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Abstract Background and purpose The CATCH (Coil Application Trial in China) trial was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the Numen Coil Embolization System in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in comparison with the Axium coil (ev3/Medtronic). Although the endovascular treatment of small (

Multi Core Fiber (MCF) is an important transmission medium of Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) technology, which can significantly enhance the communication capacity of existing optical fiber. However, MCF has the problems of high structural complexity, difficult to test, and no test standard for parameters. According to the structural characteristics, combined with the technical experience in the development, this paper standardize the splicing method and the parameters testing method of MCF, which lays the foundation for the large-scale commercialization of MCF in the future.

Background: Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI)‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) may occur after renal ischemic injury. There is a lack of an accurate and comprehensive detection technique for IRI‐AKI. Purpose: To longitudinally evaluate IRI‐AKI in rats by renal structure, function, and metabolites using multi‐parametric MRI (mpMRI). Study Type: Prospective. Animal Model: Forty‐eight rats undergoing IRI‐AKI. Field Strength/Sequence: 7‐T, T1 mapping, and arterial spin labeling (ASL): echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence; blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD): gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequence; T2 mapping, quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT), and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST): rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequence. Assessment: The mpMRI for IRI‐AKI was conducted at 0 (control), 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days, all included eight rats. The longitudinal mpMRI signal of manually outlined cortex, outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM), inner stripe of the outer medulla, and medulla plus pelvis were calculated and compared, their diagnosis performance for IRI‐AKI also been evaluated. Statistical Tests: Pearson correlations analysis for correlation between mpMRI signal and renal injury, unpaired t‐tests for comparing the signal changes, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to identify most sensitive indicator of mpMRI. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Compared with control kidneys, the T1 and T2 values of the cortex and medulla in IRI kidneys increased and reached their highest values on day 14, and the kidneys also showed the most severe edema and segments blurred. The RBF in the cortex and OSOM showed a significant decline after day 3. The BOLD signal in the OSOM largest increased on day 28. The cortical PSR and the amine‐CEST both decreased with IRI‐AKI progression, and amine‐CEST achieved the highest AUC for the diagnosis (0.899). Data Conclusion: Multi‐parametric MRI may show comprehensive variations in IRI‐AKI, and amine‐CEST may exhibit the highest accuracy for diagnosis of IRI‐AKI. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State functions play important roles in thermodynamics. Different from the process function, such as the exchanged heat δQ and the applied work δW, the change of the state function can be expressed as an exact differential. We prove here that, for a generic thermodynamic system, only the inverse of the temperature, namely 1/T, can serve as the integration factor for the exchanged heat δQ. The uniqueness of the integration factor invalidates any attempt to define other state functions associated with the exchanged heat, and in turn, reveals the incorrectness of defining the entransy Evh=CVT2/2 as a state function by treating T as an integration factor. We further show the errors in the derivation of entransy by treating the heat capacity CV as a temperature-independent constant.

Abstract Iatrogenic ICA injury is a life‐threatening and underreported complication of EES. For selected patients, covered stent implantation is the best and only way to block the rupture spot immediately and maintain ICA blood flow.

