Search

Abstract The aging process leads to the degeneration of body structure and function. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of resistance circuit training (RCT) on comprehensive health indicators of older adults. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched until August 2023. Primary outcomes were body composition, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, blood pressure, and functional autonomy. Muscle function and exercise intensity subgroups were analyzed. RCT reduces body fat (MD = − 5.39 kg, 95% CI − 10.48 to − 0.29), BMI (MD = − 1.22, 95% CI − 2.17 to − 0.26), and body weight (MD = − 1.28 kg, 95% CI − 1.78 to − 0.78), and increases lean body mass (MD = 1.42 kg, 95% CI 0.83–2.01) in older adults. It improves upper limb strength (SMD = 2.09, 95% CI 1.7–2.48), lower limb strength (SMD = 2.03, 95% CI 1.56–2.51), cardiorespiratory endurance (MD = 94 m, 95% CI 25.69–162.67), and functional autonomy (MD = − 1.35, 95% CI − 1.73 to − 0.96). High-intensity RCT benefits BMI and body weight, while low-intensity exercise reduces blood pressure. RCT improves muscle function in push, pull, hip, and knee movements in older adults. RCT improves body composition, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, blood pressure, and functional autonomy in older adults. High-intensity training is superior for body composition, while moderate to low intensity training is more effective for lowering blood pressure.

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may play a crucial regulatory role in the process of muscle atrophy induced by high-altitude hypoxia and its amelioration through resistance training. However, research in this aspect is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to employ miRNA microarray analysis to investigate the expression profile of miRNAs in skeletal muscle from an animal model of hypoxia-induced muscle atrophy and resistance training aimed at mitigating muscle atrophy. The study utilized a simulated hypoxic environment (oxygen concentration at 11.2%) to induce muscle atrophy and established a rat model of resistance training using ladder climbing, with a total intervention period of 4 weeks. The miRNA expression profile revealed 9 differentially expressed miRNAs influenced by hypoxia (e.g., miR-341, miR-32-5p, miR-465-5p) and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs influenced by resistance training under hypoxic conditions (e.g., miR-338-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-92b-3p) (∣log2(FC)∣ ≥ 1.5, p

Abstract Background MRI has been widely used to predict the preoperative proliferative potential of pituitary adenoma (PA). However, the relationship between the cyst/tumor volume ratio (C/T ratio) and the proliferative potential of PA has not been reported. Herein, we determined the predictive value of the C/T ratio of PA for tumor cell proliferation. Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with PA and cystic change on MRI were retrospectively analyzed. PA volume, cyst volume, and C/T ratio were calculated. The corresponding intraoperative specimens were collected. Immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin–eosin staining were performed to evaluate the Ki67 index and nuclear atypia. Patients were categorized according to the Ki67 index ( 0.05) but was better than that of cyst volume (P

Abstract Metal halide solid-state electrolytes have gained widespread attention due to their high ionic conductivities, wide electrochemical stability windows, and good compatibility with oxide cathode materials. The exploration of highly ionic conductive halide electrolytes is actively ongoing. Thus, understanding the relationship between composition and crystal structure can be a critical guide for designing better halide electrolytes, which still remains obscure for reliable prediction. Here we show that the cationic polarization factor, which describes the geometric and ionic conditions, is effective in predicting the stacking structure of halide electrolytes formation. By supplementing this principle with rational design and preparation of more than 10 lithium halide electrolytes with high conductivity over 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, we establish that there should be a variety of promising halide electrolytes that have yet to be discovered and developed. This methodology may enable the systematic screening of various potential halide electrolytes and demonstrate an approach to the design of halide electrolytes with superionic conductivity beyond the structure and stability predictions.

