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Fire risk assessment is a crucial step in effective fire control, playing an important role in reducing fire losses. It has remained a significant topic in the field of fire safety. To explore the research hotspots and frontier trends in fire risk assessment and to understand its macroscopic development trajectory, a sample of 1596 papers from 1976 to 2023, extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database, was utilized to create a knowledge map. The study employed bibliometric methods, visual analysis, and content analysis to uncover the research pulse and hotspots in the field, offering insights into its future development. The findings indicate that research in fire risk assessment has demonstrated continuous growth over the past 50 years. China and the United States are the dominant research forces in the field, while India and Australia show potential as new drivers for development. Expert groups have formed in this field, with intra-institutional cooperation being the primary focus, while inter-institutional collaboration remains limited. The research outcomes exhibit multidisciplinary crossovers, exerting a significant impact on various disciplinary domains. The research hotspots primarily revolve around investigating fire and explosion accidents, assessing the vulnerability of fire subjects, and identifying potential fire hazards. The application of artificial intelligence technology is identified as a pivotal tool for future development. However, to achieve substantial progress, it is important to enhance the importance accorded to fire risk assessment, foster multinational and cross-institutional cooperation, and prioritize research innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a primary intraocular malignancy in childhood, and may develop relapse and metastatic disease. This study was to identify the stem-cell properties of primary retinoblastoma cells critical to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Primary cells were isolated from fresh human RB tissues after enucleation, and cultured in serum-free or serum-enriched conditions, with two RB cell-lines Weri-RB1 and Y79 for comparison. Proliferation of primary RB cells were well-maintained in serum-free condition of DMEM/F12 medium, and formed stem-cell like spheroids. The immaturity of cultured primary RB cells was demonstrated by tendency of highly expressed stem-cell markers (CD133, Nestin and OCT4) and suppressed mature retinal-cell markers (GFAP, MAP2 and Recoverin). CD133, a neural stem-cell marker being exclusively studied in RB, was found positive in small patches of cells in archival human RB by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, at initial isolation, insignificant CD133+ cells were detected by flow-cytometry, and substantial increase of positivity was observed after several days cultivated in serum-free condition. Cultured primary RB cells were engrafted in subretinal region of BALB/c nude mice for assessment of tumorigenicity. Strong tumorigenic activity and extensive progression of the xenograft retinoblastoma was induced by primary cells as compared with the two cell-lines. Again, immunohistochemistry confirmed that the stem-cell markers were emphasized in the xenograft tumor in mice. Our findings demonstrated that in comparison to the well-established RB cell-lines, cultured primary RB cells possess stem-cell like properties with highly expressed stem-cell markers, self-regenerative growth in culture, and strong in vivo oncogenic potentiality. Image 1 • Primary retinoblastoma (RB) cells were distinctive from RB cell-lines in-vitro. • Primary RB cells formed spheroids in serum-free culture conditions. • Primitivity of primary RB cells was shown by high expression of stem-cell markers. • Xenograft showed good oncogenicity of primary RB cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Time-gated luminescence (TGL) bioassay technique using luminescent lanthanide complexes as probes has exhibited excellent practicability in detection of various analytes in autofluorescence-rich biosamples. Herein, a novel copper(II)-coupled lanthanide complex-based luminescence probe has been developed for the ratiometric TGL detection of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in vitro and in vivo. The probe is constructed based on a dual-functional ligand that was synthesized by conjugating di(2-picolyl)amine with terpyridine polyacid (DATP) using the "click chemistry" method. The as-prepared ligand can coordinate to Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions with its terpyridine polyacid moiety to display long-lived emissions of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions, while the further coordination of its di(2-picolyl)amino moiety to Cu2+ induces to the luminescence quenching of the Eu3+ complexes, which allows the probe consisting of the heterometallic Cu2+-DATP-Eu3+/Tb3+ complexes to be constructed. After the probe was reacted with H 2 S to lead to the release of Cu2+ from the complexes, the emission of Eu3+ at 610 nm was remarkably enhanced, while that of Tb3+ at 540 nm was changed slightly. This luminescence response feature allowed the probe to be conveniently applied for the ratiometric TGL determination of H 2 S with I 610 /I 540 as the signal. The applicability of