Using the daily temperature data from the Dongying national meteorological observatory from 1981-2021, the daily temperature and water temperature data of the agricultural waters of the Yellow River Estuary from 2019-2021, and the hairy crab yield data of the Yellow River Estuary in Dongying from 2004-2021, the meteorological yield reduction rate was calculated after the meteorological yield was separated by moving-average model, and the relationship between temperature factors and yield reduction rate during the growth cycle of hairy crabs was analyzed by correlation analysis, the high temperature index (HTI) was selected as the key factor, and the HTI-damage model was constructed by stepwise regression method, then the damage threshold and compensation rate were determined, and the high temperature index insurance product of hairy crab in the Yellow River Estuary was designed. With the improvement of production technology in recent years, the yield of hairy crabs increased in most years, but the yield reduction rate fluctuated obviously under the influence of meteorological conditions in different years, for example, in 2008 and 2019, high temperatures and typhoons and torrential rains caused a relative increase in yield loss, and the growth and development of hairy crabs were closely related to temperature, the daily mean effective accumulated temperature above 35°C was significantly correlated with the yield reduction rate, which passed the 0.01 level test, the daily mean of effective accumulated temperature above 35°C, that is, the maximum of high temperature index reached 1.893°C·d, and the maximum of high temperature lead a 12.4% reduction of hairy crab yield. According to the calculation value of high temperature index-damage model, the high temperature disaster of hairy crab was further divided into five grades: mild, relatively mild, moderate, relatively severe and severe. Taking the HTI≥1.529°C·d as the trigger value of claims, the average amount of claims payable in the years when claims can occur is 294.04 yuan·667m-2, and the amount of claims ranges from 58.59 to 651.00 yuan·667m-2. The Yellow Estuary hairy crab high temperature weather index pure insurance rate was 6.61%, and the premium was 43.03 yuan·667m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The important reason of the reduction of the catalytic performance of Pt/C catalyst is carbon carrier corrosion. The risk of oxgen flooding in proton-exchange membrane fuel cellsis also increased by hydrophilicity of this catalyst. The Pt/C catalyst was subsequently reduced using hydrazine hydrate to make Pt/C corrosion resistant and anti-flooding. Comparison by infrared spectra of absorption peaks shows the increased number of oxygen-containing functional groups in the XC-72 carbon surface treated with hydrogen peroxide. Its measured contact angle is less than that of untreated XC-72 carbon. Reduction of oxidized XC-72 carbon with hydrazine hydrate shows that the contact angle is increased by 22.4° compared with that of the oxidized XC-72 carbon, indicating anti-flooding enhancement. As shown in the specific surface area measurement, the specific surface area of XC-72 is reduced by the hydrogen peroxide treatment but its mespopore ratio is increased, which favors the carrier load Pt. The anti-flooding of Pt/C catalyst after reduction with hydrazine hydrate is stronger than that before reduction, indicating an increase in contact angle by 6.2°. After 2000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical specific surface loss is decreased and the durability is improved for the reduced Pt/C catalyst by hydrazine hydrate.

Non-invasive and quantifiable diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is an ongoing challenge for researchers. In this study, we compared two different chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging quantification metrics in substantia nigra (SN), cortex and hippocampus of acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice at three different time points including before MPTP administration, and the 3rd and 10th day after MPTP administration. Area of amine (Areaamine), magnetization transfer ratio yielding Rex (MTRrex) and apparent exchange-dependent relaxation (AREX) in SN derived from 5-pool Lorentzian fitting and inverse Z-spectrum analysis showed a statistically significant decrease after successful modeling, while there were no significant alterations in T1, T2, and magnetization transfer ratio based on asymmetry analysis (MTRasym). The results suggested that the former quantification is superior to that based on Z-spectrum asymmetry in vivo due to the exclusion of direct saturation (DS) and magnetic transfer (MT) effects and may reflect the destroying SN of PD.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method that makes full use of the chemical exchange between water protons and exchangeable protons from solute molecules. Through chemical exchanges, the MRI signal of bulk water decreases when saturating at specific frequency of solute protons. Important biological information related to the chemical exchange processes could be extracted from the amplitude of water signal decrease. For example, the CEST signals have been used for in vivo pH imaging since the proton exchange rate is often pH-dependent. CEST signals originated from endogenous proteins/peptides and exogenous small molecule/metal chelate probes have been used for in vivo pH imaging. Using the ratiometric methods or the amine and amide concentration-independent detection (AACID) methods, in vivo pH maps have been acquired from kidneys, ischemic brain and tumors. In this paper, we thoroughly reviewed the progresses during the past twenty years in the field of in vivo pH imaging with CEST contrast. Principles, methods and applications were discussed, as well as development trends and future directions.

