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Although exosome therapy has been recognized as a promising strategy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sustained modulation on RA specific pathogenesis and desirable protective effects for attenuating joint destruction still remain challenges. Here, silk fibroin hydrogel encapsulated with olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (Exos@SFMA) was photo-crosslinked in situ to yield long-lasting therapeutic effect on modulating the immune microenvironment in RA. This in situ hydrogel system exhibited flexible mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility for protecting tissue surfaces in joint. Moreover, the promising PD-L1 expression was identified on the exosomes, which potently suppressed Tfh cell polarization via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway. Importantly, Exos@SFMA effectively relieved synovial inflammation and joint destruction by significantly reducing T follicular helper (Tfh) cell response and further suppressing the differentiation of germinal center (GC) B cells into plasma cells. Taken together, this exosome enhanced silk fibroin hydrogel provides an effective strategy for the treatment of RA and other autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liver is the most complex vascular anatomy of all human organs, with extremely rich blood flow and fragile texture. Massive liver bleeding usually occurs after traumatic liver injury, causing severe systematic issues. Thus, bleeding control is critical in hindering mortality rates and complications in patients. In this study, non-compression hemostasis materials based on chitosan lactate particles (CLP) were developed for handling liver bleeding after injuries. CLP showed good blood biocompatibility and antibacterial performance against S. aureus. Taking advantage of the vital capacity of CLP to promote red blood cell and platelet adhesion, CLP exhibited in vivo homeostasis properties as non-compression hemostasis materials for traumatic liver injury, both in SD rats, New Zealand rabbits, or in beagles. Whereas CLP has better hemostasis than the commercial hemostatic agent Celox™. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The library acquisition module is one of the important components of ILS (integrated library system, abbreviated as ILS as follows). However, some small, even medium sized libraries refused or hesitated to use this module for several reasons. This article focused on the discussions why the library acquisition module in ILS was so important for the library budget and purchase management, and what the benefits of using the library acquisition module in ILS were. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Easy cancer recurrence and wound infections have been clinical challenges after surgical treatment of melanoma. Herein, a silk‐inspired in situ gelation system containing methacrylated silk fibroin (SF) and chlorine e6 for improved cancer therapy with enhanced wound healing is developed. Favored by the macrophage recruitment capacity of the SF hydrogel, promising antitumor immune responses can be turned "on" via near infrared irradiation in a controllable manner to achieve combination therapy with photodynamic therapy to significantly suppress melanoma recurrence. Moreover, the effective photodynamic antibacterial activity of this bioactive system with the capacity of light‐controllable modulating macrophage phenotype promotes remarkable tissue ingrowth with hair follicle regeneration for Staphylococcus aureus infected wound healing. Thus, this multifunctional silk‐based hydrogel system, as a desirable wound dressing, provides a new platform for promising melanoma therapy and skin regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moving networks (MNs) with moving base stations (BSs) provide ubiquitous and constant services to cellular devices/user equipment (UEs) in 5-th generation systems. Moving BSs are mounted on top of vehicles. To describe the randomness of the BSs, a tractable stochastic geometry model for MNs is proposed. A definition of the conditional success probability and meta distribution (MD) of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for MNs is proposed. The MD is used to assess the benefits of MNs. In single-tier MNs with high mobility, we determine the moments of the conditional success probability given the point process for the calculation of the MD and the mean local delay. The results show that the mean local delay is finite and the variance is reduced to 0. A closed-form approximation of the variance is proposed for general mobility levels. Using the approximated variance, we propose a beta approximation of the MD. The single-tier model is then extended to a two-tier heterogeneous MN model. Tractable expressions of the mean success probability and the variance for both the overall network and the typical UE in each tier are obtained. They reveal that moving BSs can reduce the variance among UEs while keeping the mean success probability constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A double-side healing strategy is applied to modify the CsPbI 2 Br/ZnO interface. • The conduction through perovskite grain is greatly improved via this strategy. • The built-in electric field across the perovskite film is remarkably enhanced. • A better electric contact at the CsPbI 2 Br/ZnO interface is achieved. • The inverted devices deliver a PCE of 15.36% and excellent operational stability. Inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with inverted (p-i-n) configuration are important for the development of tandem solar cells. Nevertheless, inverted all-inorganic PSCs still remain challenging due to the high-density defects in the perovskite and inorganic charge-transporting layer. Herein, we demonstrate a double-side healing strategy to simultaneously improve the performance of perovskite and electron transporting layer (ETL). Specifically, bipyrimidine hydroiodide (BP-HI) is introduced at the CsPbI 2 Br/ZnO interface in inverted PSC. A combined microscopic, mass spectrometric and spectroscopic study reveals that the BP-HI could diffuse into not only perovskite grain boundaries (GBs) but also the ZnO layer. This double-side healing leads to improved conduction through perovskite grain, suppressed ion-migration along perovskite GBs, enhanced built-in electric field cross perovskite film and better electric contact at the PVK/ZnO interface. As a result, the optimized PSCs deliver a champion PCE of 15.36% along with a stabilized power output (SPO) of 15.05%. Meanwhile, these PSCs also display excellent long-term operational stability under ambient conditions. This work thus provides a feasible route for improving the performance and stability of inverted PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the complex spatial‐temporal pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), effective modulation of SCI‐specific inflammatory pathogenesis to achieve desirable therapeutic effects on functional recovery still remains challenging. Herein, cell‐enhanced photocrosslinked silk fibroin hydrogels with extracellular matrix‐mimicking cues of mechanical properties and RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp) signals are gelled in situ to fill the lesion site to modulate injury‐induced neuroinflammation and promote neurite