the probe for quantitative detection of H 2 S in human sera as well as for imaging of H 2 S in living cells and zebrafish were evaluated. All of the results proved the potential of the probe for in vitro and in vivo applications. Graphical abstract A novel copper (II)-coupled lanthanide complexes-based luminescence probe for the ratiometric time-gated luminescence detection of H 2 S in vitro and in vivo. Image 1 Highlights • A novel ratiometric time-gated luminescence probe for hydrogen sulfide was developed. • The probe combines both advantages of ratiometric and time-gated detection modes to afford high accuracy and sensitivity. • The probe was successfully used for imaging of exogenous and endogenous H 2 S in living cells and laboratory animals. • The convenient synthesis strategy of "click chemistry" was used for constructing lanthanide complex-based probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An adhesion evaluation model was developed based on the surface properties of LAB. • L. plantarum Lac 9-3 was isolated with high adhesion on the shrimp surface. • L. plantarum Lac 9-3 efficiently kept the freshness and protein quality of shrimp. • Improving the adhesion of LAB facilitated their biopreservation effect. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have recently become ideal candidates for developing food biopreservatives. Adhesion is critical for LAB to perform biocontrol functions in food processing and preservation. In this study, we innovatively proposed an effective adhesion evaluation model related to the surface properties of LAB to excavate a LAB strain with high adhesion on the surface of shrimp. Then, the biocontrol potential regarding the quality of refrigerated shrimp was explored, especially for protein quality. The screening of highly adherent LAB was performed using 54 LAB strains tolerant to the low temperature (4 °C) and present antimicrobial activity. Based on surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and biofilm formation, a new method for predicting LAB adhesion was established by stepwise multiple linear regression. The most relevant relationship between adhesion and biofilm formation was derived from the model. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lac 9-3 stood out for the strongest adhesion on the shrimp surface and the highest antimicrobial activity. The preservation results showed that Lac 9-3 significantly (p < 0.05) retarded the accumulation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and the growth of spoilage bacteria. The damage to the texture properties of shrimp was inhibited. Meanwhile, the degradation of myofibrillar protein was alleviated, including a significant delay (p < 0.05) in sulfhydryl (SH) group reduction, surface hydrophobicity increases, and protein conformation changes. This research optimized the evaluation of the bacteria adhesion potential, providing a new idea for developing biocontrol strategies to extend the commercial life of aquatic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the impact of different ionic strengths on the texture, protein, and flavor of thermally processed hairtail pieces. Incorporating salt ions into the heat treatment process had a positive impact on the quality of the cooked hairtail pieces. The pieces treated with 2 M NaCl showed superior texture and sensory scores. The ionic strength had a significant positive correlation with the chewiness and cohesion of cooked hairtail (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the myofibrillar protein content and total sulfhydryl content increased significantly. Circular dichroism spectra analysis revealed a transition in the protein structure from a β‐sheet structure to an α‐helical structure as the ionic strength decreased. The ionic strength had a significant impact on the interaction between protein and flavor compounds. Specifically, it impacted the expression of certain volatile components (p < 0.05). Our study suggests that selecting the appropriate cooking method is crucial for both healthiness and sensory quality of processed hairtail products, and ionic strength mediation is superior in both aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Golgi apparatus is a crucial component of the endomembrane system and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Recently, increasing evidence shows that Golgi participates in oxidative stress in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). As a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO−) plays a significant role in a range of oxidative stress-related diseases. Therefore, accurately monitoring the level of ONOO− in the Golgi apparatus is crucial for revealing the mechanism of Golgi ONOO− in the sepsis-induced ALI. Unfortunately, no such probe has been reported to detect Golgi ONOO− in sepsis-induced ALI model. In this work, a Golgi-targetable probe FC-ONOO was designed and synthesized for high sensitivity and selectivity monitoring ONOO− generation during the Golgi stress response in sepsis-induced ALI model. The probe displayed high sensitivity (about 57 nM of detection limit) and good selectivity towards ONOO−. Additionally, it was successfully applied in mapping the increase of ONOO− levels in the Golgi of live cells induced by different stimuli. More importantly, the substantial increases in ONOO− levels