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Objective To investigate the early predictive value of transabdominal ultrasonography submucosa index（submucosa thickness to total bowel wall thickness ratio） for treatment responsiveness in patients with ulcerative colitis（UC）. Methods A total of 135 UC patients in the Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University from February 2019 to March 2020 were included, and all subjects underwent colonoscopy and transabdominal ultrasound submucosa index evaluation. After treatment, colonoscopy was used to evaluate the treatment responsiveness of patients, and patients were divided into remission group(n=94) and non-remission group(n=41) according to the treatment responsiveness. The early predictive value of transabdominal ultrasound submucosa index on treatment responsiveness was analyzed. Results High transabdominal ultrasound submucosa index（OR=1.854）, high UCEIS score（OR=1.605）, high hypersensitice C-reactive protein（OR=1.332） and high submucosal thickness（OR=1.838） were risk factors for poor treatment response in UC patients（P