regrowth after SCI. The bionic hydrogel system provides biomimetic mechanical cues to promote neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurite growth by activating YAP nuclear expression. Importantly, favored by the strong capacity of silk fibroin hydrogels on macrophage/microglia recruitment, NPCs encapsulated hydrogel (NPCs@SFRGD0.1) effectively promotes recruited macrophages/microglia to M2 polarization in the lesion site by releasing S100A4 and thereby remodels the inflammatory microenvironment after SCI. Moreover, NPCs@SFRGD0.1 successfully reduces glial scar formation and accelerates corticospinal tract axon regrowth to improve locomotor recovery. Overall, this work contributes to illustrating the therapeutic mechanism of NPCs development based biomaterial therapies on modulating inflammatory microenvironment and this NPCs enhanced silk fibroin hydrogel provides a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the primary cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a natural compound isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L., has been found to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the protective effects and potential mechanism of HSYA on I/R-induced AKI remains unclear. In the present study, the in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and in vivo renal I/R models were employed to investigate the renal protective effects and molecular mechanisms of HSYA on I/R-induced AKI. The present results indicated that HSYA pretreatment significantly ameliorated renal damage and dysfunction in the I/R injury mice via enhancing the antioxidant capacity and suppressing the oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies showed that HSYA could upregulate Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-Nrf2 axis-mediated antioxidant gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, HSYA-mediated improvement in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in H/R-treated HK-2 cells was abrogated by Akt inhibitor LY294002 supplementation. In summary, the present results demonstrated that HSYA attenuated kidney oxidative stress, inflammation response, and apoptosis induced by I/R, at least in part, via activating the Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-Nrf2 axis pathway. These findings provided evidence that HSYA may be applied as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of I/R induced AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multifunction-integrated glass (MIG) is obtained through laser-texturing a hexagonal micro-pit array. • This glass exhibited excellent omni-repellency towards water/fog/ice/contaminants. • The inherent optical property and the imparted multifunction features were balanced perfectly within the obtained MIG. Optically transparent glass integrated with other functions, especially water/fog/ice/contaminate-repellent ability, is highly demanded for electronic displays, vehicle windshields and large-area building windows. Yet, the functional glass currently used in most of these applications faces challenges in integration fabrication and the trade-off between intrinsic optical property and imparted new functions, despite some advances in transparent superhydrophobic glass over the past decade. To this end, inspired by the functional hexagonal microstructure array of mosquito compound eye, a novel strategy to achieve multifunctional integration glass (MIG) is developed for omni-repellency towards water/fog/ice/contaminants in practical applications. The laser textured MIG performed well in durability and transmittance (about 98% of the pristine glass transmittance), which might be ascribed to the microstructure optimization. Moreover, some capabilities are also endowed to this glass, including a diversified self-cleaning ability for a variety of contaminants, a stable antifogging performance in dense fog environment, and an outstanding icing delay effect at low temperature. This work provides a promising fusion concept toward the design of multiplexed platforms that can integrate different functions in one glass for commercially versatile glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A SMA-SERS was obtained with the combination of laser microfabrication and sputtering. • A SMA-SERS is hierarchically ordered and assembled from plasmonic nanoparticle clusters. • The detection of trance amount of R6G molecules is achieved using such a SMA-SERS. • The sensitivity is affected by laser pulse number, film thickness and the microcrater. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with unique molecular vibrational fingerprints for identifying analytes provides an effective spectroscopic approach for the detection of trace molecules in biomedical/analytical fields. Although a great amount of efforts has been devoted to developing various SERS substrates with hierarchical micro/nanostructures, challenges remain in completely concentrating the target molecules within a sensitive area and thereby enhancing detection sensitivity. Here, we report trace molecular detection using superhydrophobic microcrater array as surface-enhanced Raman substrate (SMA-SERS). The hierarchically ordered microcrater array with plasmonic nanoparticle clusters is quickly obtained by the two-step process of femtosecond laser texturing and magnetron sputtering. The resultant substrates with hierarchical micro-/nanostructures show excellent superhydrophobicity with a contact angle above 150° and satisfactory plasmonic nanostructures with the easily attainable Raman signal enhancement factor of ~4.82 × 108. The signals on the SMA-SERS maintain uniformity with a relative standard deviation of <15%. These findings manifest that the SMA-SERS is an extraordinary strong candidate for obtaining high-quality and reliable SERS, facilitating a widespread use of SERS for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Theranostic agent (CBHAc) was designed based on β-carboline derivative. • CBHAc possessed both HDACs targeting and pH-responsive fluorescence characteristics. • Preciously intraoperative real-time diagnosis for micrometastases was developed. • Significant suppression against colon cancer and hepatic matastasis was achieved. Precise diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer metastasis remain a great challenge in the clinic. Theranostic agents that consist of both diagnostic and therapeutic components have gained great interest in cancer therapy. Herein, we report an intraoperative theranostic strategy for the accurate live detection of micrometastases with selective chemotherapeutic activity using a small multifunctional agent (CBHAc). Combining histone deacetylase (HDACs) targeting and pH-responsive fluorescence characteristics, CBHAc provided highly sensitive and selective real-time fluorescence diagnosis for microtumors in zebrafish and hepatic micrometastases in mice. Furthermore, CBHAc demonstrated significant tumor inhibition against colon cancer and hepatic matastasis, prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice through attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, this cancer-targeting fluorescence agent delivers a new platform for both intraoperative diagnosis and suppression of cancer metastasis in surgery, broadening the impact of multifunctional agents for theranostic precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]