~ 10%) compared to dispersed GNS. In addition, comparison of select aggregates shows even larger extinction cross section drops in sparse vs. dense aggregates. This work shows that GNS aggregation can change optical properties and reduce heating and provides a new framework for exploring this effect during laser heating of nanomaterial solutions.

Traumatic asphyxia is a rare and serious clinical syndrome, which is identified by subconjunctival haemorrhage, facial oedema, craniocervical cyanosis and petechiae on the upper chest and the face regions. It occurs when the chest and/or upper abdomen regions are subjected to blunt trauma due to sudden compressions. This syndrome may develop if there is an occurrence of Valsalva manoeuvre during thoracic compression. Although patients appear to be very clinically ill, they can still have a very good prognosis with effective and timely treatment. However, long-term thoracic compressions may cause cerebral anoxia and neurological sequelae. Its treatment is usually conservative, and the course depends on the accompanying injuries. Herein, we report four cases of traumatic asphyxia that can be recognised by the physicians working in the paediatric emergency department if they are aware of the diagnosis.