in the Golgi apparatus were observed in the sepsis-induced ALI of mice for the first time. Given all its outstanding advantages, it has great potential for application in other ONOO− related diseases. [Display omitted] • A novel Golgi-targetable fluorescent probe for ONOO− was developed. • The probe displayed high sensitivity and good selectivity towards ONOO−. • The probe was successfully used to track Golgi ONOO− produced in live cells induced by different stimuli. • The probe was successfully applied to bioimaging Golgi ONOO− fluxes during sepsis-induced ALI for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • L. plantarum SS-128 efficiently prevents refrigerated shrimp spoilage. • Nutrient competition is the assumed mechanism mediating shrimp preservation. • AI-2/LuxS improves nutritional competitiveness by facilitating membrane transport. • AI-2/LuxS is a potential regulator for biological preservation of aquatic products. Quorum sensing of lactic acid bacteria, mediated by the Autoinducer-2 (AI-2)/LuxS system, positively regulates antibacterial activity, which is an effective strategy for aquatic product preservation. This study revealed that AI-2/LuxS system regulates the nutritional competitiveness of LAB by facilitating membrane transport systems in preservation of vacuum-packaged refrigerated shrimp (VPRS), using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SS-128 wild-type and the luxS mutant strain. In VPRS preservation, organisms that cause spoilage and total volatile basic nitrogen were significantly lower in the VPRS inoculated with L. plantarum SS-128 than those inoculated with the luxS mutant strain (L. plantarum ΔluxS /SS-128) (p < 0.05). Simulations in vitro using diluted shrimp juice showed the growth inhibitory effects of wild-type strain SS-128 on the main VPRS spoilage microorganism Shewanella baltica. This could potentially be attributed to more efficient nutrient utilization, presumably mediated by AI-2/LuxS system, as revealed by interaction analysis. In support of this, in vitro nutritional competition test showed that L. plantarum SS-128 was more competitive for nutrients when cocultured with S. baltica under conditions of limited nutrient availability. Subsequently, an integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic revealed that AI-2/LuxS enables a continuous expansion of L. plantarum SS-128 by balancing energy expenditure followed by enhancing membrane transport systems, which is the main driven forces for it to occupy a favourable niche quickly. Our results showed that the AI-2/LuxS system may regulate the nutritional competitiveness of lactic acid bacteria and may be a regulatory strategy for biological preservation of aquatic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cydonia Oblonga Mill. is widely distributed in Turkey, Uzbekistan and China and commonly used by the food industry to produce jam, jelly and candies. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antidiabetic activity and anti-diabetic mechanism of Cydonia Oblonga Mill. fruit (COMF). The chemical compositions were further characterized in COMF by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS and 65 components including 22 flavonoids, 16 organic acids, 11 polyphenols, 5 amino acids, 3 pentacyclic triterpenoids and 8 other compounds were identified. The antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging method and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were tested. Furthermore, we detected the effects of COMF extract on the proliferation activity of HUVECs, cell viability of HUVECs under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and NO production. Then, molecular docking activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of seven key flavonoid components selected by bioinformatics analysis and literature in the COMF were studied. Among them, quercetin showed potent inhibitory activity, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, luteolin and apigenin demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity, while rutin and epicatechin exhibited poor inhibitory activity. Subsequently, the effects of quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, leteolin and apigenin on the gene expression levels of AKT1, IL-6 and VEGFA were verified by real-time fluorescence quantification (RT-qPCR). Molecular biology result showed that different active ingredients can significantly recover the levels of AKT1, IL-6 and VEGFA in HUVECs injured by high glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over-consumption of drugs can result in drug-induced liver damage (DILI), which can worsen liver failure. Numerous studies have shown the significant role ferroptosis plays in the pathophysiology of DILI, which is typified by a marked imbalance between the generation and breakdown of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). The content of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) rapidly increased during this process and was thought to be a significant marker of early liver injury. Therefore, the construction of fluorescence probe for the detection and imaging of ONOO− holds immense importance in the early diagnosis and treatment of ferroptosis-mediated DILI. We designed a probe DILI-ONOO based on the ICT mechanism for the purpose of measuring and visualizing ONOO− in