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In recent years, ionic liquids as a new ideal 'green solvent' have been widely used in hydrometallurgy industry. Compared with traditional organic solvents, it is more prominent in the extraction and separation of metal ions. This paper mainly expounds the development, types and properties of ionic liquids, and reviews the research progress of ionic liquids as extraction solvents for separation of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, heavy metals and transition metal ions, and expounds their extraction results. It is found that the addition of chelating agent m imidazolium ionic liquids could improve the extraction rate, and the imidazolium ionic liquids containing alcohol-sulfur functional groups have obvious effects on the extraction and separation of many metal ions. Alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals can be successfully separated by ionic liquid extraction combined with electrical sedimentary faces. There are also some functional ionic liquids with high extraction efficiency for heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater and public sewage. The weak ability of ionic liquids to extract transition metal ions needs to be enhanced by adding other extract ants. In this paper, the application status of ionic liquid extraction separation is pointed out, and the future development direction of ionic liquid in the field of extraction is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the arousal of people with high stress-related sleep vulnerability and the effect of music intervention on hyperarousal. Methods A total of 33 healthy subjects from China Rehabilitation Research Center were enrolled in this study. Based on the median value (17 score) of Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test-Chinese Version (FIRST-C), they were divided into 2 groups: 16 cases of high stress-related sleep vulnerability and 17 cases of low stress - related sleep vulnerability. Multi-parameter physiological indexes monitoring system of Thought Technology Ltd. was used to gather physiological indicators [blood volume pulse (BVP), skin temperature, skin conduction, respiration rate, respiration amplitude and heart rate], and brain wave [δ wave, θ wave, low α wave and high α wave, α wave, sensory-motor rhythm (SMR), low β wave and high β wave]. Results Compared with low vulnerability subjects, high vulnerability subjects had significantly higher skin conduction (P = 0.003, 0.001), amplitude of SMR (P = 0.015, 0.031) and low β wave (P = 0.000, 0.001) before and after treatment, while had significantly increased high β wave after treatment (P = 0.004). After treatment, all subjects had significantly reduced BVP (P = 0.000), increased skin temperature (P = 0.000), increased respiration rate (P = 0.008) and reduced heart rate (P = 0.000). Compared with before treatment, high vulnerability subjects had significantly reduced skin conduction (P = 0.001), respiratory amplitude (P = 0.032), high α wave (P = 0.017) and low β wave (P = 0.013) after treatment. Compared with before treatment, low vulnerability subjects had significantly reduced skin conduction (P = 0.039), low α wave (P = 0.035), high α wave (P = 0.031), α wave (P = 0.044) and low β wave (P = 0.015) after treatment. Conclusions Both physiological and cortical hyperarousal are presented in people with high stress-related sleep vulnerability in resting state. Music intervention can improve the hyperarousal of high vulnerability people, especially their physiological indicators. It can be used as a health management technique to prevent people with high stress-related sleep vulnerability from developing into chronic insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive impairment is one of major disorders after brain injury. With the rapid development of rehabilitation medicine in China, more and more attention was focused on it. The methods of assessment and rehabilitation therapy of cognitive impairment are more widely used in clinic. Based on traditional methods of assessment and rehabilitation therapy, driven by the development of computer, Internet and Internet of Things, more and more new methods emerged. This article intends to review the commonly used assessment and rehabilitation therapy of cognitive impairment and their progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND To develop a coumarin-based fungicide, a series of 3-benzoyl-4-hydroxylcoumarin derivatives were synthesised and their fungicidal activities were evaluated against typical fungi occurring in Chinese agroecosystems. RESULTS Target compounds were characterised through 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of compound III-21 was determined through X-ray diffraction. Bioassay results indicated that most of the target compounds showed good growth inhibition against all of the fungi tested in vitro. EC50 of the target compounds against Physalospora piricola, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea indicated that most of the target compounds displayed comparable activity with that of carbindazim and chlorothalonil in vitro. Among these compounds, the analogue 3-(2-bromo-4-chlorobenzoyl)-4-hydroxylcoumarin ( III-21) displayed the optimum growth inhibition against R. cerealis (87.5%) and B. cinerea (82.7%) in vivo at 200 µg mL−1 concentration; thus, this analogue is a potential inhibitor of pathogenic fungi and a new major compound for further optimisation. The results of analysing the structure-activity relationships demonstrated that changes in substituents on benzene ring A of 3-benzoyl-4-hydroxylcoumarin caused different fungicidal activities and provided original information on the preferential conformation to maintain high activities. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrated that 3-benzoyl-4-hydroxylcoumarin derivatives can be used as possible major compounds to develop novel fungicides. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]