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Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease(RGERD). Methods: The patients with acid regurgitation, heartburn and extraesophageal symptoms were enrolled in the study from November 2015 to September 2017 at Peking University Third Hospital. All the subjects filled the informed consent.Questionnaire, SCL-90, SAS and SDS scales were recorded. A 24 hour pH-impedance monitoring and esophageal high resonance manometry were carried out. According to the response to proton pump inhibitor(PPI), the patients were divided into RGERD and non-RGERD(NRGERD)groups. The clinical characteristics were compared between these two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of RGERD. Results: One hundred and nineteen patients were finally enrolled in the study including 61 RGERD (51.3%) and 58 NRGERD patients (48.7%).The body mass index (BMI) and rates of, typical GER symptoms including acid regurgitation in RGERD patients were significantly lower than those in NRGERD patients ( P <0.05).While the atypical GER symptoms such as poststernal discomfort or chest pain were more common in RGERD group ( P <0.05).RGERD patients presented less acid reflux events and lower proximal segment reflux ratio than NRGERD patients. No obvious differences were found in the manometry metrics between these two groups. The scores of somatization, depression and hostility in RGERD patients by SCL-90 scales were significantly higher than those in NRGERD patients ( P <0.05), and depression score was an independent risk factor for RGERD [ OR =3.915 (95% CI 1.464-10.466), P =0.007]. Conclusions: RGERD patients present more atypical symptoms and pathological non-acid reflux.Depression is an independent risk factor for RGERD.

Three pot experiments were conducted to investigate the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in Zn uptake by red clover. Plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae and uninoculated controls were grown in a sterile calcareous soil in 'Plexiglas' (Acrylic) containers with two nylon net partitions (30 microm mesh) to separate the central root zone from the two outer hyphal zones. The effects of mycorrhiza on plant growth and Zn uptake changed dramatically with increasing Zn addition level (range 0-1200 mg kg(-1)) in the root zone. With Zn addition levels <300 mg kg(-1), added Zn did not affect plant yield and above the critical level plant yield gradually decreased but was always higher for mycorrhizal than for controls. Below the critical Zn application rate (50 mg kg(-1)), Zn uptake was enhanced while above this level Zn translocation to the shoots decreased. At all Zn addition levels, mycorrhizal colonization increased Zn absorption and accumulation in the roots, and this may help to explain the alleviation of Zn toxicity at high Zn application rates. As expected, AM colonization enhanced P nutrition and hence yield at all added Zn levels studied. Efforts were made to obtain direct evidence for hyphal contribution to Zn uptake by applying both Zn to the hyphal growth zone and additional P to the root zone to avoid the 'growth dilution effect'. The data demonstrate that mycorrhizal hyphae could absorb Zn directly from the soil and then transfer it to the plant roots. The hyphal contribution to Zn uptake by the host plant reached its maximum value at the Zn addition level of 50 mg kg(-1), in which Zn uptake via the extramatrical hyphae comprised 22% of total uptake, thus confirming the critical Zn application level found previously.

Aim: To elucidate the effect of angiogenesis inhibitor, Linomide, on tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice implanted with human gastric cancer., Methods: A metastatic model of gastric cancer was established using orthotopic implantation of histologically intact tumor tissues into the gastric wall of nude mice. Linomide (0, 80, 160 mg·kg(-1)) was given p.o. every day after the implantation, and the mice were sacrificed after 10 wk to detect tumor size and metastasis. The microvessel counts were measured by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody against Human Factor VIII related antigen., Results: Linomide treatment significantly decreased the size of the implanted tumors (control group: 1.36 ± 0.81 cm(3) vs Linomide treated group: 0.84 ± 0.51 cm(3) and 0.62 ± 0.35 cm(3), P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). Additionally, an antimetastatic effect of Linomide was clearly demonstrated in a dose dependent manner: mice given 80 mg·kg(-1) Linomide developed liver metastasis in 4 of 10 cases, mice given 160 mg/kg developed metastasis in only 1 of 10 mice, while it developed in 19 of 28 mice of the control group (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). The number of metastatic foci was also significantly less in the treated group. Furthermore, the microvessel counts in tumors of treated mice was reduced by 33%-42% as compared with the control tumors (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Linomide has a strong inhibitory activity against in vivo tumor growth and metastasis of gastric cancer, effectively suppressing the growth of the primary tumor, preventing liver metastasis, and attenuating the rate of neovascularization.

From Oct 1985 through Sept 1986 and from Oct 1988 through Sept 1989, a total of 1,704 cases were clinically diagnosed as having fetal distress. The results of analysis showed no significant differences (P greater than 0.05) between fetal distress and fetal sex, and age of pregnancy women respectively (P greater than 0.05), but there was a significant difference between fetal distress and gestational weeks. (P less than 0.01) and birth weight (P less than 0.05). The highest incidence occurred in postterm pregnancy. The number of neonatal asphyxia cases with fetal distress accounted for 61.08% of the total of neonatal asphyxia. The more indexes of the fetal distress, the higher is the incidence rate of asphyxia neonatorum. Among the complications of pregnancy, the fetal distress rate due to pregnancy induced hypertension is the highest. The results suggested that by using multiple item examinations, early diagnosis of fetal distress and prompt management are possible to decrease the asphyxia rate and the prevention of complications of pregnancy is important to reduce the fetal distress.

Both nicotinanilide hydrochloride and nicotinanilide sulfate are water-soluble, their IC50 and LC90 against Oncomelania snails being around 0.3 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, during 24 hour exposure at 25 degrees C followed by a 7-day recovery period. The laboratory tests and field trials showed that over 90% of snails were killed within 3 days exposure at 1-2 mg/L, and that 18.4%-100% snails on moist soil were killed at over 20 degrees C, exposed to spraying dosage of 1-2 g/m2 for 1-3 days. The chemical is highly effective against snails eggs at early stage (cell stage). The LC50 of nicotinanilide to Aristichthys nobilis and Pseudorasbora parva is about 200 mg/L. The acute oral LD50 in mice is about 2 g/kg. Plants tolerate the chemical at 1-2 g/m2, but some leaves wilted at greater than or equal to 5 g/m2, dicotyledon in particular. Dermatitis has been reported in individuals frequently exposing to nicotinanilide wettable powder during massive spraying.