ferroptosis-mediated DILI processes and associated studies. This probe exhibited significant fluorescence changes with good sensitivity, selectivity, and can image exogenous and endogenous ONOO− in cells with low cytotoxicity. Using this probe, we were able to show changes in ONOO− content in ferroptosis-mediated DILI cells and mice models induced by the intervention of acetaminophen (APAP) and isoniazid (INH). By measuring the concentration of ferroptosis-related indicators in mice liver tissue, we were able to validate the role of ferroptosis in DILI. It is worth mentioning that compared to existing alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) detection methods, this probe can achieve early identification of DILI prior to serious liver injury. This work has significant reference value in researching the relationship between ferroptosis and DILI and visualizing research. The results indicate a strong correlation between the progression of DILI and ferroptosis. Additionally, the use of DILI-ONOO shows promise in investigating the DILI process and assessing the effectiveness of medications in treating DILI. [Display omitted] • A novel NIR probe DILI-ONOO for ONOO− of ferroptosis-mediated DILI was fabricated. • The probe DILI-ONOO displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward ONOO−. • DILI-ONOO was used to image ONOO− in ferroptosis-mediated DILI model. • DILI-ONOO can achieve early identification of DILI prior to clinical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common side effect of medicines, which is a pathological process of drug-induced liver dysfunction or injury. As an important enzyme mainly existing in the human liver, carboxylesterase (CE) has been proven that the decrease or lack of its activity is related to the occurrence and severity of DILI. Therefore, detecting the change of CE level in DILI will help to understand the pathological and physiological repercussions of DILI. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (MB-CE) that displayed excellent optical properties for detecting CE. The probe MB-CE featured low cytotoxicity, high sensitivity, and selectivity. Furthermore, the MB-CE was successfully utilized to detect endogenous CE in a liver injury caused by acetaminophen (APAP) and its subsequent treatment with glutathione (GSH) in cells. Notably, with the assistance of probe MB-CE, we successfully achieved realized in situ monitoring of CE decreased in the APAP-induced liver injury mouse model. These results indicate the potential clinical utility of the probe MB-CE for investigating the occurrence, progression, and treatment of DILI. [Display omitted] • A novel near-infrared fluorescence probe MB-CE for CE was fabricated. • The probe MB-CE displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward CE. • The probe MB-CE detected a decrease in CE expression during DILI and a rise in expression repaired with GSH in cells. • The probe MB-CE accomplished in situ monitoring of CE in drug-induced liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, based on automatic control and image processing, a high-throughput and low-cost maize ear traits scorer (METS) was developed for the automatic measurement of 34 maize ear traits. In total, 813 maize ears were measured using METS, and the results showed that the square of the correlation coefficient (R2) of the manual measurements versus the automatic measurements for ear length, ear diameter, and kernel thickness were 0.96, 0.79, and 0.85, respectively. These maize ear traits could be used to classify the type, and the results showed that the classification accuracy of the support vector machine (SVM) model for the test set was better than that of the random forest (RF) model. In addition, the general applicability of the image analysis pipeline was also demonstrated on other independent maize ear phenotyping platforms. In conclusion, equipped with image processing and automatic control technologies, we have developed a high-throughput method for maize ear scoring, which could be popularized in maize functional genetics, genomics, and breeding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel lysosome-targetable fluorescent probe Lys - HClO for HClO was fabricated. • The probe Lys - HClO displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward HClO. • Lys - HClO was used for imaging of lysosome HClO in cells and zebrafish. • Lys - HClO was firstly utilized to image of lysosome HClO in atherosclerosis model. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a systemic vascular disease that typically takes decades before overt disease manifests itself. Due to this silent course, it is essential to create disease predictors before clinical lesions develop. In AS, dysfunction of lysosome induced by the accumulation of HClO changes cytokine secretion from macrophages. The formation of foam cells with an elevated HOCl level is regarded as an iconic feature of the early AS lesion. However, fluorescent probes targeting lysosome to monitor the variations of HClO level during the AS procedure have not reported. In this work, we firstly report a lysosome-targeted fluorescence probe, Lys - HClO , for evaluating AS by mapping the fluctuation of HClO with high selectivity and sensitivity. Meanwhile, probe Lys - HClO can be located in lysosome and successfully used to detected