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China's increasingly developed high-speed railways (HSR) network has been found to have important influences on economic development, but analysis of its effect on individual income is inadequate. Based on the data of Chinese Household Income Project Survey (CHIP07 and CHIP13) and China's HSR data, this paper examines HSR's influence on residents' income and the underlying mechanism. Using the difference-in-differences (DID) approach, we document that the connection of HSR network increases both urban and rural residents' income. Besides, to address the potential endogeneity, we construct the least cost path spanning tree network to be served as an instrumental variable (IV) of HSR and the results confirm the reliability of the conclusion. What's more, a HSR-induced industrial restructuring mechanism is revealed by further study, and those who received the higher education is proved to benefit most from HSR. Therefore, education turns out to be an effective way to enhance HSR's income effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the anti-diabetic effects of a traditional Chinese medicinal formula extract, TongGuanWan, were investigated in type 2 diabetic animals. It was orally administered to C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice once a day for 4 weeks at the doses of 62, 125, and 250 mg/kg body weight. TongGuanWan significantly lowered the blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels as well as improved the glucose tolerance in db/db mice. The serum triglyceride levels in the db/db mice were significantly decreased, whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased, after treatment with this herbal formula. TongGuanWan also markedly decreased the animals' body weights compared to those of the control db/db group but did not alter food intake. The effects of TongGuanWan were compared to those of the drug rosiglitazone. In addition, five main constituents of TongGuanWan, mangiferin, berberine, cinnamic aldehyde, timosaponin BII, and timosaponin AIII, were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array and an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-DAD-ELSD). These results suggest that TongGuanWan may be useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)