Abstract Background To date, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been widely used for the screening, diagnosis and prediction of biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. However, few studies with large sample sizes of carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50) were reported in BTC patients. Methods A total of 1121 patients from the Liver Cancer Clin‐Bio Databank of Anhui Hepatobiliary Surgery Union between January 2017 and December 2022 were included in this study (673 in the training cohort and 448 in the validation cohort): among them, 458 with BTC, 178 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 23 with combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma, and 462 with nontumor patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical usefulness. Results ROC curves obtained by combining CA50, CA19‐9, and AFP showed that the AUC value of the diagnostic MODEL 1 was 0.885 (95% CI 0.856–0.885, specificity 70.3%, and sensitivity 84.0%) in the training cohort and 0.879 (0.841–0.917, 76.7%, and 84.3%) in the validation cohort. In addition, comparing iCCA and HCC (235 in the training cohort, 157 in the validation cohort), the AUC values of the diagnostic MODEL 2 were 0.893 (95% CI 0.853–0.933, specificity 96%, and sensitivity 68.6%) in the training cohort and 0.872 (95% CI 0.818–0.927, 94.2%, and 64.6%) in the validation cohort. Conclusion The model combining CA50, CA19‐9, and AFP not only has good diagnostic value for BTC but also has good diagnostic value for distinguishing iCCA and HCC.

Harvesting energy from ambient water, a renewable technology of generating electrical energy, promises to relieve the worldwide energy shortage. However, most of the electricity from ambient water is flowing potential, which has a short duration and is greatly affected by external conditions. Herein, a graphene oxide-polypyrrole-nonwoven fabric (GO-PPy-NWF) with asymmetric structure based water-induced energy generator is developed to harvest electricity via synergistic flowing potential and ionovoltaic effect. Electric power of ∼0.86 V and ∼40 μA can be harvested for ∼40 min with 0.1 mL brine or seawater infiltrating into the generator. Moreover, under one sun, the GO-PPy-NWF achieves electric power up to ∼0.93 V due to rapid evaporation. The GO-PPy-NWF harvests electricity by water to light up light emitting diodes (LEDs) and small electronic devices, showing good practicability prospects with flexibility, low cost and sustainability.

Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) can significantly improve athletic performance. This study investigated the effects of two different velocity loss (10% VL and 20% VL) protocols on PAPE in 20 m sprint performance among sprint athletes. Twenty-four male sprint athletes (100 m sprint time: 10.96 ± 0.15 s) participated in the study. A randomized crossover experimental design was used to compare the traditional group (TG) and 10% VL and 20% VL interventions. Sprint tests were conducted at 4, 8, 12, and 16 min post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between group and time on 20 m sprint performance (F = 2.817, p = 0.037, partial η2 = 0.585). Simple main effects analysis revealed significant improvements at 4 min for the 20% VL group (p < 0.05). Cohen’s d values indicated improvements in 10 m sprint times at 8 min for all groups (TG: effect size (ES) = −0.270, 10% VL: ES = −0.038, 20% VL: ES = −0.279). Improvements in 20 m sprint times were observed at 4 min for the 20% VL group (ES = −0.296) and at 16 min for the 10% VL group (ES = −0.276). In conclusion, the velocity loss-based PAPE protocol (20% VL) demonstrated a superior induction of PAPE effects in sprint athletes at 4 min compared to traditional 1RM-based PAPE protocols. However, no significant differences were observed between the two protocols at 8, 12, and 16 min.

Lysozyme, a common antimicrobial agent, is widely used in the food, biopharmaceutical, chemical, and medicine fields. Rapid and effective isolation of lysozymes is an everlasting topic. In this work, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer nanofibrous membranes with a gradient porous structure used for lysozyme adsorption were prepared through layer-by-layer nanofiber wet-laying and a cost-efficient ultraviolet (UV)-assisted graft-modification method, where benzophenone was used as an initiator and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as a modifying monomer. As indicated in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectric energy spectrometer (XPS) investigation, sulfonic acid groups were introduced on the surface of the modified nanofibrous membrane, which possessed the ability to adsorb lysozyme. Compared with membranes with homogenous porous structures, membranes with a gradient porous structure present higher static (335 mg/g) and dynamic adsorption capacities (216.3 mg/g). Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity remained high after five cycles of the adsorption–desorption process. The results can be attributed to the gradient porous structure rather than the highest porosity and specific surface area. This suggests that the membrane with comprehensive separation performance can be designed from the view of the transmembrane porous structure, which is of significance for the development of next-generation advanced chromatographic membranes.