endogenous and exogenous HClO in cells. Furthermore, probe Lys - HClO was effectively applied to imaging endogenous HClO in zebrafish. Notably, with the assistance of probe Lys - HClO, we successfully monitored the significant up regulation of HClO in aorta of high-fat diet (HFD) -induced AS. These results indicate that Lys - HClO was a prospective image tool in studying early diagnosis of AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a primary pediatric ocular malignancy that can be fatal with inadequate treatment. While multimodal treatments are applied for eye salvage, vision loss and metastasis can occur in some patients. The present study aimed to explore key pathways and factors in RB pathogenesis, which could be potential targets for novel RB treatments. Methods: RNA sequencing was performed on three RB tissues and referenced with three normal retinas. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from sequencing data and further analyzed with clustering analysis, function and pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and data-mining analysis in order to screen for tumorigenic relevancy. Results: A total of 331 DEGs were identified by clustering analysis of RB tissues, and the expression patterns were significantly distinguishable from normal retinas. Function and pathway enrichment and PPI analysis together showed that cell cycle was the most prominently upregulated pathway found in RB tissues. Following comprehensive bioinformatic analyses, six key genes relevant to cell cycle regulation were identified, namely BUB1, RRM2, TPX2, UBE2C, NUSAP1, and DTL. Conclusions: Cell cycle pathway and six relevant genes may be potential key factors in RB tumorigenesis and laying the foundation for prospective investigation on development of novel targeted therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mostly characterized by a serious misadjustment in the production and degradation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, numerous studies have indicated that ferroptosis is crucial to the progression and pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). ROS have been implicated as a pivotal causative factor in cell damage, peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is one of the most prominent ROS which is intimately correlated to ferroptosis-mediated AKI. Therefore, monitoring ONOO− levels in ferroptosis-mediated AKI is important for exploring its physiological and pathological roles. Nevertheless, no probes for detecting ONOO− in ferroptosis-mediated AKI have been reported. Meanwhile, resveratrol (Res) is a bioactive component and has been used to the treatment of AKI. However, the effect of Res on ferroptosis during AKI progression remains elusive. Herein, we evaluated the fluctuation of ONOO− during ferroptosis-mediated AKI using the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe (NFP-ONOO) for the first time. The probe NFP-ONOO showed excellent specificity and sensitivity for the detection of ONOO−. Furthermore, utilizing this probe, we demonstrated Res effectively mitigates AKI induced by folic acid (FA) and cisplatin (CP) by inhibiting ferroptosis. Collectively, this work will provide a powerful guidance for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and therapy of ferroptosis-mediated AKI. [Display omitted] • A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe NFP-ONOO for ONOO− was fabricated. • The probe NFP-ONOO displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward ONOO−. • NFP-ONOO was used for imaging ONOO− in cells and zebrafish during ferroptosis. • NFP-ONOO was utilized to image ONOO− in ferroptosis-mediated AKI models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by various factors such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that H 2 S supplementation reverses neuronal loss and mitigates motor deficits in PD patients through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, improved mitochondrial function and proautophagic. Therefore, the discovery and use of H 2 S donors may be an exciting and intriguing strategy for the treatment of PD. Herein, we report a red emission mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe, Rho-H 2 S , which can specifically and sensitively detect H 2 S with a limit of detection of 62.5 nM. Bioimaging experiments have shown that the probe has excellent mitochondrial targeting and good imaging capabilities for the detection of exogenous and endogenous H 2 S in cells. More importantly, based on the Rho-H 2 S probe, we first confirmed the sulforaphane (SFN) among 15 glucosinolate and isothiocyanate compounds from cruciferous vegetables with an outstanding ability to release H 2 S and we further proved that SFN could alleviate the symptoms of PD in vivo. All results demonstrate that Rho-H 2 S could be an effective tool for screening H 2 S donors and can contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visible-light-excitable Eu3+ complex-based luminescent probe, [Eu(pdap)3(DPBT)], has been proposed for time-gated luminescence imaging of singlet oxygen in the mitochondria of living cells, as well as in tumor tissues and laboratory animals. Extension of the excitation window to the visible-light region makes the probe more favorable for practical usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Application of pH-shifting