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This article provided an overview of the basic concepts and historical development of hernias. The introduction of the concept of “tension-free hernioplasty” marked a milestone in hernia surgery, while the establishment of the concept of “abdominal domain” has propelled its development. This article introduced the introduction and promotion of hernia repair techniques in China, with a focus on discussing the stages of development for Chinese hernia surgical repair techniques including open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, as well as the application and development of minimally invasive techniques. It emphasized that surgical methods should be selected based on the classification of abdominal wall hernia and the 3R(repair, reconstruction, restoration) principle for abdominal wall reconstruction. Additionally, this article explored advancements in materials science and the promotion of day surgery models.

The digital economy, an essential engine for the high-quality development of China's economy, has the potential to become a breakthrough in promoting the rapid recovery of tourism. From a spatial perspective, this study used panel data from 284 prefecture-level and higher cities in China from 2011 to 2019 and constructed a spatial Durbin model (SDM) to empirically test the spatial effect and mechanism of the digital economy on tourism development. (1) Digital economy and tourism development showed significant positive global spatial autocorrelation during the study period. Hotspots of the digital economy have long been located in southeastern coastal areas, and cold spots in central and western China have shrunk significantly. Tourism development hotspots are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations and in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Chongqing. Cold spots were distributed in the central and western cities of the Shandong Peninsula and gradually expanded southward. (2) In China, the digital economy has a significant direct effect and positive spatial spillover effect, which was confirmed by a series of robustness tests were conducted. From the perspective of different regions, although the direct effect was significantly positive in all regions, the influence coefficient in the eastern region was significantly larger than that in the central, western, and northeastern regions. The spatial spillover effect is entirely significant in the eastern region, partly significant in the central and northeastern regions, and not significant in the western region, indicating that "digital segregation" exists in the western region. (3) The positive spatial spillover effect of the digital economy on tourism development is optimal at 300 km. Subsequently, the spatial spillover effect followed the law of geographical distance attenuation. The spatial spillover effect reaches the critical point of the practical effect at 800 km and almost disappears at 1500 km. (4) Among the digital economy components, digital infrastructure, digital industry development, and digital inclusive finance can significantly promote local tourism development. However, only digitally inclusive finance has a significant positive spatial spillover effect, and the effects of the remaining components are insignificant. This study constructs an analytical framework for the spatial effects of the digital economy on tourism development and conducts rigorous empirical research to compensate for the limitations of current research from a local perspective. This study also examined the spatial effects of various components of the digital economy, which helped identify the source of the impact of the digital economy on tourism development more accurately. In addition, the regional heterogeneity and distance attenuation law of the spatial effect of the digital economy on tourism development were analyzed, and customized policy implications were proposed based on the research conclusions. Overall, this study has essential reference value for achieving high-quality tourism development and expanding the scope of digital economy application.

Objective To explore the application of Halsted operation in emergency repair of incarcerated inguinal hernia. Methods The clinical data of 49 male patients with incarcerated inguinal hernia admitted from January 2016 to December 2018 in our department were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients underwent emergency operation using Halsted hernia repair. There were 36 cases with small intestine necrosis and 6 cases with impaction necrosis of greater omentum found during operation. Drainage tube was retained in abdominal cavity for the patients with intestine necrosis and negative pressure drainage tube was inserted in first interspace. Postoperative follow-up was conducted by telephone or out-patient clinic. Results The operation was successfully completed in all 49 patients. Three cases died of respiratory failure caused by pulmonary infection, and the other 46 cases were cured. Perioperative complication was found 5 cases with incidence of 10.2% 7 days after operation. Patients were followed up for an average of (37.0±8.6)(24-60) months with 2 cases recurred and 4 cases lost follow-up. There was without any local infection of incision. Conclusions In the emergency inguinal hernia repair, Halsted repair has the advantages of simple procedure, low postoperative pain rate and has some clinical value when surgical site infection is controlled.