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8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 1579-1584, Battery energy storage plays a vital role in the renewable energy system. Battery as the only dynamic element in a PV system, the current, voltage, resistivity, etc. are varying during charging and discharging. With an accurate and efficient battery model, the designer can predict and optimize battery runtime and performance during different working scenarios. However, low-complexity state-of-the-art models are too weak on the transient behavior. The primary purpose of this study is to provide an efficient dynamic battery model for the simulation of stand-alone PV applications. In this study, an enhanced and comprehensive electrical battery model has been proposed and implemented in the SPICE environment. The proposed model accounts for battery non-linear open-circuit voltage and non-linear capacity effect, which are essential for renewable energy storage applications. The proposed model consists of kinetic based runtime estimation model and transient response model. The proposed model was validated with experimental data on Li-ion batteries. The results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the battery runtime and I–V performance with acceptable execution time overhead. Moreover, the proposed model can also be easily extended to other batteries.

38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1668-1670, This paper proposes a novel electricity price prediction method using past electricity demand. The previous method predicts the electricity price using LSTM after wavelet transform of the past electricity price series. Wavelet transform decomposes the series into more smooth and stable series, and accurate prediction is performed by LSTM with these series. The proposed method also uses the electricity demand series, and the demand is also applied wavelet transform for effective LSTM step. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the accuracy is drastically improved over the previous method.

36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1877-1880, Solar energy is promising renewable energy source for sustainable society. It is important to fill in the temporal and spatial gaps to utilize the solar energy effectively. This paper proposes novel framework to realize spatiotemporal shifting of solar energy using EVs. Since EV is equipped with very large battery for long cruise distance, EV can be realize as energy carrier along with carrying people and luggage. Proposed framework indirectly controls the EV's battery charge/discharge based on power trade via EV aggregator, and the spatiotemporal shifting of solar energy is realized in the end. Experimental results show the effectiveness of proposed framework.

36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1681-1684, Effective utilization of renewable energy is a big motivation to renovate the conventional power systems toward smart energy systems. However, renewable energy is often small scale and intermittent. Hence, the online energy management is necessary to balance between demand and energy production. This paper proposes an online multi-scale optimization framework for smart PV systems in order to reduce the inherent complexity when trying solve the complete problem at a fine-grain time resolution. The proposed framework realizes the effective energy management by solving several optimization problems covering multi time scale. Experimental results shows that the proposed framework can reduce the purchased energy from the utility grid by 19.1% compared with other baseline methods.

Au(111) single crystal electrodes were modified by underpotential deposition (UPD) of Cd ad-atoms with different coverages, which were used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline media. The catalytic activity of the electrodes was dependent on how the Cd ad-atoms covered the surface. Under the presented experimental conditions the monolayer (ML) Cd ad-atom-covered Au(111) electrode had the best catalytic activity on D-glucose oxidation, in terms of both potential shifts and peak current increases, as compared to the 0.11, 0.5, and 2 ML covered and bare Au(111) electrodes. Double layer capacity measurements revealed that the shifts of the potential of zero charge (pzc) were dependent on the different surface coverages of the Cd ad-atom-modified Au(111) electrodes, which is in good agreement with cyclic voltammetric results, as the current flow was initiated for glucose oxidation after a slightly more positive potential of pzc in all Cd ad-atom-modified Au(111) and bare Au(111) electrodes.

Lymph node hyalinization has been comprehensively investigated using specimens obtained from elderly Japanese and white Americans. Onion-peel lesions and associated meshwork areas were often found in the medullary sinus of the thoracic node (mediastinaltype hyalinization), while eosinophilic, glassy and spotty lesions were consistently seen in B lymphocyte areas of the pelvic node (pelvic-type hyalinization). The mediastinal-type hyalinization was comprised of thin collagen fibrils (ca 50 nm in diameter), whereas the pelvic-type hyalinization had thick fibrils (ca 150 nm in diameter). This difference seemed to be consistent with a difference in composite collagen fibrils of vascular walls between the thoracic and pelvic regions. The pelvic-type hyalinization was often or sometimes seen in other nodes, such as cervical, axillary, abdominal and inguinal nodes, especially in white Americans. The mediastinaltype hyalinization, usually in combination with a sinus filled with anthracotic macrophages, tended to be observed in Japanese more frequently than in white Americans. Anthracosis seemed to be connected to the pathogenesis of the hyalinization. On the other hand, because the lesion was weakly positive for Factor VIII immunohistochemistry and because lesions were located along thin vessels, the pelvic-type hyalinization seemed to originate from vascular degeneration in the nodal cortex. Due to the high incidence and large proportion in total volume of the node, the hyalinization seems to be one of the major events that diminish the nodal filtration function and ruin the node with aging.