method for modification of thermal processed hairtail pieces. • Heated hairtail presented the best flavor when the pH was 5.5. • Texture properties including hardness and chewiness showed significant correlation with protein indicators. The flavor and texture of hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) products easily change depending on the processing conditions including the programed temperature, environmental pH, and so on. In the present study, we aimed to explore the differences in the overall texture and flavor of hairtail under heat treatment with varied environmental pH. The results indicated that the secondary structure of the myofibrillar protein in thermal processed hairtail meat presented a transformation from α-helix to β-sheet structure with the decrease of solution pH. Moreover, heat treatment in an acidic solution environment effectively improved the sensory and flavor properties of hairtail. In addition, pH-mediated changes on protein characteristics of cooked hairtail meat showed significant correlation with the texture properties, while weakly correlated with the flavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma (CD), known as "desert ginseng", has been found to have hepatoprotective effect. This research aimed to investigate the quality control and its alleviating effect on alcoholic liver injury in mice. In this study, for the first time, a sensitive and efficient ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TRAP/MS) method was developed to rapidly characterize nine representative phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) in the CD extract within 14 min, offering a reference for the quality control standard of this plant. In addition, we found that the CD extract significantly inhibited the weight loss, decreased the liver index, and attenuated excessive lipid deposition, inflammatory and oxidative stress in the mice liver. With the help of the high-throughput lipidomics technique, we discovered that CD markedly reversed 17 lipid metabolites and their involved linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways. As these metabolites are mainly associated with lipid metabolism and liver damage, we further used molecular biological tests to found that CD could regulate the upstream genes and proteins of the lipid metabolism pathway, including adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxidase proliferators activate receptors α (PPARα). In conclusion, this study elucidates the modulatory effects of CD on lipid metabolism disorders in alcoholic fatty liver from holistic system and provides a reference for further research and development of CD as a therapeutic agent. [Display omitted] • For the first time, LC-MS was used to rapidly characterize the contents of nine PhGs in the CD extract within 14 min. • The significant overall effect of CD on reducing alcoholic fatty liver was observed from regulating lipid disorder. • Lipidomics and molecular biology experiments revealed that CD can improve alcohol-induced abnormal lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel NO 2 − specific colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent probe TBM was synthesized through one-step synthesis. • The TBM probe is capable of detecting NO 2 − by the naked eye and fluorescence "off" mechanism. • By fixing the TBM on filter paper, portable test strips for detecting NO 2 − have been effectively made. • TBM has been successfully used to quantify NO 2 − in actual water and food samples as well as to image NO 2 − in E. coli. • The probe was established, which provides an effective tool to better guarantee the quality and safety of daily life. Nitrite (NO 2 −) is an inorganic contaminant that exists widely in the environment including water and food products, excessive amounts of NO 2 − would threaten humans and aquatic life. Developing a rapid and convenient sensing method for NO 2 − remains a great challenge. Herein, a colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent probe (TBM) was synthesized and applied for sensitively and selectively detecting NO 2 − in water, food samples and Escherichia coli (E. coli). With the addition of NO 2 −, the probe TBM solution has a distinct visual color changed from red to colorless and fluorescence intensity at 620 nm quickly decreased. The probe TBM could detect NO 2 − quantitatively with a detection limit of 85 nM based on a 3σ/slope. Under optimum conditions, TBM has been successfully used to detect NO 2 − in real-world environmental and dietary samples, with positive results. Besides, paper strips loaded with TBM have been used to visually determine NO 2 − levels. Most importantly, TBM has also been proven to be able to discriminate from different concentrations of NO 2 − in E. coli by fluorescence imaging. In summary, the probe TBM was successfully developed for the accurate quantification, naked eyes detection and bioimaging of NO 2 − in water, food samples and E. coli , which provides a useful tool to better guarantee the quality and safety of daily life and food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polarization field of ferroelectric materials can increase the performance of a photoelectrode by manipulating the band bending at the solid-liquid interface. However, the effect of pH of an electrolyte to the ferroelectric polarization