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Ophiocordyceps ovatospora H. Yu & D.X. Tang, sp. nov. Fig. 2 MycoBank: MB 845477 Etymology:— The epithet “ovatospora” refers to the ovate shape of conidia. Holotype:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Jiangcheng County, Jiahe Town, Jiangxi village, 23°13′50′′N, 101°19′13′′E, alt. 880 m, on a termite buried in soil, 15 June 2022, H. Yu (YHH 2206001, holotype; YFCC 22069183, ex-type culture). GenBank accession number: ITS = OP295105, nrSSU = OP295110, nrLSU = OP295113, tef-1a = OP313801, rpb1 = OP313803, rpb2 = OP313805. Description:—Sexual morph: Stroma solitary, simple, cylindrical or clavate, glabrous, smooth, up to 11–16 cm (x̅ = 13 cm) long, 1–1.2 mm (x̅ = 1 mm) in diam., pale yellow, 9 cm emerging above leaf litter, 4 cm buried in the soil, fertile portion enlarging and generating toward the upper part of stromata, 30–35 × 1.2–1.4 mm (x̅ = 35 × 1.3 mm, n = 2), with perithecial apices. Perithecia pseudo-immersed, ovoid to pyriform, with short, exposed neck or rounded ostiole, (100–)110–140 × (75–)80–110 µm (x̅ = 125 × 95 µm, n = 30). Asci hyaline, filiform, 8-spored, (100–)110–125(–130) × (4–)5–7 µm (x̅ = 120 × 6 µm, n = 30); ascus caps prominent, capitate, 3–4 µm high (x̅ = 4 µm, n = 30) and 4–5 µm wide (x̅ = 4 µm, n = 30). Ascospores whole, hyaline, filiform, multiseptate, (100–)110–130 × 1–2 µm (x̅ = 120 × 2 µm, n = 20). Asexual morph: Hirsutella. Colonies on PDA, 55–60 mm diam. In 30 days at 25 °C, mycelium abundant, cushioned, slightly convex, pale to ivory. Stromata emerging after 10 days, ivory to pale yellow, up to 25–40 × 1–2 mm (x̅ = 30 × 1.5 mm, n = 30), reverse pale yellow to dark purple.Asexual conidiogenous structures were not observed from the stroma. Hyphae hyaline, septate, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells arising from aerial mycelium on PDA, monophialidic or rarely polyphialidic, hyaline, smooth, swollen towards the base, flask-shaped, tapering gradually into a thin neck, (10–)15–35(–40) µm (x̅ = 25 µm, n = 20) long, (2–)3–6 µm (x̅ = 5 µm, n = 20) wide at the base, 0.6–1.2 µm (x̅ = 0.8 µm, n = 20) wide at the apex. Conidia solitary, smooth-walled, hyaline, ovate, 3–5 × 3–4 µm (x̅ = 4 × 3.5 µm, n = 20). Habitat:— On adult termites (Termitidae) buried in soil, emerging from the leaf litter in subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaf forest. Known distribution:— China, Yunnan Province, Jiangcheng County, Jiahe Town, Jiangxi village. Additional specimen examined:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Jiangcheng County, Jiahe Town, Jiangxi village, 23°13′50′′N, 101°19′13′′E, alt. 880 m, on a termite buried in soil, 15 June 2022, D.X. Tang (YHH 2206002; YFCC 22069184, living culture). GenBank accession number: ITS = OP295106, nrSSU = OP295111, nrLSU = OP295114, tef-1a = OP313802, rpb1 = OP313804. Notes:— Ophiocordyceps ovatospora is characterized by solitary pale yellow stromata, pseudo-immersed, ovoid to pyriform perithecia, filiform asci, filiform ascospores, and flask-shaped conidiogenous cells with solitary conidia. In the phylogenetic analyses, O. ovatospora was clustered in Hirsutella clade of Ophiocordyceps and formed a sister lineage with O. khokpasiensis, with strong statistical support by BP = 100%, PP = 100%. The total sequence length was 5573 bp for O. ovatospora and O. khokpasiensis, the gap sites of O. ovatospora was 463 bp, and O. khokpasiensis was 3785 bp, their conserved sites were 1788 bp, and variable sites were 26 bp. Ophiocordyceps ovatospora is morphologically similar to O. khokpasiensis by producing pseudo-immersed perithecia, filiform asci and ascospores, monophialidic phialides, and oval conidia. However, the two species differ in size of the perithecia, asci and ascospores. Ophiocordyceps ovatospora has smaller perithecia than O. khokpasiensis (110–140 × 80–110 µm vs. 200–250 × 120–200 µm) but larger asci (110–125 × 5–7 µm vs. 62.5–125 × 4–5 µm) (Table 2)., Published as part of Tang, Dexiang, Zhu, Juye, Luo, Lijun, Hou, Donghai, Wang, Zhiqin, Yang, Shidao & Yu, Hong, 2022, Ophiocordyceps ovatospora sp. nov. (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales), pathogenic on termites from China, pp. 105-117 in Phytotaxa 574 (1) on pages 111-113, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7359863

Additional file 7: Table S1. Summary of the sequences and richness and diversity indexes of the bacteria in the fruiting bodies. Table S2. Summary of the sequences and richness and diversity indexes of the bacteria in the soil microhabitat. Table S3. Summary of the sequences and richness and diversity indexes of the fungi in the fruiting bodies. Table S4. Summary of the sequences and richness and diversity indexes the fungi in the soil microhabitat.

Additional file 12: Table S14. Taxonomic summary of 4 supercore microorganisms.

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Rarefaction curves of the bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities collected from fruiting bodies of O. highlandensis and the surrounding soil.

Additional file 5: Fig. S5. Density plots of the NSTI values from the function prediction process performed with PICRUSt2 software.

Additional file 9: Table S8. Results of a pairwise permutational MANOVA on the beta diversity of the bacterial community composition in the fruiting body. ​P-values result from 999 permutations of a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix. The bold values indicate statistically significant results.

Additional file 8: Table S5. Pairwise comparisons of the Shannon index and Evenness parameter among the bacterial groups inhabiting the soil microhabitat. The bold values represent statistically significant results. Table S6. Pairwise comparisons of the Shannon index and evenness parameter among the fungal groups inhabiting the fruiting body. The bold values indicate statistically significant results. Table S7. Pairwise comparisons of the Shannon index and Evenness parameter among the fungal groups inhabiting the soil microhabitat. The bold values represent statistically significant results.

Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Box plot of multivariate alpha dispersions of the microbial composition. (A) Comparisons of the bacterial alpha dispersions (Evenness parameter) grouped with multivariate variables. (B) Comparisons of the fungal alpha dispersions (Evenness parameter) grouped with multivariate variables.