Objective: Symptomatic in-stent restenosis (sISR) is the major cause of medium- or long-term cerebral infarctions in patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty for the treatment of intracranial sISR.Methods: We report 11 cases of PCB angioplasty for intracranial sISR. Lesion locations and number were as follows: intracranial internal carotid artery (n = 4), M1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) (n = 1), V4 segment of vertebral artery (n = 6). The technical success rate, periprocedural complications, and short-term outcome were retrospectively analyzed.Results: All procedures were successfully performed without periprocedural complication. Asymptomatic vessel dissection after PCB inflation occurred in one case. Postprocedural diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) showed new asymptomatic ipsilateral infarction in one case. All 11 cases did not experience ipsilateral stroke or death within 30 days or ischemic stroke in the territory of the target artery between 31 and 90 days after procedure.Conclusion: This preliminary study indicates that PCB angioplasty is feasible and safe for the treatment of intracranial sISR. Further studies are needed to clarify its efficiency and long-term outcome.

Quantum Brownian motion, described by the Caldeira–Leggett model, brings insights to the understanding of phenomena and essence of quantum thermodynamics, especially the quantum work and heat associated with their classical counterparts. By employing the phase-space formulation approach, we study the heat distribution of a relaxation process in the quantum Brownian motion model. The analytical result of the characteristic function of heat is obtained at any relaxation time with an arbitrary friction coefficient. By taking the classical limit, such a result approaches the heat distribution of the classical Brownian motion described by the Langevin equation, indicating the quantum–classical correspondence principle for heat distribution. We also demonstrate that the fluctuating heat at any relaxation time satisfies the exchange fluctuation theorem of heat and its long-time limit reflects the complete thermalization of the system. Our research study justifies the definition of the quantum fluctuating heat via two-point measurements.

Objective: To test whether Neuroform EZ stent placement combined with the modified techniques in symptomatic severe intracranial stenosis (ICAS) would result in lower rates of peri-procedural complications of intracranial stenting.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data from 71 consecutive patients who underwent Neuroform EZ stent placement combined with the modified techniques for symptomatic severe ICAS at our institute between January 2016 and October 2017. The primary outcomes were ipsi-lateral ischemic stroke, intra-cerebral hemorrhage, or death within 30 days after stenting. The secondary outcome was technical success.Results: The technical success rate was 100%. The mean pre and post-stent stenoses were 84.2% ± 9.1% (median 85%, IQR75% to 90%) and 16.9% ± 10.2 % (median 15%, IQR 10% to 25%). The frequency of ipsi-lateral stroke, intra-cerebral hemorrhage, or death within 30 days was 0%.Conclusions: The combined use of Neuroform EZ stent placement and the modified techniques for symptomatic severe ICAS is technically feasible and safe, with very low peri-procedural complications. Further studies are required to assess the long-term results of this approach.

Objective: This study is aimed to explore the effect of triazole fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) exposure on the oral absorption behavior of atenolol (AT), based on the homeostasis of bile acids (BAs). Methods: TEB was daily gavaged to rats with 3 mg/kg dose for 28 days to establish the TEB‑exposure rat model. The amounts of glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid and taurine deoxycholic acid in the small intestine contents of normal and TEB‑exposure rats were detected by LC‑MS/MS. AT (10 mg/kg) were gavaged to the normal and TEB‑exposure rats, and then blood were collected from orbital venous plexus at predetermined time‑points. The concentration of AT in plasma was detected by LC‑MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the DAS pharmacokinetic software. An intestinal circulation perfusion model was established in normal rats, and perfused with the perfusates containing the model drug of fluorescein and the BAs with the same compositions as the normal/TEB‑exposure rats. After perfusion, the absorption and permeability of fluorescein in intestine were detected, as well as the oxidative stress status and ZO‑1 expression level in the intestinal tissues. Results: Compared with normal rats, TEB‑exposure increased the amounts of glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid and taurine deoxycholic acid in intestine significantly (P<0.001). In TEB‑exposure rats, the maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of AT were increased significantly than those of normal rats (P<0.05), and the peak time was significantly delayed (P<0.05). The TEB‑induced BAs homeostasis perturbance increased intestinal permeability, and this effect was associated with the elevation of oxidative stress and the down‑regulation of intercellular tight junction proteins in intestinal tissues. Conclusion: TEB‑exposure can affect the oral absorption behavior of AT, which is probably related with the intestinal BAs homeostasis perturbance, thus it might affect the clinical efficacy and safety of this drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]