field when applied to photoelectrochemical water oxidation is still not clear. In this work, hematite and tetragonal barium titanate nanoparticles are synthesized to construct a ferroelectric-semiconductor hybrid photoanode. We find that the photocurrent density of the positive polarized photoanode is improved about 30% in the near neutral electrolyte. However, this effect is disappeared in the high pH electrolyte. The ferroelectric polarization field is beneficial to improve the surface states and the donor density in the space charge layer of the photoanode to enhance the hole collection ability and the water oxidation kinetics in a near neutral electrolyte. Through the molecular dynamic simulation, we find that the adsorption capacity of OH− groups on the polarized barium titanate is reduced at high pH value, thus weakens the impact of the ferroelectric polarization field. Our work can maximize the utilization of the ferroelectric materials by selecting the pH value of the electrolyte and provides a new insight into the mechanism of ferroelectrics on photoelectrochemical reactions. Ferroelectrics polarization field regulate the carrier concentration, surface states and the space charge layer of a photoanode in the near neutral electrolyte. [Display omitted] • Ferroelectrics regulates the space charge layer of a photoelectrode in the near neutral electrolyte. • The impact of ferroelectric decreases for photoelectrode in the high pH electrolyte. • The adsorption capacity of OH- groups on the ferroelectric is evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimodal photoluminescence-magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique has attracted tremendous attention due to its great potential in biomedical researches and clinical practices. Herein a novel multifunctional magnetoluminescent nanocomposite, FA-Gd-Tb@SiO 2 , was found to serve as an effective probe for bimodal time-gated luminescence/MR imaging of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The nanoprobe was designed by integrating a luminescent Tb3+ complex, a Gd(III)-based contrast agent and a tumor-targeting molecule, folic acid (FA), into a silica nanoparticle. The integration of these functional moieties allows the nanoprobe to be employed for specific imaging of cancer cells with background-free TGL and non-invasive MR imaging modes. In addition, the optical and magnetic properties were dramatically improved after implicating the newly synthesized nanoarchitecture. In vitro cellular TGL imaging demonstrated that the FA-Gd-Tb@SiO 2 nanoprobe could recognize and accumulate in cancer cells overexpressing FA receptor. Furthermore, in vivo study revealed that the as-prepared nanoprobe was able to effectively enhance T 1 -weighted MR contrast and TGL intensity in tumor tissue, which might contribute to the precise detection and tracing of cancer cells, as well as diagnosis and therapy of tumor in clinical. Multifunctional magnetoluminescent silica nanoparticles for tumor-targeted time-gated luminescence/magnetic resonance imaging in vitro and in vivo. Image 1 • Multifunctional tumor-targetable silica nanoparticles for bimodal TGL/MR imaging of cancer cells were developed. • The nanoprobe can be employed for imaging of cancer cells with both background-free TGL and non-invasive MR imaging modes. • The nanoprobe can visualize tumors with various resolutions (from single cell to whole living body) and no depth limit. • The bimodal TGL/MR imaging method can improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and minimize potential artifacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of fluorescent/luminescent probes for rapid, selective and sensitive detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is of great significance for understanding the roles of ROS in pathophysiological processes. In the present research, a visible-light-excitable Eu3+ complex-based probe, Eu(L) 3 (DPBT), is designed and synthesized for the time-gated luminescence (TGL) determination of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in vitro and in vivo. The proposed probe exhibits a rapid, selective and sensitive TGL response to HClO, and excellent localization of mitochondria in living cells with low cytotoxicity. These features allow the probe to be used for the TGL sensing and imaging of HClO formation in mimic inflammatory cells at a subcellular level, as well as in endotoxin-induced liver injury and rheumatoid arthritis in live mice. In addition, by immobilizing the probe in the PEG hydrogel, the smart sensor films with rapid response to HClO were prepared, and successfully used for the real-time monitoring of HClO generation in mouse wounds, in order to distinguish the infected wounds from acute ones. Overall, this study provides a useful tool for the clinical monitoring and treatment of wound diseases. • A novel mitochondria-targetable time-gated luminescence probe for HClO was developed. • The as-prepared Eu3+ complex-based luminescence probe possesses a broad excitation window including visible light. • The probe can be used for imaging HClO in mitochondria of living cells, as well as in liver injury and RA mouse models. • The probe-doped smart sensor films were successfully used for the real-time monitoring of HClO generation in mouse wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]